International Mathematical Forum, Vol. 13, 2018, no.

5, 225 - 231
HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com
https://doi.org/10.12988/imf.2018.827

The Identity of Fibonacci Numbers Z6

Muslim∗ , Syamsudhuha and Sri Gemawati

Department of Mathematics
University of Riau, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
∗
Corresponding author

Copyright c 2018 Muslim, Syamsudhuha and Sri Gemawati. This article is distributed
under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribu-
tion, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract
This paper disscused identities of Fibonacci number in the
modular ring Z6 , that is relation of terms. The Fibonacci
number in the modular ring Z2 and Z3 have relation with
Z3 that 3Fn (mod 2) + 4Fn (mod 3) ≡ Fn (mod 6).

Keywords: Fibonacci Numbers, Identity of Fibonacci Numbers, Modular

Ring Z6

1 Introduction
The greater then should be our interest in the work Liber abaci - ”A book on
abacus” written by an outstanding Italian mathematician, Leonardo of Pisa,
who is better known by his nickname Fibonacci, short for filius Bonacci, which
means son of Bonacci. This famous book, published in 1202 [7].
Characteristics and identities of Fibonacci numbers can be found in many
popular publications on mathematics like Cassini’s identity and the Catalan’s
by Robert [5]. In 1990, Freek [1] presented the correlation of Fibonacci num-
bers and Pythagorean theorem. Moreover, in 2004, Magdalena and Adam [3]
provided 72 properties of Fibonacci numbers on integers. In 1996, Marc,
on his thesis, [4] wrote about the period of Fibonacci numbers for modulo
n, where 2 ≤ n ≤ 50. Furthermore, in 2013, Leyandekker and Shannon [2]
analyzed the structure of Fibonacci numbers at modulo ring Z5 . Follow the
idea Leyandekker and Shannon, this paper will expand to modulo ring Z6 .
226 Muslim, Syamsudhuha and Sri Gemawati

2 Fibonacci Numbers and Modular Ring Z6

Fibonacci number Fn is defined as Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2 for n ≥ 2 where F0 = 0
and F1 = 1 [6]. the values of Fibonacci Number at modular ring Z6 , is the
integer with modulo 6 is given in Table 1.
Table 1: Fibonacci Number at Z6

n Z6 n Z6 n Z6 n Z6
1 16 13 56 25 16 37 56
2 16 14 56 26 16 38 56
3 26 15 46 27 26 39 46
4 36 16 36 28 36 40 36
5 56 17 16 29 56 41 16
6 26 18 46 30 26 42 46
7 16 19 56 31 16 43 56
8 36 20 36 32 36 44 36
9 46 21 26 33 46 45 26
10 16 22 56 34 16 46 56
11 56 23 16 35 56 47 16
12 06 24 06 36 06 48 06

Table 1 shows that the value of Fibonacci number at Z6 will be repeat to

the initial value after the 24th rate (F24 ). The patterns of the modular residues
follow the form N 6 , 06 , N 6 , N 6 , M 6 , 36 , P 6 , M 6 , N 6 , 36 , R6 , N 6 in which the
numbers N 6 have the pattern 16 , 56 , M 6 have the pattern 26 , 46 , P 6 have
the pattern 56 , 16 , and the R6 have the pattern 46 , 26 . These patterns allow
the prediction of the class of Fn , and hance the right-end-digit (RED) from n
(Table 2).
Column I in Table 2 represents the values of Fn ∗ that are 16 , 26 , 36 , 46 , 56 ,
66 , then column II represents the terms of Fibonacci numbers corresponding to
the pattern formed which meets the value of N 6 , N 6 on that pattern indicates
Fibonacci number which has the value 16 , 56 since the number of N 6 found
in the pattern is 5, there are 5 groups in Fibonacci number which has value
of 16 , 56 they are 16 in the term of 23, 47, 71, · · · , 1, 25, 49, · · · , 2, 26, 50, · · · ,
7, 31, 55, · · · , 10, 34, 58, · · · and in the term of 11, 35, 59, · · · , 13, 37, 61, · · · ,
14, 38, 62, · · · , 19, 43, 67, · · · , 22, 46, 70, · · · .
Similar to Column II, column III indicates the terms of Fibonacci number
corresponding to the pattern formed which meets the value of M 6 , they are 26
in the term of 3, 27, 51, · · · , 6, 30, 54, · · · and 46 in the term of 15, 39, 63, · · · ,
18, , 42, 66, · · · .
Column IV represents the terms of Fibonacci number corresponding to
the pattern formed which meets the value of P 6 ; they are 56 in the term
The identity of Fibonacci numbers Z6 227

Table 2: Fibonacci Number at Z6

Column I Column II Column III Column IV Column V

Fn ∗ n for N 6 n for M 6 n for P 6 n for R6
06 12, 24, 36, · · ·
23, 47, 71, · · ·
1, 25, 49, · · ·
16 2, 26, 50, · · · 17, 41, 65, · · ·
7, 31, 55, · · ·
10, 34, 58, · · ·
26 3, 27, 51, · · · 21, 45, 69, · · ·
6, 30, 54, · · ·
36 4, 16, 28, · · ·
8, 20, 32, · · ·
46 15, 39, 63, · · · 9, 33, 57, · · ·
18, , 42, 66, · · ·
11, 35, 59, · · ·
13, 37, 61, · · ·
56 14, 38, 62, · · · 5, 29, 53, · · ·
19, 43, 67, · · ·
22, 46, 70, · · ·

5, 29, 53, · · · and 16 in the term 17, 41, 65, · · · .

In addition, column V indicates the terms of Fibonacci number correspond-
ing to the pattern formed which meets the value of R6 , they are 46 in the term
of 9, 33, 57, · · · and 26 in the term of 21, 45, 69, · · · .
Furthermore, the rates which are congruent with 06 appear in the term of
12, 24, 36, · · · and 36 appear in the term of 4, 16, 28, · · · , and 8, 20, 32, · · · .

3 The Identity of Fibonacci Number

The identity of Fibonacci Numbers is the correlation of Fibonacci Number

terms. Several identities of Fibonacci Number at modular ring Z6 are as
follow:
Identity 1. Multiplication of four successive terms of Fibonacci number is 0
at Z6
Proof : Fibonacci number Z6 which is having order 24 means that the terms
are repeated after the 24th term and its multiple. Thus, in order to prove
228 Muslim, Syamsudhuha and Sri Gemawati

this identity, the table of multiplication of four successive Fibonacci number

is showed in Table. 3.

Table 3: Multiplication of Four Successive terms of Fibonacci Number

n Fn Fn+1 Fn+2 Fn+3 Fn Fn+1 Fn+2 Fn+3

1 16 16 26 36 06
2 16 26 36 56 06
3 26 36 56 26 06
4 36 56 26 16 06
5 56 26 16 36 06
6 26 16 36 46 06
7 16 36 46 16 06
8 36 46 16 56 06
9 46 16 56 06 06
10 16 56 06 56 06
11 56 06 56 56 06
12 06 56 56 46 06
13 56 56 46 36 06
14 56 46 36 16 06
15 46 36 16 46 06
16 36 16 46 56 06
17 16 46 56 36 06
18 46 56 36 26 06
19 56 36 26 56 06
20 36 26 56 16 06
21 26 56 16 06 06
22 56 16 06 16 06
23 16 06 16 16 06
24 06 16 16 26 06

Table 3 shows that the multiplication of four successive Fibonacci

numbers is 0.
Fn Fn+1 Fn+2 Fn+3 ≡ 0 (mod n)2
Identity 2. The Multiplication of three successive terms of Fibonacci number
at Z6 obtains

Fn Fn+1 Fn+2 ≡ Fn2 Fn+1

2
Fn+2 (mod n)
The identity of Fibonacci numbers Z6 229

Proof : Similar to the prove of Identity 1, in Identity 2, Table below shows

the congruence Fn Fn+1 Fn+2 ≡ Fn2 Fn+1
2
Fn+2 (mod n) .

Table 4: The congruence Fn Fn+1 Fn+2 ≡ Fn2 Fn+1

2
Fn+2 (mod n)

n Fn Fn+1 Fn+2 Fn2 2

Fn+1 Fn2 Fn+1
2
Fn+2 Fn Fn+1 Fn+2
1 16 16 26 16 16 26 26
2 16 26 36 16 46 06 06
3 26 36 56 46 36 06 06
4 36 56 26 36 16 06 06
5 56 26 16 16 46 46 46
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06
6 26 16 36 46 16 06 06

From the Table 4, it is derived

2
Fn Fn+1 Fn+2 ≡ Fn2 Fn+1 Fn+2 (mod n)2
Fibonacci Number at modular Ring Z6 has 24 orders, the values of Fi-
bonacci Number at Modular Ring Z2 and Z2 can be used to simplify the
calculation in determining the value of the n term of Fibonacci numbers at
modular ring Z6 . By using this will be easier to be counted. In the following
Identity 3, the correlation between Fibonacci number at modular Ring Z6 and
Fibonacci number at Modular Ring Z2 and Z2 .
230 Muslim, Syamsudhuha and Sri Gemawati

Identity 3. ∀n, 3Fn (mod 2) + 4Fn (mod 3) ≡ Fn (mod 6)

Proof : Similar to the proof of Identity 1 and 2, in order to prove Identity 3,
since the highest order lies on Z6 is 24, the table of congruence 3Fn (mod 2) +
4Fn (mod 3) ≡ Fn (mod 6) will be displayed in table. 5.

Table 5: The congruence 3Fn (mod 2) + 4Fn (mod 3) ≡ Fn (mod 6)

n Fn (mod 2) Fn (mod 3) 3Fn (mod 2) + 4Fn (mod 3) Fn (mod 6)

1 12 13 7 16
2 12 13 7 16
3 02 23 8 26
4 12 03 3 36
5 12 23 11 56
6 02 23 8 26
7 12 13 7 16
8 12 03 3 36
9 02 13 4 46
10 12 13 7 16
11 12 23 11 56
12 02 03 0 06
13 12 23 11 56
14 12 23 11 56
15 02 13 4 46
16 12 03 3 36
17 12 13 7 16
18 02 13 4 46
19 12 23 11 56
20 12 03 3 36
21 02 23 8 26
22 12 23 11 56
23 12 13 7 16
24 02 03 0 06

From Table 5 it is derived

3Fn (mod 2) + 4Fn (mod 3) ≡ Fn (mod 6)2

The identity of Fibonacci numbers Z6 231

4 Conclusion
Based on the analysis and the development of previous identities, another
identity of Fibonacci Number at modular ring Z6 is obtained; for example,
the result of multiplication of four successive terms is 0 and there is a corre-
lation between Fibonacci number at modular ring Z6 and Fibonaci number at
modular ring Z2 dan Z3 .

References
[1] Freek Wiedijk, Pythagorean Triples, Formalized Mathematics, 3 (1990),
501 - 505.

[2] J.V. Leyandekker, A.G. Shannon, The Structure of the Fibonacci Number
in the Modular Ring Z5 , Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathe-
matics, 19 (2013), 66-72.

[3] J. Magdalena, G. Adam, Some Properties of Fibonacci Numbers, Formal-

ized Mathematics, 12 (2004), 307-313.

[4] Marc Renauld, The Fibonacci Sequence Under Various Moduli, Wake For-
est University, North Carolina, 1996

[5] Robert M. Solovay, Fibonacci Number, Formalized Mathematics, 10

(2002), 81-83.

[6] T. Koshy, Fibonacci and Lucas Number with Applications, Wiley Inter-
science, New York, 2001.

[7] N. N. Vorobiev, Fibonacci Numbers, Birkhäuser Verlag, Switzerland,

2001.

Received: February 20, 2018; Published: March 29, 2018