Nahially owning unstable materials emitsradiations in

order to become stable

the radioactive material will emit radiations until the
material becomes stable
all radioactive emissions are spontaneous which
means they are unaffected by internal conditions
such as rain and etc
all radioactive emissions are random in nature which
means radioactive emissions dont have a
fined
trend in emissions

Types
miom
Alpha Beta Gamma
pesthiety charged negatively charged high frequency
Hel nucleiparticle election e4 electromagnetic wave
Gocharge
greatest size less size than does not have
due he which alpha travels aparticle nature
it hasthe least
further than alpha and travels the
speed more penetrating furthest
leastpenetrating
power than
greatest penetrating
power and can
alpha can be power canbe
be stopped bypaperstopped by aluminium stopped by lead
 paper aluminium had
radioactive
alpha
III Beta
gonna

greatest
less ionising
leastionising power
ionizing than alphabet
will as it does nothave
power
more than
a positive
cause any charge
charge
gamma

Preautions whirling racecourse

use lead hired gloves clothes
Use lead hired container storing the radioactive
for
source
use tongs to handlethe radioactive source
Use meters or badges to keep track
film
the radiation dose at instant tune
of
use radioactive while
every of
symbol carrying out
enperimenti
I
e
 hands ofauctions
radiation
aposure tie can cause skin burns
and blisters
Can cause mutation due to radiation exposure
Can cause
harmful effects he the development
of fetus and cause abnormalities in the baby

Retihisaffadmation Gm Tube Geiger

Mullerthe
paneden The radiation's
413 t
emittedfrom the
radioactive source
cattuede ratemeter canter
A goes into the
courtmeter GM tube towardsthe
specific
electrode and it produces acounton the counter
The wit the counter is counts min and this value
for
shows the number
ofWitmannuclei present
in the radioactive material
as tune number countsdecreases
passes so the
as the number
of
unstable nuclei decreases
courts in of
hoofunstablenoofaunty
me
Nate when their is no radioactive source so
the detector still shows the counts win and
this Value is called background Counts
in my

The background countis due hi radiation

background
mm mm

of backgroundradiation
Causes

Cosmic into the earth's atmosphere coming

rays
the sun
from
radiations emitted
from the
surrounding
material emission radon
of gas
200
Cet 0 the initial court
background
4 will be equal to
court
the mass umber

It tmi
of
the radioactive
material x
constantvalue willshow
the background Count value halflife it is the tie
taken
halflife th
times here
for half
the unstable
constantvalue of
all the
half a
nuclei lie become
stable
material T half life 20days noo
2ockys
200
T 200days too 2ochys
keptfor Zodys
To
2520dm
Calculating halflife from formula
Zody
12.5
N No 2odys
2 gg
Lodys
3 125
N we unstablenuclei renewing
of todays
after n halfhues
No no unstable uncle
of initially
pusent
n no
half his
of
material X initial comb 700
Ny No
background want 50
3
N 400 halflife days keptfor
isdays
N 0.39
No unstablenuclei
of renewing
after is days
N 700 50
4
N 6507 20.31 conditions
Yz
Radioactive decay

alpha decoy radioactivematerialemitting

alpha particles
4235 He Th
massdecreasesbyh
Beta
92 preteen decreases
by L
day radioactive material
emitting beta particles
4235 member
proton who increases 1
materialtainting gainattayin
Gamma decay by

U Th we
effect on
energygun
who
encited
stated
off mens

and proton
winker on both hunker
male that total mess
sides remain conserved equal
Note that total proton umber on

both sides remain conserved equal

Moreover mass energy is conserved

Eustice relatintyconcept

E me if anymussaquuies speedof light

E
so that will be converted intoenergy
energy
m mais the material
of
speed light 3.0 100
c
of
 Mandar fusion Mylarfission
lighter wiki combine a heavier nuclei breaks

together to form aheaved to a

lighter nuclei
form
nuclei
helium
u
in ur t Batan
it nation 56 36
neutron
has a few
this process
requires a
requirement
of
bet temperature millions temperature therefore
of of it is possible on earth
C so it is wetpossible
onearth and stars sun and this reactiontakesplace
use this process as their source in a nuclearreactor

ofenergy
application
usedin starformation
fusion