Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CEE 405A
Structure VI
(2.0 credits)

Sourav Ray
Assistant Professor, CEE, SUST
sourav.ceesust@gmail.com
Lecture Seven
Prestressed Concrete
Concepts

Three different concepts are available

Concept‐1
Prestressing to Transform Concrete into Elastic Materials

Concept‐2
Prestressing for combination of High‐Strength Steel with Concrete

Concept‐3
Prestressing to Achieve Load Balancing
Concepts

Concept‐1: Prestressing to Transform Concrete into Elastic

Materials

 Concrete which is weak in tension and strong in

compression is compressed (generally by steel under high
tension) so that the brittle concrete would be able to
withstand tensile stresses.

 From this concept, the criterion of no tensile stresses was

born.

 It is generally believed that if there are no tensile stresses in

the concrete, there can be no cracks, and the concrete is no
longer a brittle material but becomes an elastic material.
Concepts

Concept‐1
Most common in practice (Eugene Freyssinet ; French Civil
Engineer)

Precompression No Tension !!!

by steel under high tension No Crack

Compressive stress counteracts

the tensile stress developed

Since no tension is developed in

Elastic !
concrete
Concept-1

From this standpoint concrete is visualized as being subject to

two systems of forces:

 i) Internal prestress and

 ii) External load

let us consider a simple rectangular beam prestressed by a

tendon through its centroidal axis and loaded by external loads.

The tensile prestress force F in the tendon produces an equal

compressive force F in the concrete.
Compressive stress due to prestress F,
f1= F/A
Concept-1

If M is the external moment at any section due to external load

& weight of beam then,

f2= My/I

Where,
y= distance from centroidal axis
I= moment of inertia
A= area of section
Concept-1 (Concentric tendon)

c
C.G.C
Force = F

F/A + Mc/I

My/I

F/A F/A - Mc/I

Mc/I
Due to prestress, F Due to External moment M Due to F & M

F My
f  
A I
Concept-1 (Eccentric tendon)

c
e C.G.C
Force = F C.G.S

Direct axial compressive force

F F C.G.C
e
F C.G.S

Couple (F*e)
Concept-1 (Eccentric tendon)

c
e C.G.C
Force = F C.G.S

F/A-Fec/I+Mc/I

Fey/I

My/I

F/A F/A+Fec/I-Mc/I
Fec/I Mc/I
Due to Prestress Due to External Due to F & M
Due to Prestress
Direct load effect Eccentricity moment M

F Fey My
f   
A I I
Some basics…
Double moment of area (So called moment of inertia !!)
For rectangular section

Y
b 3
bh
Ix 
h
12
X
I x= Moment of inertial about centroidal X-axis

Maximum moment at midspan of a simply supported uniformly

distributed load beam w per length

wL2 M
M
8 L
Concept-1 (Eccentric tendon: Prob-1)
Given: 3 k/ft

e C.G.C 30”
Force, F= 360k C.G.S
9”
24’
20”

Compute fiber stresses in the concrete at the midspan section.

Solution: (Assume compressive stress -ve)

I = (20*303)/12 = 45,000 in4; 6 in

M = (3*242)/8 = 216 k-ft; e = ……
F Fey My
f   
A I I
 360,000 36,000 * 6 *15 216 * (1000 *12) *15
  
600 45,000 45,000
Concept-1 (Eccentric tendon: Prob-1)

F Fey My
f   
A I I
 600  720  864
For top fiber
= -600 +720 -864 = - 744 psi

For bottom fiber

= -600 -720 +864 = - 456 psi
Concept-1 (Curved tendon)
A

C.G.C
C.G.S
A

Free body of left side of section A-A

A

Compression C = F
e
Prestress, F

F Fey My
f   
A I I
Concrete stress at a section due to prestress is dependent only on the
magnitude and the location of F at the section
Concept-1 (Curved tendon: Prob-2)

Given: 3 k/ft

e C.G.C 30”
Force, F= 360k
C.G.S
9” 9”
24’
20”

Compute fiber stresses in the concrete at the midspan section.

Solution:

Same as before !!!

Concept-2

Prestressing for combination of High‐Strength Steel with Concrete

Combination of steel
and concrete

Steel taking tension !

Concrete compression

Resisting couple play against

external moment

Very similar with RCC

Concept-2
P P
“C” is not necessarily
at C.G.C !!

C
C
F F

Prestressed beam RCC

Prestressed – No cracks and only Simply reinforced – Cracks and

small deflections excessive deflections
Concept-2 (Prob-3)
Given same as Prob.-2
3 k/ft
A
e = 1.2”
C = 360 k
arm C.G.C
16.2” 15”
T = 360 k
9”
A
Compute fiber stresses in the concrete at the midspan section using concept-2.

Solution:
I = 45,000 in4; M = 216 k-ft; ?
arm = ……

External moment = Resistant couple

216 = 360 * arm → arm = 7.2 in

e = 1.2 in
Concept-2 (Prob-3)

F Fey
f  
A I
 360,000 360,000 *1.2 *15
 
600 45,000
 600  144
For top fiber
= -600 -144 = - 744 psi

For bottom fiber

= -600 +144 = - 456 psi
Concept-3

Prestressing to Achieve Load Balancing (by T.Y. Lin !)

Flexural Direct stress

member to member

h
C.G.C
C.G.S
L

w
F F
C.G.C

wb

Concrete as freebody
Concept-3
Parabolic Cord
F F

Sag = h

wb

Span = L

wb L2 8Fh
F F wb  2 F
8h L

wb
Please referred to “Analytical Mechanics”-by V. M. Faifes; pp-93
Concept-3 (Curved tendon: Prob-4)

Given: 3 k/ft

6” C.G.C 30”
Force, F= 360k
C.G.S
9” 9”
24’
20”
Compute fiber stresses in the concrete at the midspan section using
concept-3.
Solution:
w
F F
C.G.C

wb

Concrete as freebody
Concept-3 (Curved tendon: Prob-3)
Solution (cont..):
w = 3 k/ft

F F
h = 6”
C.G.C

L = 24” wb = 2.5 k/ft

Concrete as freebody

8 Fh 8 * 360 * (6 / 12)
wb  2 wb  2
 2.5 k / ft
L 24
Net downward load = 3-2.5 = 0.5 k/ft

I = 45,000 in4; M = (0.5*242)/8 = 36 k-ft;

Concept-3 (Curved tendon: Prob-3)
Due direct load Due to unbalance moment
F Mc
f  
A I
 360,000 36 * (1000 *12) *15
 
600 45,000
 600  144
For top fiber
= -600 -144 = - 744 psi

For bottom fiber

= -600 +144 = - 456 psi