WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Practical Research 1- Quarter 3 Week 1

The Importance of Research in Daily Life, Characteristics, Processes,

and Ethics of Research

Name: ____________________________________ Section: ___________________

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)

1. Share research experiences and knowledge (CS_RS11-IIIa-1);
2. Explains the importance of research in daily life (CS_RS11-IIIa-2); and
3. Describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of research (CS_RS11-
IIIa-3)

Time Allotment: 4 hours

Objectives:
After going through this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:
1.1 give some research experiences and relate the importance of
research;
1.2 discuss the characteristics of research and its processes;
1.3 analyses the ethical standards in research writing.

Key Concepts

In this lesson, different thoughts and definition of research was been

introduced, how research differ from inquiry, what is the purpose of research,
how important is research in daily life that can relate to your own research
experiences. Characteristics, processes, and ethics of research was also been
described that guides you in understanding research and apply it in your
upcoming research activities.

What is Research?

Research is defined as the scientific, investigation of phenomena which

includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that
lines an individual’s speculation with reality. A solution to problems that was
based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories. It is a process of
inquiring that requires a systematic, well-planned procedure to meet the need
in order that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and
effectiveness.

Difference of Inquiry and Research

Inquiry is simply defined as “a seeking for truth, information or

knowledge”, somehow synonymous to the word “investigation”. When you
investigate, you tend to simply ask question that needs proof or valid facts to
search for truth, information, or knowledge. Data and information pursued
through questioning begins with gathering by applying the different human
senses.
Research is systematic and objective creation of knowledge. Systematic
(with a system or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angels
are presented), Knowledge creation (a creative process).

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Purpose of Research

1. To inform action.
2. To prove or generate a theory.
3. To augment knowledge in a field or study.

Importance of Research in Daily Life

1. Research directs us to inquire about the right information by

conducting further investigation of the actual condition. It leads us to
be cautious in giving results and findings by proving lies and
supporting the truth.
2. Research empowers us with knowledge and discovers new things and
issues in life. It helps us solve problems in health, crimes, business,
technology and environment.
3. Research facilitates learning as an opportunity to share valuable
information to others as a way of recognizing various concerns for
public awareness.

Activity 1: Word Game

A. Look into this labyrinth of letters and encircle the words that are related
to the definition of research.

P I T H E O R I E S N J D T I
H D O M N B V F D P C B H G R
E F I N V E S T I G A T I O N
N A A S E W S F C G I G I H E
O C K R C F Q E W T E M N Y P
M T E G F O P I N I O N S P O
E U T T V N V E S H D W T K L
N A E C A S M E T S Y S R K F
A L I W I D P X R F C Q U M W
C F F Q E P I D T Y V D M U E
Q O R R E F H L L D E T E O R
T P F G M D W F A T R Y N R U
H F C V B T D F G V A R T H T

B. Direction: Answer the following question in a separate paper.

Was there an instance in your life when you did an inquiry or research?
List down your research experiences.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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 Rubrics for grading your answer:
3 2 1 0

Research Research Research No discussion.

experience is experience is experience is
scientifically scientifically explained
explained explained not consistent to the
consistent to the consistent to the concepts, but with
concepts, and has concepts, but has misconceptions.
no no misconception.
misconception.

Characteristics of Research

Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the

researcher.
Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and
ends with a problem.
Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the
data, whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.
Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias
using systematic method and procedures.
Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or
repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive
results.

Processes of Research

There are seven steps in a research process.

Step 1. Define and develop your topic (research problem).

➢ Factors to consider in selecting a research problem.
1. Researcher’s area of interest
2. Availability of funds
3. Researcher’s ability and training
Step 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (review
of related literature)
Step 3. Plan your research design including your sample (methodology).
Step 4. Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for
qualitative research) or closed-ended questions (for quantitative
research).
Step 5. Process and analyze data using thematic analysis (for
qualitative research) and statistical tools (for quantitative research).
Step 6. Formulate new insights gained (for qualitative research)
conclusions (for quantitative research) and recommendations.
Step 7. Define new problem.

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Activity 2: Fix Me!

Direction: Each block below contains scrambled words that describes the
characteristics of a good research. Unscramble each word that
matches the definition. (2 points each)

1. ______________________________ 2. ______________________________
L L G C A I O T C I R A L C I

Based on valid procedures and Exhibits careful and precise

principles judgment.

3. _____________________________ 4. ______________________________
T M E H C I L A O D M I I P C L A E R

Conducted in manner without bias Based on direct experience or

using systematic method and observation by the researcher.
procedures.

5. ___________________________________
L C I Y C L A C

A process that starts with a problem and

ends with a problem.

Ethics in Research

Research ethics are guidelines for a responsible conduct of research

which educates and monitors researchers to ensure high standard. There are
several reasons why it is important to adhere to these ethical norms in
research. First, ethics promote the aims of research, such as knowledge,
truth, and avoidance of error. Second, it promotes the values that are
essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual
respect, and fairness. Third, it helps ensure that researchers can be held
accountable to the public. Fourth, it helps build public support for
research. People are more likely to fund a research project if they can trust
the quality and integrity of research. Finally, research ethics promote a
variety of other important moral and social values, such as social
responsibility, human rights, animal welfare, compliance with the law, and
public health and safety.

➢ What are these ethics in research?

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1. Informed Consent. This is required to secure in order to protect
the rights of the participants in your study. Inform your
participants about the criteria set for choosing them as informants
and the schedule of one-on-one interview at the convenient time
they are available. Participation to the study will be completely
voluntary.
2. Honesty. It reports data, results, methods and procedures, and
publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the
data.
3. Objectivity. Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data
interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing,
expert testimony, and other aspects of research.
4. Integrity. Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity;
strive for consistency of thought and action.
5. Carefulness. Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and
critically examine your work and the work of peers. Keep good
records of research activities.
6. Openness. Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open
to criticism and new ideas.
7. Respect for Intellectual Property. Honor patents, copyrights,
trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual property.
Do not use published or unpublished data, methods, or results
without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never
plagiarize, fabricate and falsify.
8. Confidentiality. Protect confidential communications, such as
papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records,
trade or military secrets, and patient records.
9. Responsible Mentoring. Help to educate, mentor, and advise
others. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own
decisions.
10. Responsible Publication. Publish in order to advance research
and scholarship, not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful
and duplicative publication.
11. Respect for Colleagues. Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat
them fairly and do not outsmart others.
12. Social Responsibility. Strive to promote social acceptance and
prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public
education, and advocacy.
13. Non-discrimination. Avoid discrimination against colleagues or
students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that
are not related to their scientific competence and integrity.
14. Competence. Maintain and improve your own professional
competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning;
take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.
15. Legality. Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and
government policies.
16. Animal Care. Show proper respect and care for animals when
using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly
designed animal experiments.
17. Human Subjects Protection. When conducting a research on
human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize
benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.

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Ethical Standards in Research Writing

Research is vulnerable to certain misconducts in identifying and

reporting unethical or unsound research practices. This misconduct includes
fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing
research, or in reporting research results. It doesn’t include honest error of
differences of opinion. It can erode trust between researchers and funding
agencies, which make it more difficult for colleagues at the same institution
to receive grants.

➢ Fabrication – making up data or results and recording or

reporting them.
➢ Falsification – manipulating research materials, equipment, or
processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that their
search is not accurately represented in the research record.
➢ Plagiarism – the appropriation of another person’s ideas,
processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.
There are three different acts that are considered
plagiarism:
1. Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas,
2. Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation
marks, and
3. Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your
own words.

Activity 3: Read and Analyze

Direction: Solve the puzzle on ethics of writing the research. Give your
assessment and explain how to solve the following problems. Write your
assessment in your answer sheet.

Great Inventor of Evidence

Mario has been working on a research project studying the prevalence

of smoking in campus among young students. In his desire to study the
phenomenon of cigarette smoking. Mario interviewed research participants
(both students and parents) of varying socio-economic class. However, he
didn’t elicit the appropriate answers with depth, thus he invented data to serve
as truthful evidence with transcriptions of interview answers. Mario has been
questioned on his methodology but denied the allegation. What should Mario
do?

Additional Activities

• Interview a classmate or a friend of yours through social media about

their plans after senior high school. Asked them how research played a
major role in their chosen track or strand. Make a report about it and
write it in a narrative format like narrating a story.
• Look for a sample of local or foreign research in the internet in your
field of specialization. Evaluate the research if it follows the ethical
practices in conducting research.

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 Rubrics for Grading Your Narrative Report
5 4 3 2 1
Content (35%)
• The parts of the report are complete
and appropriate.
• The parts are clearly described and
justified.
• Overall content is comprehensive.
Coherence (25%)
• Organization of ideas is smoothly
presented
Creativity (25%)
• Writer’s voice is showcased.
• Report uses variety of sentence
structures.
• Uses appropriate language.
Communication (15%)
• Sentences are well structure.
• Grammatical conventions are
observed.
• Correct spelling and proper format are
followed.

Legend: 5 – to very great extent 2 – to a little extent

4 – to a great extent 1 – not at all
3 – to some extent

Rubrics for Grading Your Ethical Analysis

3 2 1
Able to recognize an ethical issue in a
problem or case
Able to state the approach to ethics being
used
Able to explain how the conduct becomes
ethical or unethical.

Legend: 3 – Excellent 2 – Acceptable 1 - Unacceptable

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Reflection!

Using your own words, write a 5-sentence answer for each question below in
your answer sheet.

1. In your own words, what is the significance of learning those

characteristics and processes of doing research?
2. As a student, why ethical standards must be considered in conducting
a research?

References

Henson, Ronald M. & Soriano, Robert F. Practical Research 1 Qualitative

Research World of Reality Dissections. Malabon City. Mutya
Publishing House, Inc. 2016.

Pastor, Maria Euleen Practical Research 1- Grade 11 Alternative Delivery

Mode Quarter 1- Module 1: Nature of Inquiry and Research. Cagayan de
Oro City. Department of Education- Division of Cagayan de Oro. 2020.

Website

Resnik, David B. What is Ethics in Research & Why Is It Important?

https://www.niehs.nih.gov. Access on April 4, 2021

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Answer Key

CYCLICAL 5.
EMPIRICAL 4.
METHODICAL 3.
CRITICAL 2.
LOGICAL 1.

Activity 2

OPINIONS
FACTUAL VALIDATE
INSTRUMENT SYSTEM
DISCOVERY THEORIES
INVESTIGATION PHENOMENA

Activity 1

Author: CHRISTINE D. VALLENTE

School: MAGALLANES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Division: AGUSAN DEL NORTE
Email Address: christine.vallente@deped.gov.ph