Building Materials & Construction II

(Arch 351)

LECTURE 2: ROOF

1. PITCHED ROOFS
2. FLAT ROOFS

Mesay Birhanu
Instructor

2 nd Lecture Thur 19/10/2023

Hope University College Faculty of Science and Technology Department of Architecture

Building Materials and Construction II

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - I COTM 2101

THE
BUILDING
SYSTEM
Building Materials and Construction II

1. PURPOSES OF A ROOF
2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF
3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROOFS - OVERVIEW
4. PITCHED ROOFS - COUPLE - COLLAR - PURLIN
7. PARTS OF A ROOF
8. ROOF COVERINGS
Building Materials and Construction II

DEFINITION
Roofs are horizontal or inclined upper cover (envelop) of a building that
shelter and protect the inside of the building from weather.
TION - I COTM 2101
 First Line of Defense against rain, snow,
and sun radiation.

 Insulates the building from extreme cold

and heat. Controls accompanying
problems such as condensation of water
vapor.

 Vital to the sheltering function of a

building.
Building Materials and Construction II

PURPOSE
Provide shelter from weather

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
• Structural Span across space and carry its own weight as well as any attached
element including accumulated rain and snow in order to transfer the cumulative dead
load on it to the supporting structural system.
• Sometimes support human live load.
• Resist Lateral loads such as wind and seismic forces, as well as uplifting wind forces.
• Insulate sound (e.g. sound of rain)
• Thermal Insulation (act as a barrier to exclude cold or hot temperature from the building)
• Resist fire transmission
• Facilitate Run off (rain water drainage)
• Provide Required level of visual privacy
Building Materials and Construction II

ARCHITECTURAL REQUIREMENTS
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - I
Roofs are strong visual elements in a building and thus affect the aesthetic
beauty of a building. COTM 2101
Shape color & surface characteristic roofs are important characters of the roof
to control in order to give the building good aesthetic appearance. Factors
affecting appearance: SHAPE/FORM, PITCH, SCALE, COLOR, TEXTURE
Which in turn affects, choice of materials.

Fig. good aesthetic appearance Fig. bad appearance

• Building Materials and Construction II
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF ROOFS

• Strength and stability

• Exclusion of wind and rain
• Thermal insulation
• Durability
• Sound insulation
• Fire resistance and safety from fire
• Protection from environmental forces like rain, solar radiation, wind, snow,

Should provide adequate thermal & sound insulation, Resistance to moisture

movement, condensation, wind pressure Facilitate drainage (run – off) An
acceptable appearance
Building Materials and Construction II

1. PURPOSES OF A ROOF
2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF
3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROOFS - OVERVIEW
4. PITCHED ROOFS - COUPLE - COLLAR - PURLIN
7. PARTS OF A ROOF
8. ROOF COVERINGS
Building Materials and Construction II

PERFORMANCE & AESTHETIC REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF

- Strength
Resist compressive and tensile forces
- Durability
Resistance to Wind
Resistance to Rain
Resistance to pollution
Resistance to rot and insect attack
Resistance to the forces of expanding and
contraction
Resistance to fire
- Drainage
- Aesthetics
Shape, color, texture and material of the roof creates different visual effects
Building Materials and Construction II

1. PURPOSES OF A ROOF
2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF
3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROOFS - OVERVIEW
4. PITCHED ROOFS - COUPLE - COLLAR - PURLIN
7. PARTS OF A ROOF
8. ROOF COVERINGS
Building Materials and Construction II

CLASSSIFICATION OF ROOFS
Roofs may be classified based on the following three ways.
1.According to the plane of the outer zone
2.According to the structural principles on which their design is based
3.According to their span.
Building Materials and Construction II

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE OUTER PLANE Pitched roofs and Flat Roof

Shed roof Lean to roof

Gable roof

Hip roof Butterfly roof

Flat roof
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE OUTER PLANE

Pitched roofs

Mansard roof Hipped gable Gambrel roof

Saw tooth roof Barrel roof Rainbow roof

Building Materials and Construction II
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE OUTER PLANE

i.Flat roof
When the outer surface is inclined at an angle not exceeding 10 degrees.
ii. Pitched roof
• Gable roof

• Lean to roof

• Hip roof

• Mansard roof

• Gambrel roof

• Butterfly roof

• Rainbow roof

• Saw tooth roof

• Pavilion
Building Materials and Construction II
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE OUTER PLANE
- Pitched roofs Parts of a pitched roof
Building Materials and Construction II

Architect:
Peter Zumthor
Building Materials and Construction II

Architect:
Dirk Donath
Universal World House
Building Materials and Construction
II

Architect:
LouisKahn
Museum
Building Materials and Construction II

Architect:
Gigon Guyer,
Museum Liner
Appenzell CH
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II

Pyramid or Pavillon Roof

Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II

FLAT ROOFS
Building Materials and Construction II

1. PURPOSES OF A ROOF
2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF
3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROOFS - OVERVIEW
4. PITCHED ROOFS - COUPLE - COLLAR - PURLIN
7. PARTS OF A ROOF
8. ROOF COVERINGS
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II

COUPLE ROOFS
Building Materials and Construction II

COUPLE ROOFS
Building Materials and Construction II

COUPLE ROOFS
Building Materials and Construction II

COLLAR ROOFS
Building Materials and Construction II

COLLAR ROOFS
Building Materials and Construction II

PURLIN ROOFS
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II

PURLIN ROOFS
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II

PURLIN ROOFS
Building Materials and Construction II

1. PURPOSES OF A ROOF
2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF
3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROOFS - OVERVIEW
4. PITCHED ROOFS - COUPLE - COLLAR - PURLIN
7. PARTS OF A ROOF
8. ROOF COVERINGS
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II
ROOF CONSTRUCTION

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE OUTER PLANE

ii. Pitched roofs
Parts of a pitched roof
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II

1. PURPOSES OF A ROOF
2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF
3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROOFS - OVERVIEW
4. PITCHED ROOFS - COUPLE - COLLAR - PURLIN
7. PARTS OF A ROOF
8. ROOF COVERINGS
 SELECTION OF ROOF COVERINGS
Factors to be considered:
Function of building, Preferences of the designer and owner
Building layout, Weight of roofing,
Climatic conditions, Fire exposure, Durability, Cost,
Appearance, Availability, transportation
On site assembly and construction problems

Maintenance requirement and cost

The control of sound within enclosed spaces is also an important aspect of roof
construction that needs due attention.
• The types of roof, roof construction, and roofing materials must be compatible in order
to ensure the desired performance.
• The proper selection of insulation, sealants, gaskets will provide interior spaces that are
free of wind and moisture.

Roof coverings
- Corrugated or ribbed metal sheets (Iron, Aluminium, Copper)
- ARCHITECTURAL SHEET METAL: lead, copper and terne (stainless steel or sheet steel)
with flat or standing seams
CIS 28, 30, 32, 35 gauge, EGA Sheets
- ROOF TILES (clay, concrete)
- Shingles (asphalt, sawn wood, shakes, slate, clay tiles or concrete tiles)
- ‘Onduline’ (synthetic, bitumen based fibres)
- Thatch (bundles of leaves, reeds or grasses)
Building Materials and Construction II
ROOF COVERING MATERIALS
i. Slates - ii. Plain tiles - iii. Interlocking tiles - iv. Corrugated Iron sheets - v. Concrete flat roof covering - vi. Flashing
ROOF CONSTRUCTION

PARTS OF A ROOF
n Roof Covering

iii. Interlocking tiles

CIS Corrugated Iron Sheet

Size=2mX1m
Fixing
End laps overlapping 100-150 mm
Side laps minimum of 1 corrugation
Minimum pitch not less than 100 -200
Purlin spacing 0.9 m c/c
Purlins fixed on truss system
Fixing of CIS on purlins could be done using nails, bolts and nuts, screws etc
Building Materials and Construction II
Building Materials and Construction II
Reference book