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    09143410102012introducao A Fisica Estatistica Aula 10

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    Rafael Bonato
    The document provides equations for calculating properties of an ideal Fermi gas, including: 1) The density of states function g(ε) and the Fermi-Dirac distribution ρ(ε) as a function of energy ε. 2) Expressions for calculating the number of particles N in terms of integrals involving g(ε) and ρ(ε). 3) Equations for calculating the internal energy U and pressure P of the ideal Fermi gas in terms of N, the temperature T, and other constants.

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    09143410102012introducao A Fisica Estatistica Aula 10

    Uploaded by

    Rafael Bonato
    8 views12 pages
    The document provides equations for calculating properties of an ideal Fermi gas, including: 1) The density of states function g(ε) and the Fermi-Dirac distribution ρ(ε) as a function of energy ε. 2) Expressions for calculating the number of particles N in terms of integrals involving g(ε) and ρ(ε). 3) Equations for calculating the internal energy U and pressure P of the ideal Fermi gas in terms of N, the temperature T, and other constants.

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    09143410102012Introducao_a_Fisica_Estatistica_Aula_10

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    The document provides equations for calculating properties of an ideal Fermi gas, including: 1) The density of states function g(ε) and the Fermi-Dirac distribution ρ(ε) as a function of energy ε. 2) Expressions for calculating the number of particles N in terms of integrals involving g(ε) and ρ(ε). 3) Equations for calculating the internal energy U and pressure P of the ideal Fermi gas in terms of N, the temperature T, and other constants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views12 pages

    09143410102012introducao A Fisica Estatistica Aula 10

    Uploaded by

    Rafael Bonato
    The document provides equations for calculating properties of an ideal Fermi gas, including: 1) The density of states function g(ε) and the Fermi-Dirac distribution ρ(ε) as a function of energy ε. 2) Expressions for calculating the number of particles N in terms of integrals involving g(ε) and ρ(ε). 3) Equations for calculating the internal energy U and pressure P of the ideal Fermi gas in terms of N, the temperature T, and other constants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    10

    4πV (2m3 )1/2 1/2


    g() =  .
    h3

    178
    10

    g() 1
    ρ() =
    N exp(α + /kB T ) − 1
    4πV (2m3 )1/2 1/2
    = .
    N h3 exp(α + /kB T ) − 1

     ∞
    1 = ρ()d
    0
     ∞
    4πV (2m3 )1/2 1/2
    = d.
    N h3 0 exp(α + /kB T ) − 1

     ∞
    2Z x1/2
    N=√ 3 dx,
    πh 0 exp(α + x) − 1

    Z = V (2πmkB T )3/2

    x = /kB T
    ∞
    Z  exp(−jα)
    N= .
    h3 j 3/2
    j=1

    α≥0

     
    Z exp(−α)
    N ≈ 3 exp(−α) 1 + .
    h 23/2

    α
     −1
    N h3 N h3
    exp(−α) ≈ 1+ .
    Z Z23/2

    179
    α=0
    ∞
    N h3  1
    ≤ = ζ(3/2) ≈ 2,612375349,
    Z j 3/2
    j=1
    ∞ −x
    ζ(x) ≡ j=1 j

    N h3 ζ(3/2)
    3/2
    ≤ 3/2 ≈ 0,9236141622.
    Z2 2

    −N h3 /Z23/2
    ∞  j
    N h3  N h3
    exp(−α) ≈ − 3/2 .
    Z Z2
    j=0

     
    N h3 N h3
    exp(−α) ≈ 1− ,
    Z Z23/2
    α Z N

     ∞
    U ≡ N  = N ρ()d.
    0

    x = /kB T
     ∞
    2ZkB T x3/2
    U = √ dx
    π 0 exp(α + x) − 1
    ∞
    3 Z  exp(−jα)
    = kB T 3 .
    2 h j 5/2
    j=1

     
    3 Z exp(−α)
    U ≈ kB T 3 exp(−α) 1 + .
    2 h 25/2

    180
    10
       
    3 Z N h3 N h3 1 N h3 N h3
    U ≈ kB T 3 1− 1+ 1−
    2 h Z Z23/2 25/2 Z Z23/2
     2
    3 N h3 N h3
    = N kB T 1− +O .
    2 Z25/2 Z

     
    3 N h3
    U ≈ N kB T 1− .
    2 Z25/2
    U = 32 N kB T

     
    ∂U
    P =− ,
    ∂V S

    2U
    P = .
    3V

     
    N kB T N h3
    P ≈ 1− .
    V Z25/2

    181
    h → 0
    T → ∞ Z ∝ T 3/2

    N/Z ∝ N/V

    4πV (2m3 )1/2 1/2


    ρ() = .
    N h3 exp(α + /kB T ) + 1
    α
    α≥0

     
    3 N h3
    U ≈ N kB T 1+ ,
    2 Z25/2
     
    N kB T N h3
    P ≈ 1+ ,
    V Z25/2

    182
    α < 0 10

     2
    3 5π 2 kB T
    U ≈ N F 1 + ,
    5 12 F
     2
    2 N F 5π 2 kB T
    P ≈ 1+ .
    5 V 12 F

    T =0

    g() g()
    ρM B () = exp(−β) = exp(−α − β),
    Z N
    α ≡ ln(Z/N )

    β = 1/kB T
    α β

    g() 1
    ρF D () = ,
    N exp(α + β) + 1
    g() 1
    ρBE () = .
    N exp(α + β) − 1

    183
    g()
    + δ = exp(α + β),
    N ρ()

    ⎧
    ⎪
    ⎪ −1, ;
    ⎪
    ⎨
    δ= 0, ;
    ⎪
    ⎪
    ⎪
    ⎩ 1, .

     +d
    n()d
    n() ≡ N ρ().

    n()

     ∞  ∞  ∞
    n()d = N ρ()d = N ρ()d = N.
    0 0
     0  
    1

    g()
    + δ = exp(α + β),
    n()

    n() g()  δ

    N
    nF D () ≈ nBE () ≈ nM B () = g() exp(−/kB T ).
    Z

    kB T 

    nM B () N
    ≈
    g() Z

    184
    10
     ∞
    Z= g(),
    0

    N/Z ∼ N/V

    nM B () N
    ≈ 1, kB T .
    g() Z

     
    3 N h3
    U ≈ N kB T 1± ,
    2 Z25/2
     
    N kB T N h3
    P ≈ 1± .
    V Z25/2

    185
     2
    3 5π 2 kB T
    U ≈ N F 1 + ,
    5 12 F
     2
    2 N F 5π 2 kB T
    P ≈ 1+ .
    5 V 12 F

    g()
    + δ = exp(α + β),
    N ρ()

    ⎧
    ⎪
    ⎪ −1, ;
    ⎪
    ⎨
    δ= 0, ;
    ⎪
    ⎪
    ⎪
    ⎩ 1, .

    ρF D () ≈ ρBE () ≈ ρM B ().

    186
    10

     
    3 N h3
    U ≈ N kB T 1+ ,
    2 Z25/2
     
    N kB T N h3
    P ≈ 1+ .
    V Z25/2

    1 T
    cV ≈ Rπ 2 ,
    2 ΘF
    T ΘF

    24 2 ΘF 2
    π 3 T .
    5 ΘD

    cV
    lim = ,
    T →0 T

    187
    188

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