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NCERT Solutions for Class 11

Physics Chapter 8 Mechanical
Properties of Solids

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On August 21, 2023, 9:47 AM

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 8

Mechanical Properties of Solids updated for
CBSE session 2023-24 with MCQ and Extra
question answers in Hindi and English Medium.
For topics that involve diagrams, graphs, and
visual representations, practice drawing and
interpreting them. Make sure you understand
the significance of each element in these
diagrams.

Class 11 Physics Chapter 8

Mechanical Properties of Solids
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Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 NCERT

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Class 11 Physics Chapte 8 MCQ

The ratio of the change

in dimension at right
Q1 angles to the applied
force to the initial
dimension is known as

[A]. Poisson’s ratio

[B]. Lateral strain

[C]. Shearing strain

[D]. Young’s modulus

View Answer

When the
intermolecular distance
Q2
increases due to tensile
force, then

[A]. There is no force between the

molecules.

[B]. There is an attractive force between

the molecules.

[C]. There is a zero resultant force

between the molecules.

[D]. There is a repulsive force between

the molecules.

View Answer

The maximum load of a

wire can withstand
without breaking when
Q3
its length is reduced to
half of its original
length, will

[A]. Be doubled

[B]. Be four time

[C]. Remain same

[D]. Be half

View Answer

An iron bar of length l m

and cross section A m² is
pulled by a force of F
Newton from both ends
Q4
so as to produce and
elongation in meters.
Which of the following
statements is correct?

[A]. Elongation is inversely proportional

to length l.

[B]. Elongation is directly proportional to

cross section A.

[C]. Elongation is inversely proportional

to A.

[D]. Elongation is directly proportional to

the Young’s modulus.

View Answer

Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 Topic –

Elastic Behavior of Materials
Any rigid object in the universe will change its
physical orientation and structure under the
action of an external force. A rigid body changes
length, volume, or shape when subjected to an
external force. After the external force is
removed, the body retains its original shape and
size. Thus, elasticity is such a property of the
body that when an external force is removed,
anyone tends to return to their original shape
(or) size. It shows opposition to change.

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For example, rubber bands. When a solid is

subjected to an external force, the object
deforms and the atoms or molecules that
compose it are displaced from their original
position, disturbing the state of equilibrium.
The displacement causes a change in the fixed
point, which results in changes in the
interatomic and intramolecular distances.
Therefore, deformation can be called a change
in the structure of any object due to the
influence of forces acting on it. The forces that
change the motion of these particles are called
deformation forces. Because we know that every
force has an equal and opposite force acting.
The strain force is the opposite of the restoring
force and acts in the opposite direction. Once
the deforming force is removed, the force
pushes the body back to its original position.

Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 Multiple

Choice Questioins

Out of the following

materials, whose
Q5
elasticity is independent
of temperature?

[A]. Copper

[B]. Brass

[C]. Silver

[D]. Invar steel

View Answer

Longitudinal strain is
Q6
possible in the case of

[A]. Gases

[B]. Only solids

[C]. Only gases & liquids

[D]. Liquid

View Answer

Hookes law essentially

Q7
defines

[A]. Strain

[B]. Yield point

[C]. Elastic limit

[D]. Stress

View Answer

The temperature of a
wire is doubled. The
Q8
Young’s modulus of
elasticity

[A]. Will decrease

[B]. Will remains same

[C]. Will become four times

[D]. Will also be doubled

View Answer

Stress and Strain

Stress
It is known that when a distorting force is
applied to an object, restoring forces are created
in the body. Therefore, the restoring force per
unit area of an object is called stress. The
restoring force is equal and opposite to the
deforming force exerted on the body. Stress =
Deformation Force (F) / Body Area (A)

Different types of Stress

There are following types of stress applied to a
material:

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Normal stress: Normal stress is defined as the

restoring force per unit area perpendicular to
the surface of the object. There are also two
types: tensile stresses and compressive stresses.

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Tensile Stress
When two equal and opposite forces are applied
to a round rod to increase its length, the section
of restoring force equal to the applied force F
perpendicular to the cross section of the rod is

called tensile stress. Therefore, tensile stress is

defined as a restorative or deforming force by

action. The unit area perpendicular to the cross
section of the body.

Compressive stress
When two equal and opposite forces are applied
to the end of a rod to shorten or reduce the
length of the rod as shown in figure (h), it is
called compressive stress. This compressive
stress is defined as the restoring or deforming
force acting per unit area of the archon
perpendicular to the body. That is, compressive
stress A Under tensile stress or compressive
stress, the resultant force acting on the object is
zero, but the object is deformed. Tensile or
compressive stress, also called longitudinal
stress.

Types of Strain

Longitudinal Strain: This deformation occurs

when the body is subjected to tensile or
compressive stress. Consider a rod of length
L. When a rod is stressed in tension or
compression, the change in its length is AL
Longitudinal deformation = Change in
length / Original length (L)
Volume Strain: This type of deformation is
the longitudinal deformation that occurs
when the body is subjected to bodily stress
or hydraulic stress. The original length or
longitudinal deformation is defined as the
ratio of the change in volume to the
original volume of the body.
Shear Strain: It occurs when the body is
subjected to tangential or shear stress.
Defined as the angle theta by which a solid
face initially normal to the fixed face is
rotated when subjected to a shear stress.
Tan (theta) = x/L

Class 11 Physics – Hooke’s Law

According to Hooke’s law, the force required to

stretch or compress a spring a certain distance
is proportional to that distance. Spring stiffness
is a constant factor characteristic. The elastic
properties show that it takes twice as much
force to stretch the spring twice as long. Hooke’s
law is a linear relationship between
displacement and stretch.

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The tension remains in the body as long as the

pressure is present, and when the tension is
removed, the body returns to its original shape.
Elasticity is the name given to this property of a
material. Hooke’s law essentially provides the
basis for elasticity and is therefore known as the
principle of elasticity or the law of elasticity.

Is Chapter 8 of Physics Class 11

difficult?
Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 is based on concepts.
It the chapter of understanding not for
cramming. The chapter 8 Mechanical Properties
of Solids will be easy if you follow the right
strategies and methods in preparing for it. After
studying chapter 8 of grade 11 NCERT and
solving the exercises questions, you must solve
the problems of the previous year in this
chapter on the physics exam. Focus more on
numerical problems and prepare a list of all the
formulas given in this chapter. With constant
practice and optimism, you too can master
chapter 8 of class 11 Physics.

What does the chapter 8 of class

11 Physics explain about
Intermolecular Force?

How can I score well in Class 11

Physics Chapter 8?

Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Chapter8)(MechanicalPropertiesofSolids)(Exercises)
(Class11)
Question8.3:
Thestress-straingraphsformaterialsAandBareshowninFigure.
Thegraphsaredrawntothesamescale.
(a)WhichofthematerialshasthegreaterYoung'smodulus?
(b)Whichofthetwoisthestrongermaterial? B
EAnswer8.3: の

(a)AmaterialhasthegreaterYoung'smodulus.
(bAmaterialisthestrongestinboth. Strain Strain

Foragivenstrain,thestressformaterialAismorethanitisformaterialB,asshowninthetwo
graphs.

A,
Young'smodulus=1,=
AL

Foragivenstrain,ifthestressforamaterialismore,thenYoung'smodulusisalsogreaterforthat
material.Therefore,Young'smodulusformaterialAisgreaterthanitisformaterialB.
Theamountofstressrequiredforfracturingamaterial,correspondingtoitsfracturepoint,givesthe
strengthofthatmaterial.Fracturepointistheextremepointinastress-straincurve.Itcanbe
observedthatmaterialAcanwithstandmorestrainthanmaterialB.
Hence,materialAisstrongerthanmaterialB.

Question8.4:
Readthefollowingtwostatementsbelowcarefullyandstate,withreasons,ifitistrueorfalse.
(a)TheYoung'smodulusofrubberisgreaterthanthatofsteel;
(b)Thestretchingofacoilisdeterminedbyitsshearmodulus.
EAnswer8.4:
(alFalse
(b)True
Foragivenstress,thestraininrubberismorethanitisinsteel.
stress
Young'smodulus,Y=strain
1

Foraconstantstress:Yastrain
Hence,Young'smodulusforrubberislessthanitisforsteel.
Shearmodulusistheratiooftheappliedstresstothechangeintheshapeofabody.Thestretching
ofacoilchangesitsshape.Hence,shearmodulusofelasticityisinvolvedinthisprocess.

Question8.5:
Twowiresofdiameter0.25cm,onemadeofsteelandtheothermadeofbrass
areloadedasshowninFig.8.11.Theunloadedlengthofsteelwireis1.5mand
1.5m
thatofbrasswireis1.0m.Computetheelongationsofthesteelandthebrass
wires. Steel

EAnswer8.5: L4.0kg
Elongationofthesteelwire=1.49×10-4mandElongationofthebrasswire
1.0m
=1.3×10-4m
Brass
Diameterofthewires,d=0.25m
Hence,theradiusofthewires,r=d/2=0.125cm 6.0kg
Lengthofthesteelwire,L1=1.5mandLengthofthebrasswire,L2=1.0m

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Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Chapter8)(MechanicalPropertiesofSolids)(Exercises)
(Class11)
Totalforceexertedonthesteelwire:F1=(4+6)g=10×9.8=98N
Young'smodulusforsteel:

Y,==
AL,
Where,AL=Changeinthelengthofthesteelwire
A1=Areaofcross-sectionofthesteelwire=n?
Young'smodulusofsteel,Y=2.0×1011Pa
FxL-=FxL 98×1.5
×10'm
A,XX,Tr'XX,=(0.125x107)×2×104=1.49
..AL =.

Totalforceonthebrasswire:F2=6×9.8=58.8N

A
Young'smodulusforbrass:12

Where,

AL=Changesinlength
A,=Areaofcross-sectionofthebrasswire
EXL, 58.8×1.0
=1.3×10*m
i.ALy -=.
7×(0.125×102}×(0.91×104)
Elongationofthesteelwire=1.49×10-4m
Elongationofthebrasswire=1.3×10-4m

Question8.6:
TheedgeofanAluminiumcubeis10cmlong.Onefaceofthecubeisfirmlyfixedtoaverticalwall.A
massof100kgisthenattachedtotheoppositefaceofthecube.TheshearmodulusofAluminiumis
25GPa.Whatistheverticaldeflectionofthisface?

ART
€Answer8.6:
EdgeoftheAluminiumcube,L=10cm=0.1m
Themassattachedtothecube,m=100kg
Shearmodulus(n)ofAluminium=25GPa=25×10°Pa

Shearstress A

DEMY
Shearmodulus,n=
-Shearstrain L
AL
Where,F=Appliedforce=mg=100×9.8=980N
A=Areaofoneofthefacesofthecube=0.1×0.1=0.01m2
AL=Verticaldeflectionofthecube

FL 980×0.1
..AL= ニ
An102х(25×10°)
=3.92×10-7m
Theverticaldeflectionofthisfaceofthecubeis3.92×10-7m.

Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com
(Chapter8)(MechanicalPropertiesofSolids)(Exercises)
(Class11)
Question8.7:
Fouridenticalhollowcylindricalcolumnsofmildsteelsupportabigstructureofmass50,000kg.The
innerandouterradiiofeachcolumnare30and60cmrespectively.Assumingtheloaddistribution
tobeuniform,calculatethecompressionalstrainofeachcolumn.
(Answer8.7:
Massofthebigstructure,M=50,000kg
Innerradiusofthecolumn,r=30cm=0.3m,Outerradiusofthecolumn,R=60cm=0.6m
Young'smodulusofsteel,Y=2×1011Pa
Totalforceexerted,F=Mg=50000×9.8N
50000×9.8
Stress=Forceexertedonasinglecolumn= =122500N

Stress
Young'smodulus,Y=Strain
F
Strain=A
Y
Where,
Area,A=I(R2-r2)=I((0.6)2-(0.3)2)
122500
Strain= =7.22x10-7
»(0.6)-(0.3)×2×104
Hence,thecompressionalstrainofeachcolumnis7.22×10-7.
Question8.8:
Apieceofcopperhavingarectangularcross-sectionof15.2mm×19.1mmispulledintensionwith
44,500Nforce,producingonlyelasticdeformation.Calculatetheresultingstrain?
tamAnswer8.8:
Lengthofthepieceofcopper,l=19.1mm=19.1×10-3m
Breadthofthepieceofcopper,b=15.2mm=15.2×10-3m
Areaofthecopperpiece:A=l×b=19.1x10-3x15.2×10-3=2.9×10-4m2
Tensionforceappliedonthepieceofcopper,F=44500N
Modulusofelasticityofcopper,n=42×10°N/m2
F

VARI
Stress
Modulusofelasticity,n= A
StrainsStrain
44500
..Strains= 3.65×10-3
An 2.9×10+×42×10°
Question8.9:
Asteelcablewitharadiusof1.5cmsupportsachairliftataskiarea.Ifthemaximumstressisnotto
exceed108Nm-2,whatisthemaximumloadthecablecansupport?
EAnswer8.9:
Radiusofthesteelcable,r=1.5cm=0.015mandMaximumallowablestress=108Nm-2
Maximumforce
Maximumstress=
Areaofcross-section
::Maximumforce=Maximumstress×Areaofcross-section=108×m(0.015)2=7.065×104N
Hence,thecablecansupportthemaximumloadof7.065×104N.

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Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Chapter8)(MechanicalPropertiesofSolids)(Exercises)
(Class11)
Question8.10:
Arigidbarofmass15kgissupportedsymmetricallybythreewireseach2.0mlong.Thoseateach
endareofcopperandthemiddleoneisofiron.Determinetheratiosoftheirdiametersifeachisto
havethesametension.

€Answer8.10:
Thetensionforceactingoneachwireisthesame.Thus,theextensionineachcaseisthesame.Since
thewiresareofthesamelength,thestrainwillalsobethesame.TherelationforYoung'smodulusis
givenas:
F 4F
Stress
ted'
A
Y = =. ...(i)
StrainStrainStrain
d=Diameterofthewire

Itcanbeinferredfromequation(i)thatYo
1

Young'smodulusforiron,Y=190×10°PaandDiameteroftheironwire=di
Young'smodulusforcopper,Y2=110x10°PaandDiameterofthecopperwire=d2
Therefore,theratiooftheirdiametersisgivenas:
d, 190×10° 19
dz V110×10°=Wii=1.31:1
Question8.11:
A14.5kgmass,fastenedtotheendofasteelwireofupstretchedlength1.0m,iswhirledinavertical
circlewithanangularvelocityof2revsatthebottomofthecircle.Thecross-sectionalareaofthe
wireis0.065cm2.Calculatetheelongationofthewirewhenthemassisatthelowestpointofitspath.
(Answer8.11:
Mass,m=14.5kgandLengthofthesteelwire,l=1.0m
Angularvelocity,w=2rev/s
Cross-sectionalareaofthewire,a=0.065cm2
LetSIbetheelongationofthewirewhenthemassisatthelowestpointofitspath.
Whenthemassisplacedatthepositionoftheverticalcircle,thetotalforceonthemassis:

"RI
F=mg+ml?=14.5×9.8+14.5×1×(2)2=200.1N
Stress FI
Young'smodulus= =Y=.A
Strain ^ AN

CADEMY
FI
:.Al=
AY
Young'smodulusforsteel=2×1011Pa
200.1×1
2.Al=
0.065×10-4×2×1011
=1539.23×10-7
=1.539×10*m
Hence,theelongationofthewireis1.539×10-4m.

Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Chapter8)(MechanicalPropertiesofSolids)(Exercises)
(Class11)
Question8.12:
Computethebulkmodulusofwaterfromthefollowingdata:Initialvolume=100.0litre,Pressure
increase=100.0atm(1atm=1.013×105Pa),Finalvolume=100.5litre.Comparethebulk
modulusofwaterwiththatofair(atconstanttemperature).Explaininsimpletermswhytheratiois
solarge.
€Answer8.12:
Initialvolume,V=100.0l=100.0×10-3m3
Finalvolume,V2=100.5l=100.5×10-3m3
Increaseinvolume,4V=V2-V=0.5×10-3m3
Increaseinpressure,Ap=100.0atm=100×1.013×105Pa
Bulkmodulus=
Др
=
Apxv,
Ap AV
V;
100×1.013×105×100×10-5
=
=2.026×10Pa
0.5×10-5
Bulkmodulusofair=1.0×105Pa
Bulkmodulusofwater2.026×10°
=2.026×10+
Bulkmodulusofair 1.0×105
Theratioisveryhighbecauseairismorecompressiblethanwater.

Question8.13:
Whatisthedensityofwateratadepthwherepressureis80.0atm,giventhatitsdensityatthesurface
is1.03×103kgm-3?
laAnswer8.13:
Letthegivendepthbeh.Pressureatthegivendepth,p=80.0atm=80×1.01×105Pa
Densityofwateratthesurface,p,=1.03×103kgm-3
Letp2bethedensityofwateratthedepthh,letVibethevolumeofwaterofmassmatthesurface.
LetV2bethevolumeofwaterofmassmatthedepthhandletAVbethechangeinvolume.

AV=Vi-W,=mp, Pr.)
AV R,

IWARI
-=1- …..(i)
Pr

Bulkmodulus,B=
_pV,
AV
AV
D
+
B

Compressibityofwater=
B
=45.8×10-1Pat
ADEMY
AV
=80×1.013×105×45.8×10-11=3.71×10-3
V,
Forequations(i)and(ii),weget:
1.03×103
1-PI=3.71×103=Pr
34×10°kgm
Pr 1-(3.71×103)=1.0
Therefore,thedensityofwateratthegivendepth(h)is1.034×103kgm-3.

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Last Edited: August 21, 2023

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