explain the concepts of society state and government

Society is a group of people who share some common characteristics, such as culture, language,
religion, or ethnicity. They interact with each other and form social bonds and norms. A society can
exist without a state or a government, as long as there are some rules or customs that regulate the
behavior of its members. For example, a tribe or a clan is a type of society. ማህበር እንደ ባህል፣ ቋንቋ፣
ሃይማኖት ወይም ጎሳ ያሉ አንዳንድ የጋራ ባህሪያትን የሚጋሩ ሰዎች ቡድን ነው። እርስ በርስ የሚነጋገሩ ከመሆኑም ሌላ
ማኅበራዊ ትስስርና ደንብ ይፈጥራሉ። አንድ ሕብረተሰብ የአባላቱን ባህሪ የሚቆጣጠሩ አንዳንድ ደንቦች ወይም ባህሎች
እስካሉ ድረስ ያለ መንግሥት ወይም መንግሥት ሊኖር ይችላል። ለምሳሌ ነገድ ወይም ጎጃም የህብረተሰብ አይነት ነው።

State is a political entity that has a defined territory, a population, a government, and sovereignty.
Sovereignty means that the state has the power to make and enforce laws within its territory, and to
defend itself from external threats. A state can exist without a society, as long as there are some
people who recognize its authority and legitimacy. For example, a dictatorship or a monarchy is a type
of state. መንግሥት የተወሰነ ክልል፣ የሕዝብ ብዛት፣ መንግሥትና ሉዓላዊነት ያለው የፖለቲካ አካል ነው። ሉዓላዊነት ማለት
መንግሥት በክልሉ ውስጥ ሕግ የማውጣትና የማስከበር እንዲሁም ከውጫዊ ስጋት ራሱን የመከላከል ሥልጣን አለው ማለት
ነው። ስልጣኑንና ሕጋዊነቱን የተገነዘቡ አንዳንድ ሰዎች እስካሉ ድረስ አንድ መንግሥት ያለ ማህበረሰብ ሊኖር ይችላል።
ለምሳሌ የአምባገነንነት ወይም የንጉሳዊ አገዛዝ አይነት ነው።

Government is an institution that represents and administers the state. It consists of people who are
elected or appointed to make decisions and policies for the state. The government can have different
forms and structures, such as democracy, republic, or federation. A government can exist without a
society or a state, as long as there are some people who follow its rules and commands. For example,
a rebel group or a terrorist organization is a type of government..መንግስት መንግስትን የሚወክልና
የሚያስተዳድር ተቋም ነው። ለመንግሥት ውሳኔ እና ፖሊሲ ለማድረግ የተመረጡ ወይም የተሾሙ ሰዎችን ያቀፈ ነው።
መንግስት እንደ ዴሞክራሲ፣ ሪፐብሊክ ወይም ፌዴራሊዝም ያሉ የተለያዩ መልክና መዋቅር ሊኖረው ይችላል። አንድ መንግስት
ያለህብረተሰብ ወይም ግዛት ሊኖር ይችላል። አንዳንድ ደንቦቹንና ትዕዛዞቹን የሚከተሉ ሰዎች እስካሉ ድረስ። ለምሳሌ
የዓማፅያን ቡድን ወይም አሸባሪ ድርጅት የመንግስት አይነት ነው።

understand the purpose,elements,systems and formes of government

The purpose of government is to provide order, security, justice, and welfare for the people who live
under its authority. Different governments may have different priorities and goals, depending on their
values, ideologies, and historical contexts.የመንግስት ዓላማ በስልጣኑ ስር ለሚኖረው ህዝብ ስርዓት፣ ደህንነት፣
ፍትህና ደህንነት መስጠት ነው። የተለያዩ መንግሥታት እንደ እሴቶቻቸው ፣ አስተሳሰቦቻቸውና ታሪካዊ አገሮቻቸው የተለያዩ
ቅድሚያ የሚሰጣቸው ነገሮችና ግቦች ሊኖራቸው ይችላል ።

Some of the common purposes of government are:

To create and enforce laws and policies that regulate the behavior of individuals and groups within a
society, and to resolve conflicts and disputes that may arise.

To provide public goods and services that benefit the whole society, such as defense, infrastructure,
education, health care, and environmental protection.

To promote the economic well-being and development of the country and its citizens, by managing the
fiscal and monetary policies, regulating the markets and trade, and supporting innovation and
entrepreneurship.

To protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country from external threats and aggression,
and to maintain diplomatic relations and alliances with other countries.

To ensure the rights and freedoms of each human, such as the right to life, liberty, equality, and
dignity, and to prevent or remedy any violations or abuses of these rights.

To represent the interests and values of the people, and to ensure their participation and consent in
the political process, through democratic institutions and mechanisms such as elections, referendums,
and civil society.

The elements of government are the basic components that make up its structure and functions. Some
common elements are the constitution, the laws, the institutions, the officials, the citizens, and the
territory. These elements interact and influence each other in various ways, creating the dynamics of
the political system. የመንግሥት ዋና ዋና ክፍሎች መዋቅሩንና ተግባሩን ያቀፉ መሠረታዊ ክፍሎች ናቸው። አንዳንድ የጋራ
ነገሮች ሕገ-መንግሥቱ፣ ሕጉ፣ ተቋማቱ፣ ባለስልጣናቱ፣ ዜጎቹና ክልሉ ናቸው። እነዚህ ንጥረ ነገሮች እርስ በርስ የሚገናኙና
ተፅዕኖ የሚፈጥሩ ሲሆን ይህም የፖለቲካውን ሥርዓት እንቅስቃሴ ይፈጥራል።

The elements of government are the basic components or characteristics that define a political system.
Different types of government may have different elements, but some common ones are:

Sovereignty: The authority or power to make and enforce laws within a territory. Sovereignty can be
derived from the people, a constitution, a monarch, a deity, or other sources. ሉአላዊነት- በአንድ ክልል
ውስጥ ሕግ የማውጣትና የማስፈፀም ሥልጣን ወይም ሥልጣን። ሉአላዊነት ከህዝብ፣ ከሕገ መንግሥት፣ ከንጉሠ ነገሥት፣
ከእግዚአብሔር ወይም ከሌላ ምንጭ ሊወጣ ይችላል።

Legitimacy: The acceptance or recognition of the government by the people and other states.
Legitimacy can be based on democracy, tradition, charisma, ideology, or other factors. ህጋዊነት በህዝብና
በሌሎች ሀገሮች የመንግስትን ተቀባይነት ወይም እውቅና መስጠት። ህጋዊነት በዴሞክራሲ፣ በወግ፣ በተዋሕዶ፣ በርዕዮት፣
ወይም በሌሎች ምክንያቶች ላይ የተመሰረተ ሊሆን ይችላል።

Jurisdiction: The extent or scope of the government’s power over a certain area or subject matter.
Jurisdiction can be exclusive, concurrent, or shared with other levels or branches of government. ስልጣን
መንግስት በአንድ አካባቢ ወይም ርዕሰ ጉዳይ ላይ ያለው ስልጣን ስፋት ወይም ስፋት። ስልጣን ከሌሎች ደረጃዎች ወይም
የመንግስት ቅርንጫፎች ጋር ብቻ፣ አንድ ላይ፣ ወይም በጋራ ሊካፈል ይችላል።

Enforcement: The ability or capacity of the government to implement and uphold its laws and policies.
Enforcement can involve the use of force, coercion, persuasion, or incentives.ማስፈጸሚያ- መንግሥት
ሕጎቹንና ፖሊሲዎቹን ተግባራዊ የማድረግና የማስከበር ችሎታ ወይም አቅም። የግዳጅ ሥራ በኃይል መጠቀምን ፣ ማስገደድን
፣ ማሳመንን ወይም ማበረታቻመስጠትን ሊጨምር ይችላል ።

Representation: The relationship or connection between the government and the people.
Representation can be direct, indirect, proportional, or majoritarian, depending on how the people
elect or appoint their leaders and officials.ውክልና - በመንግስትና በህዝብ መካከል ያለው ግንኙነት ወይም
ግንኙነት። ህዝቡ መሪዎቻቸውንና ባለስልጣናቱን እንዴት እንደሚመርጥ ወይም እንደሚሾም ቀጥተኛ፣ ተዘዋዋሪ፣ ተመጣጣኝ
ወይም ማእረግ ሊሆን ይችላል።

The systems of government are the general models or patterns that describe how the elements of
government are organized and related. Some common systems are democracy, monarchy,
dictatorship, federalism, unitary, and confederal. These systems vary in the degree of power and
representation they grant to different actors and levels of government.የመንግስት ስርዓቶች የመንግስት ንጥረ
ነገሮች እንዴት እንደተደራጁና እንዴት እንደሚዛመዱ የሚገልጹ አጠቃላይ ሞዴሎች ወይም ንድፎች ናቸው. አንዳንድ የጋራ
ስርዓቶች ዴሞክራሲ፣ ንጉሳዊ አገዛዝ፣ አምባገነንነት፣ ፌዴራሊዝም፣ አንድነትና ኮንፌዴራሊዝም ናቸው። እነዚህ ሥርዓቶች
ለተለያዩ ተዋናዮችና የመንግሥት ደረጃዎች በሚሰጣቸው የሥልጣንና የመወከል ደረጃ ይለያያሉ። Systems of
government are ways of organizing the distribution of power and authority within a state. There are
many different types of systems of government, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
Some common systems of government are:

Unitary system: a system where the central government holds all the power and lower-level
governments only implement its policies. Examples: France, Japan, China. ዩኒታሪ ስርዓት፤ ማዕከላዊ
መንግስት ሁሉንም ስልጣንና ዝቅተኛ ደረጃ ያላቸው መንግስታት የያዘበት ስርዓት ፖሊሲዎቹን ብቻ ተግባራዊ ማድረግ ብቻ
ነው። ምሳሌ፦ ፈረንሳይ፣ ጃፓን፣ ቻይና።

Federal system: a system where the power is divided between a central government and several
regional or state governments. Examples: United States, Canada, India. ፌደራላዊ ስርዓት፤ ስልጣኑ በማዕከላዊ
መንግስት እና በበርካታ የክልል ወይም የክልል መንግስታት መካከል የሚከፋፈልበት ስርዓት ነው። ለምሳሌ ያህል ፣ ዩናይትድ
ስቴትስ ፣ ካናዳ ፣ ሕንድ ።

Confederate system: a system where the regional or state governments have more power than the
central government. Examples: Switzerland, European Union, United Arab Emirates. የኮንፌዴራቶች
ስርዓት፤ የክልል ወይም የመንግስት መንግስታት ከማዕከላዊ መንግስት የበለጠ ስልጣን ያላቸውበት ስርዓት ነው። ምሳሌ
ስዊዘርላንድ, የአውሮጳ ህብረት, የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬቶች.

Democracy: a system where the people have the supreme power and can elect or participate in the
government. Examples: United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil. ዴሞክራሲ፤ ህዝብ ከፍተኛ ስልጣን ያለውና
በመንግስት ውስጥ የሚመረጥበት ወይም የሚሳተፍበት ስርዓት ነው። ምሳሌ፦ ዩናይትድ ኪንግደም፣ ጀርመን፣ ብራዚል።

Republic: a system where the people elect or choose the leader of the government, instead of the
leader being appointed or inheriting power. Examples: France, United States, India. ሪፐብሊክ፤ መሪው
ከመሾም ወይም ሥልጣን ከመውረስ ይልቅ ሕዝብ የመንግሥትን መሪ የሚመርጥበት ወይም የሚመርጥበት ሥርዓት ነው።
ለምሳሌ ያህል ፣ ፈረንሳይ ፣ ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ ፣ ሕንድ ።
Monarchy: a system where the leader of the government is a king or a queen who inherits power by
birth or family ties. Examples: Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Spain. ንጉሣዊ አገዛዝ- የመንግስት መሪ በልደት
ወይም በቤተሰብ ትስስር ስልጣንን የሚወርስ ንጉሥ ወይም ንግስት የሆነበት ስርዓት ነው። ምሳሌ፦ ሳዑዲ አረቢያ፣ ዩናይትድ
ኪንግደም፣ ስፔን።

Communism: a system where the government controls all the means of production and distribution of
goods and services, and aims to create a classless society. Examples: China, Cuba, North Korea.
ኮሚኒዝም - መንግሥት ሸቀጦችንና አገልግሎቶችን የማምረትና የማከፋፈል አቅሙን በሙሉ የሚቆጣጠርበትና መደብ የሌለው
ኅብረተሰብ ለመፍጠር ዓላማ ያለው ሥርዓት ነው ። ምሳሌ፦ ቻይና፣ ኩባ፣ ሰሜን ኮሪያ።

Dictatorship: a system where the leader of the government has absolute power and rules by force or
fear. Examples: Syria, Iran, Zimbabwe. አምባገነንነት - የመንግስት መሪ በሃይል ወይም በፍርሃት ፍፁም ስልጣንና
ደንብ ያለው ስርዓት ነው። ምሳሌ፦ ሶርያ፣ ኢራን፣ ዚምባብዌ።

The forms of government are the specific variations or examples of the systems of government that
exist in the real world. Some common forms are presidential, parliamentary, constitutional, absolute,
republic, and monarchy. These forms differ in the details of how the executive, legislative, and judicial
branches are selected and operate.የመንግሥት ዓይነቶች በገሃዱ ዓለም ውስጥ ያሉ የመንግሥት ሥርዓቶች ለየት ያሉ
ልዩነቶች ወይም ምሳሌዎች ናቸው ። አንዳንድ የተለመዱ ትርጉሞች ፕሬዝዳንት፣ ፓርላማ፣ ህገ-መንግስታዊ፣ ፍፁም፣
ሪፐብሊክ እና ንጉሣዊ አገዛዝ ናቸው። እነዚህ ቅጾች የሥራ አስፈፃሚው፣ የህግ እና የዳኝነት ቅርንጫፎች እንዴት
እንደሚመረጡና እንዴት እንደሚሰሩ በዝርዝር ይለያያሉ።

9 of the Most Common Types of Government Systems are;

Monarchy

A monarchy is a government system where a single person is the leader of the nation or state. The
leader is appointed and their term lasts for their entire life. When the leader is drawing to the end of
his life or dies unexpectedly the successor who replaces them is a member in their royal line. Basically
their family will rule and govern the people continually and when one dies, the other steps up.

This succession happens in order, so if the leader of the monarchy was a man with three sons, after he
died the rule of the nation would pass to his first born son. Throughout history this has been one of
the most common government systems and is the one most often thought of when we think of
government rule pre 19th and 20th century.

There are two types of monarchy systems.

Constitutional Monarchy

Absolute Monarchy

In a constitutional monarchy, the ruler has limited power that is written and expressed in a
constitution. While Absolute Monarchies are when the ruler has unlimited power. There are still a
good amount of monarchies still run today in our world. ንጉሣዊ አገዛዝ አንድ ነጠላ ሰው የሀገር ወይም
የመንግሥት መሪ የሆነበት የመንግሥት ሥርዓት ነው። መሪው ይሾማል፤ ዕድሜያቸውም ሙሉ ይቆያል። መሪው ወደ ህይወቱ
ፍፃሜ ሲሳብ ወይም ባልተጠበቀ ሁኔታ ሲሞት የሚተካቸው ተተኪ በንጉሳዊ መስመራቸው አባል ነው። በመሠረቱ ቤተሰባቸው
ሕዝቡን ያለማቋረጥ ይገዛል እንዲሁም ያስተዳድራል ፤ አንዱ ሲሞት ሌላኛው ደግሞ ወደ ላይ ይወጣል ። ይህ ተተኪነት
በቅደም ተከተል ይፈጸማል፤ ስለዚህ የንጉሠ ነገሥቱ መሪ ሶስት ወንዶች ልጆች ያሉበት ሰው ቢሆን ኖሮ፣

2) Oligarchy

An oligarchy is a government system where a group of individuals form a group and rule over a nation.
This group is able to rule together due to an aspect they possess that gives them power over others in
their ruling state.

This is in the form of things such as their wealth, ethnicity or race, and family line just to name a few
examples. Within Oligarchies, there is no representation or influence by the people. Oligarchies are
not democratic in any way as the collection of rulers possess total authoritative power. Modern day
Iran is considered by some to be an oligarchy. The country is ruled by a group of individuals who share
similar views as religious leaders. ኦሊጋርክነት የግለሰቦች ቡድን አቋቁሞ በብሔር ላይ የሚገዛበት የመንግሥት
ሥርዓት ነው። ይህ ቡድን በገዛ አገራቸው ውስጥ በሌሎች ላይ ሥልጣን በሚሰጣቸው ገጽታ ምክንያት አብረው መግዛት
ይችላሉ።

ይህ የሆነው ጥቂት ምሳሌዎችን ለመጥቀስ ብቻ እንደ ሀብታቸው ፣ ጎሣቸው ወይም ዘራቸው እንዲሁም የቤተሰብ
መስመራቸው ባሉ ነገሮች ነው ። በኦሊጋርኪስ ውስጥ የህዝብ ወካይነትም ሆነ ተፅዕኖ የለም። የወያኔዎች ስብስብ ቶታ
እንዳለው ኦሊጋርኪዎች በምንም መልኩ ዴሞክራሲያዊ አይደሉም

3) Democracy

A government system where people are able and encouraged to elect their leadership themselves is
known as a democracy.

The goal of a democratic society is to prevent the abuses of power as well as empower fairness. In
theory what makes a democracy great is that the elected leader is elected by the majority of the
country/state. Because the leaders have to win the majority vote, the candidates who run for election
have to make sure that they adhere to the wants and needs of the people.

The most well known example of a democracy is the modern United States of America. The country
was founded after individuals rebelled against the British monarchy with the hopes of establishing a
government where citizens had a say in who ruled the nation. The only time citizen laws are taken
away is if martial law is in effect.

4) Aristocracy

Aristocracies or an Aristocratic government system, is a form of government that has a small ruling
class at the top of leadership. The rich, elite group rules the country over individuals who are of lower
socioeconomic status.

An aristocracy may sound similar in definition to an oligarchy but there is a key difference. An
oligarchy is “the rule by the few”, while an aristocracy is “the rule by the best”.

Aristocracies are founded upon the belief that riches and oftentimes, a certain race gives individuals
the power and right to rule. Hence, why in aristocratic societies individuals who possess great wealth
or are a certain race are able to rule over less privileged and wealthy people. Aristocracy as a system
of government has fizzled out and has been dormant as a system of government since the early 20th
century. አርስቶክራሲያዊ ወይም አርስቶክራሲያዊ የመንግስት ስርዓት ነው። በአመራር አናት ላይ አነስተኛ የገዥ መደብ
ያለው የመንግስት አይነት ነው። ሀብታሞችና የተመረጡ ሰዎች ዝቅተኛ የኑሮ ደረጃ ባላቸው ግለሰቦች ላይ አገሪቱን ይገዛሉ።
አንድ ባለ ሥልጣን ከኦሊጋርክነት ፍቺ ጋር ተመሳሳይ ሊመስል ቢችልም አንድ ቁልፍ ልዩነት አለ ። ኦሊጋርክነት "የጥቂቶች
አገዛዝ" ሲሆን አንድ ባለሥልጣን ደግሞ "በምርጥ አገዛዝ" ነው። አርስቶክራሲዎች የተመሰረቱት ባለጠግነትና ብዙ ጊዜ፣ አንድ
የተወሰነ የዘር ጂ

5) Totalitarianism

A totalitarian government system is a system where a political party is in control of the lives of citizens
completely. Both public and private matters are controlled by the ruling party and must adhere to
their ruling ideology.

In a totalitarian society the ruling person or peoples are chosen with the absence of an alternative
ruling option. A totalitarian society rules based on an ideology.

A contemporary example of a totalitarian government system is the country of North Korea. Under the
command of leader Kim Jong-Un, the North Korean government imposes a belief and philosophy of
natural excellence in that their nation is a triumph above the rest of the world and there must be great
reverence toward their military might. አምባገነናዊ የመንግስት ስርዓት አንድ የፖለቲካ ፓርቲ የዜጎችን ህይወት ሙሉ
በሙሉ የሚቆጣጠርበት ስርአት ነው። የህዝብም ሆነ የግል ጉዳዮች በገዥው ፓርቲ ቁጥጥር ስር ሲሆኑ የአገዛዙን አስተሳሰብ
መከተል አለባቸው። በአምባገነን ማህበረሰብ ውስጥ ገዢው ሰው ወይም ህዝብ የሚመረጠው አማራጭ የወያኔ አማራጭ
በሌለበት ነው። አንድ አምባገነናዊ ኅብረተሰብ የሚገዛው በአመለካከት ላይ ተመሥርቶ ነው ። በዘመኑ የአንድ አምባገነናዊ
መንግሥት ሥርዓት ምሳሌ የሰሜን ኮርያ አገር ነው። ከዚህ በታች

6) Communist

A communist government system seeks to eliminate socioeconomic class by removing private

ownership and distributing goods to people as needed. This system is run most of the time by an
authoritarian ruling system.

In a communist system there is no private property and nearly all public, and private goods are
controlled by the ruling state.

The country of Cuba is a long running communist country with the system outlined and stated in their
own constitution. አንድ የኮሚኒስት መንግሥት ሥርዓት የግል ንብረትን በማስወገድና አስፈላጊ ሆኖ ሲገኝ ሸቀጦችን
ለሰዎች በማከፋፈል የማህበራዊ ኢኮኖሚያዊ መደብን ለማስወገድ ይጥራል ። ይህ ስርዓት አብዛኛውን ጊዜ የሚመራው
በፈላጭ ቆራጭ አገዛዝ ስርዓት ነው። በኮሚኒስት ሥርዓት ውስጥ የግል ንብረትም ሆነ ሁሉም ማለት ይቻላል የሕዝብ ንብረት
የለም ለማለት ይቻላል ፤ እንዲሁም የግል ንብረቶች በገዢው መንግሥት ቁጥጥር ሥር ናቸው ። የኩባ አገር በራሳቸው ሕገ
መንግሥት ውስጥ የተገለጸውና የተገለጸው ሥርዓት ያላት ለረጅም ጊዜ የቆየች ኮሚኒስት አገር ናት።

7) Socialist

A socialist society seeks to have citizens share economic resources under the provision of the
democratically elected ruler.

Socialism or a socialist government system is a system where all citizens own equal factors of public
property and goods. The socialist system seeks to allow citizens to cooperate and receive full benefits
of the country’s economic benefits.

It is easy to get socialism and communism mixed up as they sound very similar, however there are a
few key differences to remember.

Socialist countries are often democratic in some form while communist countries are not democratic
at all.

In Communist countries all resources are owned by the government while in socialist countries
individuals own some personal property.

Class distinction still remains in some forms in socialst countries even as the wealth is relatively similar
between citizens. In communist countries class is virtually eliminated and there is no ability for citizens
to earn more than their counterparts.

Scandinavian countries like Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway are known for their socialist
government systems. In these systems they use socialism to create a shared group of their resources
while implementing elements of free market capitalism to create private wealth. አንድ የሶሻሊዝም
ማህበረሰብ በዴሞክራሲያዊ መንገድ በተመረጠው ገዥ ስር ዜጎች የኢኮኖሚ ሃብት እንዲጋሩ ለማድረግ ይጥራል። ሶሻሊዝም
ወይም ሶሻሊዝም የመንግስት ስርዓት ሁሉም ዜጋ እኩል የህዝብ ንብረትና ሸቀጣ ሸቀጥ ባለቤት የሆነበት ስርዓት ነው።
የሶሻሊዝም ስርዓት ዜጎች በሀገሪቱ የኢኮኖሚ ተጠቃሚነት እንዲተባበሩና ሙሉ ጥቅም እንዲያገኙ ለማስቻል ይጥራል።
ሶሻሊዝምና ኮሚኒዝም በጣም ተመሳሳይ ሆነው ሲሰሙ በቀላሉ መደባለቅ ይቻላል። ይሁን እንጂ ለሪሜምብ ጥቂት ቁልፍ
ልዩነቶች አሉ

8) Dictatorship

A dictatorship is a system where a single person rules over a country by force. A dictatorship is the
opposite of a democracy. Instead of choosing a leader out of a set of options, instead a leader
appoints themself in power and keeps power through brutal means.

The difference between a dictatorship and a totalitarian government system is that a dictator either
appoints themself or forces the people to choose them. The rule of Adolf Hitler as leader of Germany
is the most well known example of a dictatorship.

Under his rule, the country of Germany was subjected to the complete power and authority of Adolf
Hitler leading him to carry out with his leadership gross crimes against humanity. አምባገነንነት አንድ
ነጠላ ሰው ሀገርን በሃይል የሚገዛበት ስርአት ነው። አምባገነንነት የዴሞክራሲ ተቃራኒ ነው። መሪን ከመምረጥ ይልቅ እራሱን
በስልጣን ላይ ይሾማል እና ስልጣንን በጨካኝ መንገድ ያስጠብቃል። በአምባገነን ስርዓትና በአምባገነናዊ መንግስት ስርዓት
መካከል ያለው ልዩነት አንድ አምባገነን ራሱን ሾመ ወይም ህዝብ እንዲመርጥ ማስገደድ ነው። የአዶልፍ ሂትለር አገዛዝ
የጀርመን መሪ መሆኑ በጣም የታወቀ ምሳሌ ነው

9) Colonialism

A colonial government system is based on a country moving outward to new territories and
conquering them. This system is based on conquering new territories and spaces in an effort to take
resources and aid for a country. Historically colonial government systems were used along with
monarchies. Countries like Spain and Britain would launch out into the new world with fleets of
explorers and soldiers discovering new territories to use for their purposes. In fact it was this exact
colonial system that led to the foundation of the United States of America. የቅኝ አገዛዝ ስርዓት
የተመሰረተው ወደ አዳዲስ ክልሎች ወደ ውጪ እየተንቀሳቀሰ ችግራቸውን የሚያሸንፍ ሀገር ላይ ነው። ይህ ሥርዓት ለአንድ
አገር ሀብትና እርዳታ ለመውሰድ ሲባል አዳዲስ ክልሎችንና ቦታዎችን ድል በማድረግ ላይ የተመሠረተ ነው ። በታሪክ ቅኝ
ግዛት የነበሩ የመንግሥት ሥርዓቶች ከንጉሦች ጋር ጥቅም ላይ ውለው ነበር። እንደ ስፔይንና ብሪታንያ ያሉ አገሮች ለዓላማቸው
የሚጠቀሙባቸውን አዳዲስ ክልሎች የሚፈልሱ አሳሾችና ወታደሮች ይዘው ወደ አዲሱ ዓለም ይወርዳሉ። እንዲያውም ይህ
ልክ ቅኝ ግዛት ሲስቲ ነበር

compare and contrest the various theories of state and society የተለያዩ የሀገርና የህብረተሰብ ንድፈ ሀሳቦችን
አወዳድሮ እና ያሸበረቀ

Pluralism: This theory argues that state and society are composed of multiple groups and interests
that compete and cooperate for power and resources. The state is seen as a neutral arbiter that
balances the demands of different groups and ensures the public interest. Pluralism emphasizes the
diversity and autonomy of civil society and the importance of democratic participation and
representation. ብዙ ሃሳብ- ይህ ፅንሰ ሃሳብ መንግስትና ህብረተሰብ ለስልጣንና ሀብት በሚፎካከሩና በሚተባበሩ በርካታ
ቡድኖችና ፍላጎቶች የተዋቀረ ነው በማለት ይከራከራል። መንግሥት የተለያዩ ቡድኖችን ፍላጎት ሚዛናዊ በሆነ መንገድ
የሚጠብቅና የሕዝቡን ጥቅም የሚጠብቅ ገለልተኛ ፈርጅ ተደርጎ ይታያል። ብዙሃኑነት የሲቪል ማህበረሰብን ልዩነትና የራስ
ገዝነት እንዲሁም የዴሞክራሲ ተሳትፎን እና ወኪሌ 12 ን አስፈላጊነት ያጎላል።

Managerialism: This theory views the state and society as a complex system that requires efficient and
rational management by experts and bureaucrats. The state is seen as a problem-solver that
intervenes in various domains of society to provide public goods and services, regulate markets, and
promote social welfare. Managerialism emphasizes the role of the state as a provider and regulator of
society and the importance of technical expertise and administrative competence. አስተዳዳሪነት - ይህ
ፅንሰ-ሃሳብ የመንግስትንና የህብረተሰብን ባለሙያዎችእና ቢሮክራቶች ውጤታማና ምክንያታዊ አስተዳደርን የሚጠይቅ
ውስብስብ ስርዓት አድርጎ ይመለከተዋል። መንግስት በተለያዩ የህብረተሰብ ክፍሎች ውስጥ ጣልቃ ገብቶ የህዝብ ሸቀጦችንና
አገልግሎቶችን ለማቅረብ፣ ገበያዎችን ለመቆጣጠር እና ማህበራዊ ደህንነትን ለማስፈን የሚሰራ ችግር መፍትሄ ሆኖ ይታያል።
አስተዳዳሪነት መንግሥት የህብረተሰቡን አቅራቢና ተቆጣጣሪነት ሚና እንዲሁም የቴክኒክ ክህሎትና የአስተዳደር ብቃት
አስፈላጊነት አጉልቶ ያስረዳል
Class theory: This theory contends that state and society are structured by the conflict and domination
of different classes, especially the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The state is seen as an instrument
of class rule that serves the interests of the dominant class and suppresses the resistance of the
exploited class. Class theory emphasizes the role of the state as a repressor and exploiter of society
and the importance of class struggle and revolution . የመደብ ፅንሰ ሀሳብ - ይህ ፅንሰ ሃሳብ መንግስትና
ህብረተሰብ በተለያዩ መደብ ሮች ግጭትና የበላይነት በተለይም በቦርጅዋዚእና በፕሮለቲሪያቱ ተደራሽ ነት ነው የሚል
መከራከሪያ አለው። መንግሥት የበላይ የሆነውን ክፍል ፍላጎት የሚጠቅምና የተበዘበዙትን የክፍል ተማሪዎች ተቃውሞ
የሚገታ የክፍል ደንብ መሣሪያ እንደሆነ ተደርጎ ይታያል። የመደብ ፅንሰ ሃሳብ መንግስት የህብረተሰቡን ጨቋኝና መጠቀሚያ
በመሆን የሚጫወተውን ሚና እንዲሁም የመደብ ትግልና አብዮት 24 ን አስፈላጊነት አጉልቶ ይገልጻል።