INTERNET

WIDE AREA NETWORK

CHARACTERISTICS OF WAN
• A WAN is a network in a large geographical location, maybe across cities or countries.
• Crosses the public ‘Right of way”.
• Is usually owned by a service provider.
• More expensive and complicated than a LAN.
• X.25, Frame Relay, ISDN, and ATM are some WAN technologies.

SWITCHING TECHNOLOGIES
A switched network goes through a switch instead of a router. This actually is the way most
networked are headed, towards flat switches on VLANs instead of routers. Long distance
transmission is typically done over a network of switched nodes.

CIRCUIT SWITCHING
• Originated in Public Telephone Network
• Well Suited to analog of Voice Signal
• Dedicated communication path between two stations
Three Phase
o Establish

o Transfer

o Disconnect

• Must have switching capacity and channel capacity to establish connection

• Must have intelligence to work out routing
• Developed for voice traffic (Phone)

COMMUNICATION | RIYAS RUSHARD 95

PACKET SWITCHING
• Data transmitted in small packets:
• Longer messages are split into series of
packets
• Each Packets contains a portion of user data
plus some control information (Routing
Information)
• Packets are received, stored briefly (buffered)
and passed on to the next node

ITEM CIRCUIT SWITCHING PACKET SWITCHING

Call Setup

Dedicated Physical Path

Each Packet follows the same route

Packets arrive in order

Bandwidth Available

Transparency

Charging

TYPES OF SERVICES IN PACKET SWTICH NETWORK

ISSUES DATAGRAM VIRTUAL CIRCUIT

Circuit Setup

Each packet contains full Each packet contains a

Addressing Virtual CircuitNumber (VC NO)
destination address

Each data packet is routed Route is chosen when

independetly Virtual Circuits is created
Routing
best path

QOS Diffcult Can be provided

COMMUNICATION | RIYAS RUSHARD 96

 DATAGRAM VIRTUAL CIRCUIT

STRUCTURE OF PSTN

SCHEMETIC DIAGRAM OF PSTN

COMMUNICATION | RIYAS RUSHARD 97