STEPS FUNCTION MATERIALS LOCATION NOTES/LIMITATION

1. PLANNING Developing the buil - Support coordination bet - Architectural Drawings: In the office - Establish a realistic budget fo
ding plan ween development worke Detailed plans showing th r the project.
rs. e layout, dimensions, and - Keep thorough records of all
- Ensure linkages and con design of the building. project-related documents and
sistency between plannin - Structural Engineering P correspondence.
g, budgeting implementati lans: Plans detailing the st
on, and supervision. ructural elements and req
- Ensure the achievement uirements of the building.
- Specifications: Written d
of efficient, effective, equi
table, and sustainable use escriptions of the material
of resources. s and construction method
s to be used.
- Geotechnical Reports: In
formation about soil condi
tions and recommendation
s for foundations.
- Renderings and Visualiz
ations:
Visual representations of t
he building's design.
Analyzing the finan - To evaluate economic - Financial Statements: Th
ce trends is includes income statem
- Set financial policy. ents (profit and loss), bala
- Build long-term plans nce sheets, and cash flow
for business activity. statements.
- Identify projects or co - Tax Returns: Tax docum
mpanies for investmen ents are essential for asses
t. sing a business's tax liabil
ities and financial health.
- Business Plans: If analyz
ing a startup or new proje
ct, a business plan outline
s the financial expectation
s and assumptions.
- Historical Financial Dat
a: Past financial records h
elp in assessing trends and
making comparisons over
time.
- Industry Benchmarks: C
omparing financial perfor
mance to industry benchm
arks helps in assessing co
mpetitiveness.
Selecting the constr - A well-qualified team - Request for Proposals (R
uction team brings expertise and ex FP) or Bids: Create a clea
 STEPS FUNCTION MATERIALS LOCATION NOTES/LIMITATION
1. PERMITS AND INSURANCE I - A building permit give - Documents for permits In the local govern - Identify Required Coverage:
N BUILDING CONSTRUCTIO s you the legal permiss : ment office or agen Determine the types of insuranc
N ion to start constructio 1. Building Perm cy e you need, which can include
n of a building project it general liability, workers' comp
in accordance with app 2. Zoning Permit ensation, builder's risk, and mor
roved drawings and sp 3. Environmental e.
ecifications and helps i Permits - Regular Review: Periodically
nsure the value of your 4. MEP permits review your insurance coverage
investment. 5. Demolition pe to ensure it remains adequate
- A building permit allo rmit for your business as it evolves.
ws the building codes
official to maintain a r - Documents for Insuran
ecord of your construc ce :
tion project, regarding 1. Builder’s Risk
its completion in comp Insurance
liance with minimum s 2. Liability Insurance
tandards of safety, and 3. Workers’
to protect the public b Compensation
y reducing the potentia Insurance
l hazards of unsafe con 4. Professional
struction. Liability Insurance
- The building permit pr 5. Bonding
ocess will assist you in
enjoying your new bui
lding with the peace of
mind that it meets the
safety standards in you
r community and that t
he job was done right.
 STEPS FUNCTION MATERIALS LOCATION NOTES/LIMITATION
2. SITE PREPARATION - Soil Testing: Soil testing - Theodolite In construction site - Create detail construction site
helps determine the soil's - Measurement Equipmen data as information in building
composition, load-bearing t construction
capacity, and suitability fo - Excavation Equipment
r construction. This infor (Buldozer, excavator) to r
mation is vital for structur emove soil and prepare th
al design and foundation s e site.
election. -Safety Equipment includ
- Erosion Control: Prevent e safety (Barriers, signage
ing soil erosion is crucial t and personal protective eq
o protect the environment uipment) for workers.
and maintain site stability.
Measures like erosion con
trol mats and sediment ba
sins may be used.
Safety Measures: Implem
enting safety measures to
protect workers and the p
ublic during site preparati
on activities is a key funct
ion.
- Site Access: Creating ac
cess points for constructio
n equipment and vehicles
is part of site preparation t
o facilitate construction.

STEPS FUNCTION MATERIALS LOCATION NOTES/LIMITATION

3. FOUNDATION / SUBSTRUCT - To Support: Foundations
URE CONSTRUCTION provide a stable base for t
he entire structure, distrib
uting the weight of the bui
lding and its contents eve
- Concrete: Reinforced co
ncrete is widely used for f
oundation construction du
e to its strength and durab
ility. It can be poured as a
In the field construc - Engage a qualified structural
tion site. engineer to design the foundati
on based on load requirements
and local building codes.
- Ensure the foundation design
nly to the ground.
- Soil Stability: Foundatio
ns help to account for vari
ations in soil conditions a
nd prevent the building fr
om sinking or tilting due t
o changes in the ground b
elow.
slab, strip footing, or pier considers factors such as frost
s, depending on the specif depth, seismic activity, and wi
ic needs of the project. nd loads.
- Masonry: Bricks, concre - Select the most suitable foun
te blocks, and stone can b dation type for your project, w
e used for masonry found hether it's a shallow foundation
ations. These materials ar (strip, pad, raft) or a deep foun
e suitable for shallow fou dation (piles, caissons) based o
ndations and are often use n site conditions.
d in residential constructi - Excavate the site to the corre
on. ct depth and dimensions accor
- Steel: Steel piles or H-be ding to the design plans.
ams are used in areas with
challenging soil condition
s or where deep foundatio
ns are required. They prov
ide excellent load-bearing
capacity.
- Wood: Treated timber is
sometimes used for found
ation substructures, especi
ally in residential and ligh
t commercial constructio
n. It's common for crawl s
pace or basement foundati
ons.
- Helical Piers: Helical pi
ers are steel shafts with he
lical blades that are screw
ed into the ground to prov
ide foundation support, es
pecially in areas with unst
able soil.
- Gravel or Stone: Gravel
or crushed stone can be us
 ed for foundation substruc
ture in some cases to impr
ove drainage and distribut
e loads.

STEPS FUNCTION MATERIALS LOCATION NOTES/LIMITATION

4. SUPERSTRUCTURE Construction of - Provide Enclosed Spac
CONSTRUCTION roofs or siding e: The superstructure for
ms the enclosed spaces
within a building, includi
Installion of ng rooms, hallways, and
heating, other functional areas wh
ventilation and ere people live, work, or
air conditioning conduct activities.
Providing - Define Architectural St
adequate electric yle: The design of the su
and water lines perstructure plays a signi
connection ficant role in defining the
Provide architectural style and ap
insulation works pearance of the building.
as required to It contributes to the over
protect from all aesthetics of the struct
lighting ure.
Provision of - Space Division: Supers
waterproofing to tructures create division
the walls and organization within t
- Reinforced Concrete:
Widely used for its stren
gth and durability. It can
be cast on-site or precast
off-site for various struct
ural elements.
- Structural Steel: Used f
or its strength and versati
lity. It's often used in co
mmercial and industrial
buildings and can create
open, column-free space
s.
- Masonry: Brick, stone,
and concrete blocks can
be used for walls and fac
ades. They provide both
structural support and ae
sthetic appeal.
In the construction - Prioritize safety for workers
site and future occupants.
- Environmental Consideratio
ns:
- Verify that the superstructure
aligns with the foundation, inc
luding proper load distributio
n and compatibility with the s
ubstructure.
- Monitor the construction sch
edule
- Maintain open and effective
communication among all pro
ject stakeholders, including ar
chitects, engineers, contractor
s, and subcontractors.
- Keep detailed records of con
struction activities, changes /
documentations
Plastering and he building, providing se
finishing the parate areas for various f
walls and surfces unctions, such as living s
paces, workspaces, and c
Flooring works ommon areas.
- Provide Insulation: The
walls and roof of the sup
erstructure offer insulatio
Exterior and
n against external enviro
Interior painting
nmental factors, such as t
emperature extremes, noi
se, and weather conditio
ns. Insulation contributes
to energy efficiency and
occupant comfort.
- Support Cladding and F
inishes: The exterior of t
he superstructure accom
modates cladding materi
als (e.g., siding, bricks, g
lass) and architectural fin
ishes, enhancing the buil
ding's appearance and pr
otecting it from the elem
ents.
- Wood: Timber is comm
only used for residential
superstructures. It's versa
tile and sustainable, espe
cially in framing and roo
fing.
- Composite Materials: T
hese materials combine t
wo or more materials to
enhance properties. For e
xample, reinforced concr
ete with steel bars or Fib
er-reinforced composites.
- Glass: Glass curtain wa
lls and facades can be us
ed for modern building d
esigns, allowing natural l
ight and views.
- Precast Concrete: Prem
anufactured concrete co
mponents can be used for
rapid construction and qu
ality control.
- Structural Insulated Pa
nels (SIPs): These consis
t of a foam core sandwic
hed between oriented str
and board (OSB) or plyw
ood and are used for wall
s and roofs in residential
construction.
- Lightweight Steel Fram
es: Used in residential an
d light commercial const
ruction for their ease of a

STEPS FUNCTION
6. PUNCH LIST - Quality Assurance: It is
used to identify and docu
ment any remaining or inc
omplete work, as well as a
ny defects, issues, or discr
epancies in the constructi
on project. This helps ens
ure the final product meet
s quality standards and sp
ecifications.
- Deficiency Resolution: I
t serves as a checklist for
contractors and subcontra
ctors to address and rectif
y any outstanding issues o
ssembly.
- Aluminium: Often used
in curtain wall systems a
nd for lightweight structu
ral elements.
The selection of material
s should consider factors
like load-bearing capacit
y, climate, local building
codes, maintenance requi
rements, and architectura
l design. It's important to
consult with a structural
engineer or architect to
make the best material ch
oices for your specific pr
oject.
MATERIALS LOCATION NOTES/LIMITATION
- Written document (list o In the contractor off - Punch list should provid enou
f tasks items, or issues tha ice. gh detail for contractor and the
t need to be address befor owner to understand what need
e the construction project s to be corrected or fixed.
can be considered comple
te)
-Item description
-Photograph (visual docu
mentation of the issues)
 r incomplete tasks before t
he project is considered c
omplete.
- Coordination and Comm
unication: The punch list f
acilitates clear communic
ation between project stak
eholders, including the ow
ner, architect, contractors,
and subcontractors, to ens
ure everyone is aware of t
he remaining work and ca
n coordinate efforts to res
olve issues

STEPS FUNCTION MATERIALS LOCATION NOTES/LIMITATION

7. WARRANTY PERIOD - Quality Assurance: - As built drawing: As-b In the office - Duration: Specify the lengt
The warranty period uilt drawings are a set o h of the warranty period, wh
is a commitment f drawings and docume ether it's a limited time, lifet
from us to the owner nts that represent the fin ime, or based on usage or m
that the building will al, "as-constructed" con ileage.
meet certain quality dition of a building or i - Transferrable or Non-Tran
 standards. It assures nfrastructure project. sferrable: State whether the
customers that the - Warranty Agreement: warranty can be transferred t
building will A written document out o subsequent owners, if appl
function as intended lining the terms and con icable.
for at least the ditions of the warranty, - Costs: Clarify if there are a
specified period. including what is cover ny costs associated with war
- Consumer ed, the duration of the ranty claims, such as shippi
Confidence and warranty, and any limita ng or labor costs.
Satisfaction: tions or exclusions. - Consumer Rights: Ensure t
Offering a warranty - Warranty Registration hat the warranty complies w
give confidence in Form: A form that cons ith consumer protection law
consumers. It umers may need to com s and regulations in your jur
demonstrates that plete to activate the war isdiction.
the seller has ranty, providing their co
confidence in the ntact information and p
reliability of their urchase details.
product or service. - Proof of Purchase: Re
This can positively ceipts, invoices, or othe
influence purchasing r evidence of purchase t
decisions and build hat consumers need to v
trust with customers. alidate their warranty cl
- Product aims.
Improvement: - Warranty Certificate:
Warranty may use as A document provided to
a feedback to the consumer that serve
improve the design s as proof of warranty c
of their products. If overage and includes es
certain issues sential information abo
consistently arise ut the warranty.
within the warranty - Relevant Documentati
period, it can prompt on and Data: Any techni
improvements in cal specifications, qualit
 future product y control records, or rel
iterations. evant data supporting th
- Brand Reputation: e warranty claims and t
How well a he product's performanc
company handles e
warranty claims can
significantly impact
its reputation. A
positive experience
with warranty
service can enhance
the brand's image,
while a negative
experience can lead
to dissatisfaction and
damage the brand's
reputation.