ASSIGNMENT 4

CHAPTER 2: PHRASES & THEIR FUNCTIONS

I. Identify the FORMS, POSITIONS, and FUNCTIONS for the following italicized phrases, or
clauses.
SENTENCES FORMS POSIT FUNCTIONS
IONS
1. The text chosen by the instructor was up to date. Past participle P Aj-al Post N-al mod
2. Jenny admired the chip shot performed by Nicklaus. Past participle P Aj-al Post N-al mod
3. Sue objected to taking the test over. Present N-al DO
participle P
4. The girl taking the test over was Sue. Present Aj-al Post N-al mod
participle P
5. Karl open his book bag to look for his term paper. Infinitive P Av-al A(of purpose)
6. The desire to finish his term paper kept nagging at Infinitive P Av-al A
Karl.
7. His desire was to finish his term paper early. Infinitive P N-al SC
8. The coach, having diagrammed the play, waited for Present Aj-al Post N-al mod
questions. participle P
9. She danced keeping her eyes closed. Present Av-al A(of manner)
participle P
10. Open your eyes when you hear the bell. AvCl Av-al A(of time)

II. Make the tree diagrams for the following underlined phrases.
e.g. You have been drinking some cold water.

mod aux prog. Au lex.V post-det Aj NH

V:VP O:NP
1. You would n't have been caught

Mod.aux neg. Perf. aux pass.aux lex.V

V:VP
2. He can't have been being executed

Mod aux neg perf.aux prog.aux pass.aux lex.V

V:VP
Be: passive + past participle
Progressive + present participle
3. I haven't finished
4. It has been being heated
6. The girl quickly made her way to the post office.
7. An old man drove rapidly his car to the doctor's office.
8. He became a captain when the promotions were announced.
9. She’s got a very beautiful watch.
THE END & GOOD LUCK!
1. You wouldn't have been caught

Mod neg. perf. Pass. Lex.

Aux. Aux. Aux. V

VP

6. quickly made her way to the post office

det CdH
AvH lex.V det NH prep NP
A:AvP V:VP O:NP A:PP

7. drove rapidly his car to the doctor's office

Det NH gen
NP Det NH
 Lex.V AvH det NH prep NP

V:VP A:AvP O:NP A:PP

8. became a captain when the promotions were announced

Lex.V det NH AvH det NH pass. Aux lex.V

A:AvP S:NP V:VP

V:VP C :NP A:AvCl

9. a very beautiful watch

Deg.Av AjH
det AjP NH

NP

Chapter 1: Positional Classes

N-al: S, O, C
V-al: V
Aj-al: pre-N-al mod; post N-al mod, SC
Av-al: sentence mod, A (verbal mod)
Chapter 2: Phrases and Functions
NP: S, O, C, A
VP: V
[The school] [is] [closed to my house].
S:NP V:VP C:AjP
Verbs
1. Mono transitive V + DO
[He] [wants] [to do sth].
V O
S:NP V:VP O:InfP
2. Di-transitive V + IO + DO
I gave him a sandwich to eat.
3. Complex transitive V + DO + OC
He made me happy.
4. Intransitive V + (A)
5. Linking V + SC
Am I not good enough for you?
I’m not good enough for you.