EN1993 2 Sedlacek

EUROCODES
Background and Applications
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 1
Innovative rules in Eurocode 3
Gerhard Sedlacek
Christian Müller
RWTH Aachen
EUROCODES Overview
• General
• Actions
• Resistances
• Brittle failure
• Connections
• Stability
• New developments
EUROCODES Eurocodes
EN 1990 - Basis of design
EN 1991 Actions EN 1992 Concrete

EN 1991-1-1 Selfweight –
imposed EN 1993-1 Steel – generic
loads EN 1993-1-1 General and EN 1993-1-9 Fatigue
EN 1991-1-2 Fire buildings EN 1993-1-10 Fracture
EN 1991-1-3 Snow EN 1993-1-2 Fire EN 1993-1-11 Tension elements
EN 1991-1-4 Wind EN 1993-1-3 Thin gauge EN 1993-1-12 High strength steels
EN 1991-1-5 Temperature EN 1993-1-4 Stainless steel EN 1993-2 Bridges
EN 1991-1-6 Construction EN 1993-1-5 Plate buckling EN 1993-3 Masts and towers
EN 1991-1-7 Accidental EN 1993-1-6 Shells EN 1993-4 Silos, tanks, pipelines
EN 1991-2 Traffic on EN 1993-1-7 Plates and EN 1993-5 Steel piles
bridges membranes EN 1993-6 Crane supporting
EN 1991-3 Actions from EN 1993-1-8 Connections structures
cranes EN 1994-1 Generial and buildings
EN 1991-4 Actions in EN 1994-2 Bridges
silos, tanks
EN 1998-1 Seismic design and buildings
EN 1997 Geotechnical EN 1998-2 Bridges
design EN 1998-3 Towers and masts
EN 1998 Seismic EN 1998-4 Tanks and silos
actions EN 1999 Aluminium
EUROCODES Overview of international Code Families
Globalisation
International Code Families
USA EU
International Code Council (ICC) European Committee for Standardization
Building Officials & Code Admin. International (CEN)
International Conference of Building Officials Commission of the European Communities
Southern Building Congress International European National Standard Bodies
International technical scientific organisations
INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
EUROCODES
US-Standards
ASTM EN – Product standards (500)
or EN – Testing standards (700)
European Technical Approvals and
Nat. Fire Protection Association (US-NFPA) Approval guidelines (170)
NFPA 5000 BUILDING CODE

US-Standards
ASTM
EUROCODES Essential requirements of the CPD
CPD – Construction Defines „Essential Requirements“

Product Directive - Mechanical resistance and stability
89/106/EWG - Resistance to fire
Eurocodes
EN – Product Standards Tools to fulfil the

EN – Testing Standards Essential Requirements
ETAs (European Technical Approvals) Conditions for implementation
ETAGs and application of Eurocodes
(European Technical Approval Guidelines)
Guidance paper L: Application and use of the Eurocode

EUROCODES Testing of prefabricated components
Testing of prefabricated Evaluation Calibration of Global

components engineering models application
Rexp,i Rcalc
experimental Unified design rules Rk
calculative
in Eurocodes
Characteristic values Rk
of product properties
Regional & safety National
matters Input
CE-Marking
Partial factors
Marketing of products Rd = Rk / γM
Design of construction works

E d ≤ Rd
EUROCODES Reliability basis
frequency of occurrence
action S resistance R
β = safety index
(reference period: 50 years)
αi = weighting factors
(required due to mutual
influence of Sd and Rd )
EUROCODES Standard system for steel structures
EN 1090 – Part 1 „Delivery Conditions for prefabricated steel components“
hEN Eurocode: EN 1990 – „Basis of structural design“ EN 1090 –

product Part 2
standards for Eurocode 1: EN 1991 – „Actions on structures“ „Execution
steel materials, of steel
semi- finished Eurocode 3: EN 1993 – „Design rules for steel structures“ structures “
products etc.
HSS up to
S700
1.12
EUROCODES Allianz-Arena Munich

EUROCODES Definition of characteristic values of actions and
action effects
Action Qk Definition γQ= Qd / Qk

Permanent G Mean value 1.35
Climatic sk, wk , ΔTk Treturn = 50 years 1.50
Traffic Qk Treturn = 1000 years 1.35
Combination E(Q1 + Q2)

Climatic E(sk – ψ0 wk) Treturn = 50 years
Traffic E(Qk + ψ0 wk) Treturn = 1000 years
EUROCODES Snow load in Munich-Riem
Snow Load on the Ground

Location Munich-Riem
Annual Extrema on Gumbel paper
Non-exceedance probability
0,999
0,990 sk = 1.01 kN / m 2
0,900
0,500
0,100
0,010
0,001
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00
s [kN/m²]

EUROCODES Wind Load in Munich-Riem
Peak velocity pressure qb (2 sec)

Annual extrema (h =10 m) on Gumbel paper
non-exceedance probability
0,999
0,990
q b0 = 0.99 kN/m 2
0,900
0,500
0,100
0,010
0,001
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00
qb [kN/m²]
EUROCODES Air Temperature in Munich-Riem
Change of air temperature related to Tref = 10°C

Annual Extrema on Gumbel paper
0,999
0,999
0,990
ΔTair,min = −39,3 K 0,990
ΔTair,max = +27.2 K
0,900 0,900
0,500 0,500
0,100 0,100
0,010 0,010
0,001 0,001
-40,00 -35,00 -30,00 -25,00 -20,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00
ΔTair, min [K] Δ T air, max [K]

EUROCODES Evaluated climatic actions
Action Characteristic value Design value γQ

snow 1.01 kN/m² 1.77 kN/m² 1.75
wind action qpb 0.99 kN/m² 1.48 kN/m² 1.50
ΔTmax 27.2 K 33.1 K 1.22
ΔΤmin -39.3 K -51.7 K 1.32
EUROCODES Combination rule of climatic actions
E W +S = a S ⋅ s + a W ⋅ q p ⇒ E W +S, k
influence factor for wind
influence factor for snow
EUROCODES Characteristic values of effects of
combined actions
1,20
qp,k = 0.99 kN/m² Effect due to sk = 1.01 kN/m²
combination with return
1,00
period 50a
a s s + a w qp
(normalised)
E w+s,k =
0,80 as + aw
Effect
Effect due to wind

Effect due to snow with return period
0,60
with return period
50a
50a as aw
s E w,k= qp
0,40 E s,k =
as + aw as + aw
0,20
0,00
0,3
0,4
0,0
0,5
0,6
1,0
0,1
0,2
0,7
0,8
0,9
as
Weighting
as + aw
EUROCODES
Background and Applications Combination factor ψ0
E w +s,k = E s,k + ψ0,w ⋅ E w,k ⇒ ψ 0,w

E w +s,k = E s,k + ψ0,w ⋅ E w,k ⇒ ψ 0,w
0,6 Combination factor ψ0 for an
effect with a return period of
0,5 50a
max. ψ0 = 0.36
ψ0
0,4
for ULS
0,3
0,2
0,1
weighting as

EUROCODES Standard system for steel structures
EN 1090 – Part 1 „Delivery Conditions for prefabricated steel components“
hEN Eurocode: EN 1990 – „Basis of structural design“ EN 1090 –

product Part 2
standards for Eurocode 1: EN 1991 – „Actions on structures“ „Execution
steel materials, of steel
semi- finished Eurocode 3: EN 1993 – „Design rules for steel structures“ structures “
products etc.
HSS up to
S700
1.12
EUROCODES Determination of characteristic values Rk and γM
values from tests
Conditions for numerical value of γM
Product standards for materials Execution standard Design standard

and semi-fabricated products EN 1090 – Part 2 Eurocode 3
EN 10025
Test evaluation Rk = γMi Rd
Prefabricated steel component accord. to
for component testing Classification accord.
EN1990- Annex D
to γMi (1,0; 1,10; 1,25)
Rexp/Rcalc
γMi = Rk / Rd
O O
O
Component tests to 1,0 O O O
O O O
determine Rexp
Rexp
Rm
Parameter X1 S*
Rk }
Rexp/Rcalc γM
O Rd
Engineering model to 1,0 O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
determine Rcalc
Parameter X2
Rcalc
EUROCODES Procedure to obtain reliable values Rk
Failure modes
fracture fracture
yielding
Brittle failure
Ductile failure
excluded by 1. Mode 0 Mode 1 Mode 2

appropriate choice of excessive deformation member failure fracture
material by yielding by instability after yielding
e.g. tension bar e.g. column buckling e.g. bolt
Rd =
R k (f y )
Rd =
(
Rk fy, λ ) Rd =
R k (f u )
γ M0 γ M1 γ M2
2. Test evaluation ( )
R d = m R exp 0,8 β σ R − 0,5 σ 2R ; β = 3,80
3. Recommended values
γM0 = 1,00 γM1 = 1,10 γM2 = 1,25
4. Characteristic value Rk = γM Rd
EUROCODES Historical development of production processes
for rolled steel products
EUROCODES Charpy-V-temperature transition curves for S460ML
and S690QL with S355J2 for comparison
EUROCODES
Fracture mechanism (microscopic) 1
Cleavage
Spaltbruch Gleitbruch
Shear
Ti Ta
Toughness-temperature-curve and related load-
deformation curves for tension elements using 2
various parameters for toughness properties CTODR, J R
Kc, CTODc, J c CTODu, J u CTODmax, J max
Toughness [J]
CTODi, J i
KIc c
TIc Tgy Tm Ta
Temperature
Fyielding Fmax Ffr actur e 3
F F F F
v v v v
linear-elastic elastic-plastic
Brittle fracture Ductile fracture

Component behaviour (macroscopic) 4
EUROCODES Design situation for choice of material in EN 1993-1-10

Material toughness
J, CTOD, K
B1
Ji , CTODi
JC-, KIC-
domain A1
σR, R
Tmin Ti Troom T
Action
effect σE, E
plastic
R pl α R el
behaviour Rd = =
B2 E ( γG GK + γQ QK ) γM γM
curves of
equal densities Rel B3
E (GK + QK )
A2 E (GK + ψ1 QK ) fy A3 σEd = σ (GK + ψ1 QK )
E (GK + ψ2 QK ) elastic
behaviour
E (GK)
Tmin Troom T εy ε
EUROCODES Choice of material
Assumption for a0
⎛ Δσc 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞
ad = a 0 ⋅ f ⎜ ⎟
ad
⎝ 4 ⎠
a0
fatigue loading
initial crack
design crack
Safety assessment based on fracture machanics
Kappl,d ≤ Kmat,d
Kmat,d (T27J, TEd)
Kappl,d (member shape, ad, ψ1·σEd)

EUROCODES Safety assessment
Determination of Kappl,d*
CEGB R6-FAD
K
Kappl,d
appl,d K**appl,d
K appl,d
Failure Assessment Diagram
σ Ed
K appl ,d = ΔK ( a d ) ⋅ K appl ,d
Δσ K *
=
kR6 − ρ
appl , d
⎧0,25 ⋅ f y (t ) + σ s ⎫
⎪ ⎪
σ Ed = ⎨0,50 ⋅ f y (t ) + σ s ⎬
⎪ ⎪
⎩0, 75 ⋅ f y (t ) + σ s ⎭
Global residual stress
σs = 100 MPa
EUROCODES Safety assessment
Determination of KMat,d (TEd)
Material property Applied temperature

T27J TEd = Tmin + ΔTr
Modified Sanz-Correlation Wallin-Toughness-curve
e.g.
Tmin = ~25 °C
ΔTr = ~5°C
KMat,d (TEd, T27J, ΔTR)

EUROCODES
K*appl,d # Kmat,d Transformation TEd $ TRd
Assessment scheme
TEd $ TRd
Safety assessment based on temperature Action side Resistance
[
TEd = Tmin + ΔTr + ΔTσ + ΔTR + ΔTε& + ΔTεpl ] TRd = T100
" Lowest air temperature in " Influence of material toughness
combination with σEd
T100 = T27 J − 18 [ ° C]
Tmin = − 25° C
" Radiation loss
Δ Tr = − 5° C
" Influence of stress, crack
imperfection and member
shape and dimension
⎡ ⎛ Kappl ⎞ ⎛ beff ⎞
14
⎤
⎢⎜ − 20⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ − 10 ⎥
⎢ ⎝ k R6 − ρ ⎠ ⎝ 25 ⎠ ⎥ [ ]
Δ Tσ = − 52 ⋅ ln ⎢ ⎥ °C
70
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
" Additive safety element
Δ TR = + 7° C ( with β = 3,8)
may be supplemented by
" Influence of the strain rate
1440 − f y ( t ) ⎛ ε& ⎞
1,5
Δ Tε& = − ⋅ ⎜ ln ⎟ [ ° C]
550 ⎝ ε&0 ⎠
with ε&0 = 0,0001 s −1
" Influence from cold forming
Δ Tεpl = − 3 ⋅ DCF [ ° C ]
with DCF = Degree of Cold Forming [ % ]
EUROCODES Evaluation of large scale fracture tests
DECT-tests
+
10
TExp [°C] 10
Texp [°C]
DECT specimen design values Tcd DECT specimen
-10 -10
unsafe unsafe
-30 -30
-50 -50
)TR for measured values

-70 -70 characteristic value TCalc
-90 -90 surface crack specimen,

surface crack specimen,
safe calculated with handforulae
calculated with FEM safe
-110 -110
-130 -130
-130 -110 -90 -70 -50 -30 -10 TCalc 10
[°C] -130 -110 -90 -70 -50 -30 -10 Tcalc [°C]
10
EUROCODES Determination of the safety element ΔTR only for
DECT-elements
Value of the safety

element (NDP) related
to the use of nominal
values (T27J and fy) is
therefore ΔTR = [+7°C]
Example - Safety Assessment for a well known
EUROCODES
Background and Applications standard steel S355 N or M
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop
Lowest
Lowest fatigue
fatigue class
class 34
could be used up to TEd = -30°C and σEd = 0,5·fy(t)+σs

Plates made of S355 N or M and thickness t # 80mm
Δσ
Δσcc == 56N/mm 2
56N/mm2 (L (L >100mm)
>100mm)
acc.
acc. toto prEN1993-1-9
prEN1993-1-9
T L Geometrical
Geometrical Parameter:
Parameter:
L/t
L/t == 8,2;
8,2; B/t
B/t == 7,5;
7,5;
θ
t
B
T/t 0,15; θθ == 45°
T/t == 0,15; 45°
e.g.
e.g. tt == 80
80 mm
mm
aa0 == 2,19
2,19 mmmm and
and cc0 == 5,48
5,48 mm
mm
0 0
18
16
Crack depth
a [mm]
Δσ
Δσ == 56
56 N/mm²;
N/mm²; LC LC == 500.000
500.000
14
a/c=0,4=const.
aad == 15,94
15,94 mmmm and
and ccdd == 39,85
39,85 mm
12
10
8
d mm
6
4
calculation
test result KKappl,d(Δσ)
(Δσ) == 20,49
20,49 MPa%m
MPa%m
2
Load cycle [-] appl,d
0
0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000
σσEd=0,5·f (t)+σ ; f (80mm)=335N/mm²

Ed=0,5·fyy(t)+σss; fyy(80mm)=335N/mm²
K * (σ )) == 110,01
K*appl,d
appl,d(σEd
Ed 110,01 MPa%m
MPa%m
120
TTEd == -30°C;
-30°C; TT40J = -20°C
AV [J]
40J = -20°C
100
R² = 0,9866
Ed
= - 30°C; ΔT = -7°C
Burdekin
;
80
Approximation
27J = - 30°C; ΔTRR = -7°C

; TT27J
Validity range
60
40
(T ;; TT27J;; ΔT
27J ΔTRR) = 112,21 MPa%m
K ) = 112,21 MPa%m
20
Mat(TEd
KMat
Temperature TKV [°C]
0
-40 -30 -20 -10 T27J
0 10 20 30 40
Ed
EUROCODES Table of permissible plate thicknesses
charpy energy applied temperature TEd in °C

steel CVN 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50
grade at T °C J σEd=0,25*fy(t)+σs σEd=0,50*fy(t)+σs σEd=0,75*fy(t)+σs
min. max. permissible plate thickness tz in mm (safety element ΔTR included)
S235 20 27 135 115 100 85 75 65 60 90 75 65 55 45 40 35 60 50 40 35 30 25 20
0 27 175 155 135 115 100 85 75 125 105 90 75 65 55 45 90 75 60 50 40 35 30
-20 27 200 200 175 155 135 115 100 170 145 125 105 90 75 65 125 105 90 75 60 50 40
S275 20 27 125 110 95 80 70 60 55 80 70 55 50 40 35 30 55 45 35 30 25 20 15
0 27 165 145 125 110 95 80 70 115 95 80 70 55 50 40 75 65 55 45 35 30 25
-20 27 200 190 165 145 125 110 95 155 130 115 95 80 70 55 110 95 75 65 55 45 35
-20 40 200 200 190 165 145 125 110 180 155 130 115 95 80 70 135 110 95 75 65 55 45
-50 27 230 200 200 200 190 165 145 200 200 180 155 130 115 95 185 160 135 110 95 75 65
S355 20 27 110 95 80 70 60 55 45 65 55 45 40 30 25 25 40 35 25 20 15 15 10
0 27 150 130 110 95 80 70 60 95 80 65 55 45 40 30 60 50 40 35 25 20 15
-20 27 200 175 150 130 110 95 80 135 110 95 80 65 55 45 90 75 60 50 40 35 25
-20 40 200 200 175 150 130 110 95 155 135 110 95 80 65 55 110 90 75 60 50 40 35
-50 27 210 200 200 200 175 150 130 200 180 155 135 110 95 80 155 130 110 90 75 60 50
S420 -20 40 200 185 160 140 120 100 85 140 120 100 85 70 60 50 95 80 65 55 45 35 30
-50 27 200 200 200 185 160 140 120 190 165 140 120 100 85 70 135 115 95 80 65 55 45
S460 -20 30 175 155 130 115 95 80 70 110 95 75 65 55 45 35 70 60 50 40 30 25 20
-20 40 200 175 155 130 115 95 80 130 110 95 75 65 55 45 90 70 60 50 40 30 25
-40 30 200 200 175 155 130 115 95 155 130 110 95 75 65 55 105 90 70 60 50 40 30
-50 27 200 200 200 175 155 130 115 180 155 130 110 95 75 65 125 105 90 70 60 50 40
-60 30 215 200 200 200 175 155 130 200 180 155 130 110 95 75 150 125 105 90 70 60 50
S690 0 40 120 100 85 75 60 50 45 65 55 45 35 30 20 20 40 30 25 20 15 10 10
-20 30 140 120 100 85 75 60 50 80 65 55 45 35 30 20 50 40 30 25 20 15 10
-20 40 165 140 120 100 85 75 60 95 80 65 55 45 35 30 60 50 40 30 25 20 15
-40 30 190 165 140 120 100 85 75 115 95 80 65 55 45 35 75 60 50 40 30 25 20
-40 40 200 190 165 140 120 100 85 135 115 95 80 65 55 45 90 75 60 50 40 30 25
-60 30 200 200 190 165 140 120 100 160 135 115 95 80 65 55 110 90 75 60 50 40 30
EUROCODES Choice of material to EN 1993-1-10
Olympic stadium Berlin

EUROCODES Elbe-bridge Vockerode
Bridge system and construction
Construction at supports
EUROCODES Plate thickness for S355 J2G3
Support Span Support

Upper chord
75 75 115 135 115 85 85 60 60 60 115 140 145 145 140 115 60 60 60 85 85 115 135 115 75 75
Bottom plates
30 70 70 95 45 50 70 70 50 70 95 45 30 70
40 40 40 40
125,28
EUROCODES Rhine-bridge Ilverich (Düsseldorf)
Rheinbrücke Ilverich
+ 81,00
+ 46,71
[m]
63,00 63,00 287,50 63,00 63,00
plates in S460 TM
plates in S460 TM
EUROCODES Roof truss for the Sony Center, Berlin
Detail "S"
12 m
Querschnitt I-I
Detail "O"
12 m 12 m 12 m 12 m 12 m
60 m
Querschnitt I-I
100 mm Werkstoff S 460 (Diagonale)
100 mm und S 690 (Obergurt, Auflager)
600 mm
EUROCODES Roof truss for the Sony Center, Berlin -
Details
Upper chord S
Lower chord O
EUROCODES Large scale test specimens for the roof-
truss
EUROCODES Castor container

EUROCODES Bridge St. Kilian

EUROCODES Bridge St. Kilian

EUROCODES Cast node for the bridge St. Kilian

EUROCODES Cast node for the bridge St. Kilian

EUROCODES
Background and Applications Modelling of joints
Klassifizierung nach Klassifizierung nach

der Tragfähigkeit der Steifigkeit
Mj,Rd = Bemessungswert der

Anschlußtragfähigkeit
Mpl,Rd = Referenzwert S j = Anfangssteifigkeit
M j,Rd = Tragfähigkeit
S j,ini = Anfangssteifigkeit
Momenten-Rotations- Sj = Sekantensteifigkeit
Charakteristik φcd = Rotationskapazität
EUROCODES
Strategies for optimization
Structural system Distribution of internal Optimised joint

forces and moments
St1 St1 M
St1
1 St2
St2 St2
φ
Optimised joint Structural system Distribution of internal

forces and moments
c1 c1 St1 St1
M
St1
c1 St2
2
c2 c3 St2 St2
φ
c2
EUROCODES Design Tools

EUROCODES Common design rules for column, lateral torsional,
plate and shell buckling
Ed
Ed Ed b r
Ed sk Ed lk Ed t Ed
a
Ed/2
column buckling lat. tors. buckl. plate buckling shell buckling
α ult ,kE d = Rk
α critE d = R crit
λ=
Rk
R crit
=
α ult ,k
α crit
χ=χλ ()
1,20 1,2
1,2
1,00
EN 1993-1-1 1,20
EN 1993-1-1 EN 1993-1-5 1,0

EN 1993-1-6
1,0
a0 1,00
a
a
0,80
b b
0,80 0,8 0,8
c c a0
d χ
d
P
χp [-]
0,60
P 0,60 0,6 0,6
b
0,40 0,40
0,4 0,4
0,20 0,20
0,2 0,2
0,00 0,00
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 0,0 _
_ _ 0,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 λp [-] 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0
λ λ
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5
λ 2,0 2,5 3,0
χRk χα ult ,k
Ed ≤ 1≤
γM γM
EUROCODES
Test evaluation for buckling curves and γM-values
1,2
Column buckling 1,2
Lateral torsional buckling Plate buckling
KSL a0 KSL a0 1,2
KSL a A VBK a0
KSL a KSL b VBK b
KSL b KSL c Beulkurve für lok. Lasteinl. nach ENV 1993-1-5
1,0 KSL d B
1,0 Karman
KSL c Euler 1
C Einseitige Lasteinleitung a)
KSL d A
B Zweiseitige Lasteinleitung b)
KSL b
Euler D D Einseitige Lasteinleitung am Trägerende c)
0,8 A5.1: IPE160, S235 F
0,8 E
G 0,8
α=0,34
A5.2: IPE160, S235 H
I
A5.3: IPE160, S235
J
F
VBK b
χ [-]
A5.4: IPE160, S235 Z
χ [-]
0,6 G
αp=0,34
0,6
χ [-]
A5.5: IPE160, S235 0,6
A5.6: IPE160, S235 H
A5.7: IPE160, S235 I
0,4 A5.10: HEM340, S235
A5.11: HEM340, S235
0,4
KSL a J
Z
0,4
0,2
0,2
α=0,21
0,2 Fall b) Fall a) Fall c)
0,0
0 0,5 1 _1,5 2 2,5 3 0,0
0
0 0,4 0,8 1,2 _ 1,6 2 2,4 2,8
λ [-] 0 0,5 1 _1,5 2 2,5 3
λ [-]
λ [-]
EUROCODES Mechanical background of column- and lateral
torsional buckling
Column buckling Lateral torsional buckling

Fl
NEd M NFlEd My ,Ed
+ Ed = 1 Fl
+ Fl = 1
Npl,Rk My ,Rk Npl,Rk My ,Rk
NEd NEde * 1 Mz ,Ed Mz ,Ed NFlcrit * 1
+ =1 + Fl
e =1
Npl,Rk My,Rk N Mz ,Rk Mz ,crit My ,Rk M
1 − Ed 1− z ,Ed
Ncrit Mz ,crit
Fl
My,Rk M
e * = α⎛⎜ λ N − 0,2 ⎞⎟ e * = α⎛⎜ λ M − 0,2 ⎞⎟ Fl
y,Rk
⎝ ⎠ Npl,Rk ⎝ ⎠ Npl,Rk
= α *
=}α 678
1
χN + χN α ⎛⎜ λ N − 0,2 ⎞⎟
2
=1 λM 1
⎝ ⎠ 1 − χ λ N2 χM + χM α 2 ⎛⎜ λ M − 0,2 ⎞⎟ =1
N
λ Fl ⎝ ⎠ 2
1 − χM λ M
1
χ=
2
ϕ + ϕ2 − λ
( (
ϕ = 0,5 1+ α λ − 0,2 + λ) 2
)
EUROCODES Comparison of LTB-curves
χLT
Lateral torsional buckling
1,0 for GIT=oo
Lateral torsional
buckling for a beam
HEB 200
Bc a
Bc b
0,0
0,0 1,0 λ2,0
LT
EUROCODES “New” lateral torsional buckling curves
χ LT
λLT
EUROCODES Experiments
Experiments
in Aachen
Experiments in Berlin
Experiments in Bochum
EUROCODES Results of test evaluations
Test evaluation acc. to EN 1990-Annex D
Determination of γM-factors
EUROCODES Application of global slenderness concept
for a bridge supporting frame
Results of FEM
2150 kN
αcrit = 3,41
950 αult,k= 1,69
450
rigid lateral supports (for out
45
outer flange 450/60 of plane movements only)
/60
45 0/
0/
50 60
s =26 Slenderness ratio
450
R ie g e l
/40 298 kN
3000 α ult,k 1,69
450/40 λ= = = 0,70
αcrit 3,41
950
χLT =0,725
Flansche recht
s=18 wie links
s=18
inner flange: 450/60
all stiffeners: 450/18 Verification
Innerer Flansch: 450/60
6901 450/40
Alle Steifen: 450/18 χ α ult ,k ≥ γ M1
0.725 × 1.69 = 1.11 > 1.10
fork conditions
400
3000 2264 3136 3000
„fork“ conditions for in plane and out of plane movements
EUROCODES General method
Verification of a full member or of various

parts of a full member
Rk α ult ,k , Ed α ult ,k
λ= = =
Rcr α cr , Ed α cr
χ = χ (λ )
EUROCODES Singly symmetrical cross-section in
compression
Stress limits
Effective widths
EUROCODES General method bending
Small compression strains
Large compression strains

EUROCODES Justification of general method
Safety evaluation for all tests on plated structures examined
Input data
vrt = 0,08 (geometry und yield strength)
vfy = 0,07 (yield strength)
Results
Standardnormal distribution log-normal distribution
3 3
Quantile der Standardnormalverteilung
Quantile der log-Normalverteilung

2 2
1 1
0 0
0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
re/rt ln re/rt
b = 1,195 sδ = 0,106 b = 1,221 sδ = 0,130

vδ = 0,0888 (model) vR = 0,1196 (total) vδ = 0,1065 (model) vR = 0,1332 (total)
γM = 1,263 Δk = 0,890 γM* = 1,123 γM = 1,204 Δk = 0,890 γM* = 1,072
EUROCODES ECCS – New tasks – Responsibilities and
activities
Further
Maintanance Harmonisation Promotion
development
Responsibilities
Leading org. CEN / TC 250 Commission/JRC Commission/JRC CEN / TC 250

Support from JRC CEN / TC 250 CEN / TC 250 JRC
Activities
Member States Member States Member States Member States
Information Nat. Auth. / NSBs Nat. Auth. / NSBs Nat. Auth. / NSBs Nat. Auth. / NSBs
CEN / TC 250
Realisation CEN / TC 250 Commission/JRC Commission/JRC Europ. Techn.
Scient. Org.
EUROCODES Details of new tasks
CEN / TC 250 – Evolution Paper

1. Envolvement in reaction to problems of use of ECs
⇒ Background informations to National and CEN help desks
2. Envolvement in mechanism for convergence of NDPs
⇒ Background informations to JRC information platform
3. Envolvement in promotion
⇒ Technical guidance, design aids, seminars, workshops
4. Envolvement in further developments:
⇒ starter drafts + background documents for
• extension of EN-Eurocodes to the assessment and refurbishment
of existing buildings and engineering structures
• new Eurocodes for new materials as glass and FRP
• reduction of alternative methods by developing a unique European
solution
• unified testing procedures
• rules for zinc coating
• new materials for composite actions
• pedestrian bridges
EUROCODES Hop dip galvanized structures

EUROCODES Modern glass structures
Tribunal de Grande Instance (TGI) de Bordeaux

EUROCODES Modern footbridges

EUROCODES Modern footbridges – Dynamic actions due
to pedestrians
EUROCODES

EUROCODES

EN1993 2 Sedlacek

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EUROCODES

Background and Applications

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 1

Innovative rules in Eurocode 3

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 2

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 3

EN 1990 - Basis of design

EN 1991 Actions EN 1992 Concrete

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 4

NFPA 5000 BUILDING CODE

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 5

CPD – Construction Defines „Essential Requirements“

EN – Product Standards Tools to fulfil the

Guidance paper L: Application and use of the Eurocode

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 6

Testing of prefabricated Evaluation Calibration of Global

Design of construction works

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 7

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 8

EN 1090 – Part 1 „Delivery Conditions for prefabricated steel components“

hEN Eurocode: EN 1990 – „Basis of structural design“ EN 1090 –

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 9

Action Qk Definition γQ= Qd / Qk

Combination E(Q1 + Q2)

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 11

Snow Load on the Ground

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 12

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 13

Peak velocity pressure qb (2 sec)

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 14

Change of air temperature related to Tref = 10°C

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 15

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 16

Action Characteristic value Design value γQ

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 17

Effect due to wind

E w +s,k = E s,k + ψ0,w ⋅ E w,k ⇒ ψ 0,w

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 20

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 21

EN 1090 – Part 1 „Delivery Conditions for prefabricated steel components“

hEN Eurocode: EN 1990 – „Basis of structural design“ EN 1090 –

Conditions for numerical value of γM

Product standards for materials Execution standard Design standard

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 23

excluded by 1. Mode 0 Mode 1 Mode 2

Brittle fracture Ductile fracture

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 27

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 28

Safety assessment based on fracture machanics

Kmat,d (T27J, TEd)

Kappl,d (member shape, ad, ψ1·σEd)

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 29

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 30

Determination of KMat,d (TEd)

Material property Applied temperature

Modified Sanz-Correlation Wallin-Toughness-curve

KMat,d (TEd, T27J, ΔTR)

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 32

)TR for measured values

-90 -90 surface crack specimen,

Value of the safety

could be used up to TEd = -30°C and σEd = 0,5·fy(t)+σs

σσEd=0,5·f (t)+σ ; f (80mm)=335N/mm²

27J = - 30°C; ΔTRR = -7°C