Ch-Transportation

A.Functions of Blood:-
a. It carries oxygen, which is essential for cellular respration, to call parts of the body.
1. It carries carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs for removal.
C. It carries digested food material(glucose) to the body

D. Carries wastes such as urea for removal

remoral.
B: A Blood & divided into.
Plasma :-
Plasma makes up more than half of the blood.
It is made up of 92% water hormones glucose and other dissolved nutrients.
It transports these substances through blood.
It also helps the blood to coat,

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS:-

RBC’S:-
Red
(due to the presence of
haemoglobin)

Disc-shaped

Carry oxygen and carbon

Dioxide

5,000,000 IN CUBIC MILLILITRES OF BLOOD DUE TO SMALL IN SIZE.

HEAMOGLOBIN

OXYHEAMOGLOBIN CARBOMINOHEAMOGLOBIN

CARRIED TO THE CELLS WHERE IT BREAKS DOWN TO RELEASE OXYGEN

OXYGENATED BLOOD:-RICH IN OXYGEN AND BRIGHT RED IN COLOR.

DEOXYGANATED BLOOD:-VERY LITTLE OXYGEN LOOKS DEEP DARK RED.

WBC’S:-
COLOURLESS

IRREGULAR SHAPE SO THAT CAN ENTER ANY PART OF THE BODY

PROTECT THE BODY AGAINST INFECTION BY DESTROYING FOREIGN MATERIAL SUCH AS BACTERIA.

4500-11000 IN A CUBIC MILLILITRE OF BLOOD AS THEY HELP TO PROTECT OUR BODY

PLATELATES:-
HELP IN THE CLOTTING OF BLOOD.CLOTTING PREVENTS THE LOSS OF BLOOD FROM WOUNDS.

Arteries
1. They carry blood away. They carry blood to the organs and tissues.
2. Thier walls are thick and elastic.
3. They transport oxygenated blood
(Except pulmonary artery.)
4. They don't have values.
5.They have a narrow passegway.
6.Blood flows through them at high pressure.

Veins
1.They carry blood to the
heart from the organ and tissue.
2.Thier walls are thin.
3.They transport deoxyganated
blood (except the pulmonary vein).
4.They have values.
5.They have a wide passegway
6.Blood flows through them at high pressure.

Cappilleries:
1. They are are Blood vessels that connect arteries and views.
2. They are about one the third of a a strand of hair or smaller.
3. Thive thin walls allow oxygen, nutrients,
Carbon dioxide of waste producty to pass between blood and tissue cells .
HEART:-
THE HEART IS A DOUBLE PUMP:-

AS IT PUMPS OXYGENATED BLOOD AND DEOXYGENTED BLOOD TO THE LUNGS AND BODY AT THE
SAME TIME.

THE TWO AURICLES CONTRACT AND SEND BLOOD TO THE TWO VENTRICLES AND THE TWO
AURICLES CONTRACT AND SEND BLOOD TO THE PULMONARY ARTERY AND AORTA.

VALVES:-

THE HEART HAS FOUR VALVES THAT HELP TO MAKE SURE THAT BLOOD FLOWS ONLY IN ONE
DIRECTION AND PREVENTING THE BACKFLOW OF BLOOD.

THE HEARTBEAT:-ONE PUMPING CYCLE OF THE HEART (INCLUDES THE ACTION OF THE AURICLES
AND VENTRICLES) CONSTITUITES OF A HEARTBEAT.

IT PRODUCES THE SOUND OF LUB-DUB.

A pulse is the throbbing beat of blood flowing through the arteries. It can be felt in the wrist, neck,
top of the foot, and other places where an artery is close to the skin.

A pulse rate, also known as a heart rate, is the number of times the heart beats per minute.

EXCRETION IN HUMANS:-

THE PROCESS OF REMOVAL OF WASTES FROM THE BODY IS CALLED EXCRETION.

THE URINARY SYSTEM:-

IT CONSISTS OF:- KIDNEYS,URETERS,URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA.

THE BLOOD BRINGS WASTE TO THE KIDNEYS THROUGH THE RENAL ARTERY.

EACH KINDNEY HAS MILLIONS OF FILTERING UNITS CALLED NEPHRONS,WHICH FILTER AND REMOVE
THE WASTE(MOSTLY UREA) FROM THE BLOOD.THE CLEANED BLOOD FLOWS OUT OF THE KIDNEYS
THROUGH THE RENAL VEIN.

EXCRETION IS NECESSARY CAUSE THE WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED INSIDE THE BODY ARE TOXIC
AND CAN CREATE PROBS IN OUR BODY IF ACCUMALATE.

THE WASTE IS SEND TO URINARY BLADDER CONNECTING THROUGH TUBES CALLED URETERS.

URINE CONSISTS OF ABOUT 95% WATER 2%UREA 3% OTHER PRODUCTS.

BLADDER IS A MASCULAR ORGAN WHICH STORES URINE.

URINE IS EXPELLED FROM THE BODY THROUGH A SMALL TUBE CALLED THE URETHA.

DIALYSIS:- IS AN ARTIFICIAL PROCESS BY WHICH WASTE PRODUCTS AND EXCESS WATER ARE
REMOVED FROM THE BLOOD.THIS ETHOD IS USED IF THE KIDNEYS DO NOT PERFORM THEIR
FUNCTION WELL.

OTHER ORGANS OF EXCRETION:-THE SKIN EXCRETES WASTES LIKE UREA,URIC ACID AND EXCESS
WATER IN THE FORM OF SWEAT.

WATER AND WASTE DIFFUSE FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE SWEAT GLANDS PRESENT IN TH SKIN AND
ARE SENT OUT OF THE BODY AS SWEAT THROUGH THE PORES OF THE SKIN.