Addis Ababa University (AAU)

Ethiopian Institute of Architecture Building

Construction and City Development (EIABC)

Chair of Urban and Regional Planning

Third Year BSc. In Urban and Regional Planning

Course Title: Integrated Urban Land Use and Transportation

Planning (URPL 3111)

Group Name: Group _3_____

NAME: GEBREGZIABHER ANTENEH ID:UGR/4593/12

Reading Assignment 5 (Five)

Transport Demand Modeling /a Four-Step Transportation Planning Process

Given Date: November 19, 2021

Submission Date: December 03, 2021
 Third Year BSc. in Urban and Regional Planning Regular Program
Course Title: Integrated Land Use and Transportation Planning (URPL 3111)
Reading Assignment 5: A summary report on “A Four Step Urban Transport Planning Process”

TRIP GENERATION
The assessment of the numbers generated by an attracted to each zone known as trip generatio
This is the number of "created" journey endpoints inside the urban area.To put it another way, th
e trip generation phase of analysis forecasts total in and out of each zone in the study region, but
not where those flows are coming from (in the case of attractions) or going to (incase of producti
on).
Every trip has two ends, and we need to know where both of them are. The first part is
determining how many trips originate in a zone and the second part is how many trips are
destined for a zone. Because land use can be divided into two broad, category (residential and
non-residential) we have models that are household based and non-household based.
A trip end that is produced in a zone is called a "production." A trip end that is attracted to a
zone is called an "attraction." The convention for whether a trip end is a production or
attraction is based on the following two rules: A home-based trip is produced at the home and
attracted to the non-home end (regardless of the direction of travel). A non-home-based trip is
produced at the origin of the trip and attracted to the destination of the trip.
A set of equations is used to estimate the number of trips produced by and attracted to each zone
based on its residential and employment characteristics.
TRIP DISTRIBUTION
Trip distribution is the second component in the traditional four-step transportation forecasting
model.
Trip distribution is a model of the number of trips that occur between each origin zone and each
destination zone. It uses the predicted number of trips originating in each origin zone (trip
production model) and the predicted number of trips ending in each destination zone (trip
attraction model).
The decision to travel for a given purpose is called trip generation. These generated trips from
each zone is then distributed to all other zones based on the choice of destination. This is called
trip distribution which forms the second stage of travel demand modeling.
MODE OF TRANSPORT

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 Third Year BSc. in Urban and Regional Planning Regular Program
Course Title: Integrated Land Use and Transportation Planning (URPL 3111)
Reading Assignment 5: A summary report on “A Four Step Urban Transport Planning Process”

Mode of transport is a term used to distinguish between different ways of transportation or

transporting people or goods. The different modes of transport are air, water, and land transport,
which includes Rails or railways, road and off-road transport. Other modes also exist,
including pipelines, cable transport, and space transport. Human-powered transport and animal-
powered transport are sometimes regarded as their own mode, but never fall into the other
categories. In general, transportation is used for moving of people, animals, and other goods
from one place to another. Means of transport, on the other hand, refers to the transport facilities
used to carry people or cargo according to the chosen mode (animal, vehicle, car, airplane, ship,
truck, train and so on and so forth). Each mode of transport has a fundamentally different
technological solution, and some require a separate environment. Each mode has its
own infrastructure, vehicles, transport operators and operations.
TRIP ASSIGNMENT
The process of allocating given set of trip interchanges to the specified transportation system is
usually referred to as trip assignment or traffic assignment. The fundamental aim of the traffic
assignment process is to reproduce on the transportation system, the pattern of vehicular
movements which would be observed when the travel demand represented by the trip matrix, or
matrices, to be assigned is satisfied. The major aims of traffic assignment procedures are:
1. To estimate the volume of traffic on the links of the network and obtain aggregate
network measures.
2. To estimate inter zonal travel cost.
3. To analyze the travel pattern of each origin to destination(O-D) pair.
4. To identify congested links and to collect traffic data useful for the design of future
junctions.
Reference material
 Michael D. Meyer, 2010. Transportation Planning: A Decision-Oriented Approach.
Pages from 24 – 58)
 John M. Levy, 2017. Contemporary Urban Planning. Published 2017 by Routledge 711
Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017. Part 3 (Chapter 12; Transportation Planning pages
from 246 – 248)

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