Answers   53

Sonar on ships
1. The bottom!
2. Submarines.
3. Fish.
4. Icebergs or whales.
3-D ultrasound of a the head of a developing foetus at 29 weeks
The sound is pitched too high for the human ear (above 20 kilohertz).

Making sounds (page 199)

1. a. Motion of the ruler Quality of the sound
Describe what the ruler looks or
Rapid up and down motion. ‘Twanging’ sound.
sounds like.
Is the motion/sound over instantly, It lasts a fraction of a
It lasts a fraction of a second.
or does it last? second.
Does the ruler go up and down the No, it moves a shorter and
Not applicable.
same amount from start to finish? shorter distance until it stops.
Is the volume of the sound the
Not applicable. No, it quickly fades away.
same from start to finish?
b. Yes.
c. The greater the size of the up and down movement of the ruler, the louder the volume of the sound.
2. Ruler with 10 cm overhang Ruler with 5 cm overhang
Describe the motion of the
Big Small
ruler (big or small)
Describe the pitch of the
Low High
sound (high or low)
The human voice
1. Because your vocal cords grow bigger.
2. Because their vocal cords are generally larger and less tense.
3. By stretching or relaxing the vocal cords – different tensions produce different pitches.
4. a. Turning its tuning peg.
b. Pressing a finger down on the string.
5. Its length.
Pan pipes
The great the volume of air in the tube, the lower the pitch of the sound.
Musical instruments
Instrument How is the sound made? What part vibrates?
Woodwind instrument, eg clarinet By blowing air across a reed. The reed.
Brass instrument, eg trumpet By blowing air through closed lips. The lips!
Percussion instrument, eg drum By hitting the drum skin. The drum skin.
Stringed instrument using a bow, By drawing the bow across the strings. The strings.
eg violin