EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

CHEMISTRY • Earth’s atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the

Planet • Earth’s Atmosphere is made up of a
OF THE • “blanket of air”, which reaches over 560 kilometers
mixture of gases called air.
• Nitrogen gas makes up about 78%
ATMOSPHERE from the surface of the earth
• Absorbs the energy from the sun
of Earth’s atmosphere.
ATMOSPHERIC CYLES • The second most abundant gas is
• Recycles water and other chemicals Oxygen, which makes up 21% of
LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE
AIR POLLUTANTS AND TREATMENT
• Protects us from high-energy radiation and the frigid Earth’s atmosphere.
vacuum of space
• The atmosphere protects and supports life
Rhoda Pangan-Montalbo

The Nitrogen Cycle

Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmosphere,
NITROGEN CYCLE along with water from evapotranspiration, which is water
transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil. The vapor
CYCLES OF THE rises into the air where cooler temperatures cause it
to condense into clouds.
ATMOSPHERE Five main processes of nitrogen cycle through
the biosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere:
1. Nitrogen fixation
NITROGEN CYCLE 2. Nitrogen assimilation
Lightning causes atmospheric
OXYGEN CYCLE nitrogen and oxygen to form 3. ammonification
nitric oxide, which is eventually 4. Nitrification
converted to nitrates. 5. Denitrification

Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, play major roles in all of

Although the supply of nitrogen in the atmosphere is virtually inexhaustible, it must be combined with hydrogen or
the principal nitrogen transformations.
oxygen before it can be assimilated by higher plants, which in turn are consumed by animals. Juvenile nitrogen is
nitrogen that has not previously participated in the nitrogen cycle.

Scientists divide the atmosphere into

several different layers according to
temperature variation and composition

LAYERS OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
TROPOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE
MESOSPHERE
OXYGEN CYCLE THERMOSPHERE
The cycle is complicated because oxygen EXOSPHERE
appears in so many chemical forms and
combinations, primarily as molecular oxygen, in
water, and in organic and inorganic compounds.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DftEDVzGnMg
LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE

ØTroposphere
ØMesosphere
§ most active region the layer of the atmosphere that
§ the concentration of ozone and other gases is low
contains about 80 percent of the total mass of air and
practically all of the atmosphere’s water vapor. § Coldest layer of the atmosphere
§ The troposphere is the thinnest layer of the atmosphere § temperature decreases with increasing altitude
(10 km), but it is where all the dramatic events of ØThermosphere, or ionosphere, Regions of Earth’s
weather—rain, lightning, hurricanes—occur. § is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere. atmosphere. Notice
§ Temperature decreases almost linearly with increasing § The rise in temperature in this region is the result of the the variation of
altitude in this region. bombardment of molecular oxygen and nitrogen and atomic temperature with
ØStratosphere species by energetic particles, such as electrons and protons, altitude.
§ consists of nitrogen, oxygen, and ozone. from the sun
§ The air temperature rises with altitude. ØExosphere
§ This warming effect is the result of exothermic reactions § the outermost layer of the Earth’s atmosphere. It starts at an
triggered by UV radiation from the sun which, serves to altitude of about 500 km and goes out to about 10,000 km
prevent harmful UV rays from reaching Earth’s surface.

GREENHOUSE
OZONE LAYER
EFFECT
• Region of Earth’s stratosphere that absorbs most of the
Sun’s UV Radiation. • describes the trapping of heat
near Earth’s surface by gases in
• Contains high concentrations of Ozone (𝑂3) relative to the atmosphere, particularly
AIR POLLUTANTS other parts of the atmosphere. Carbon Dioxide. Most abundant greenhouse gases
& TREATMENT • Discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles • Greenhouse Gases in Earth's atmosphere:
• Water vapor (𝐻2𝑂)
Fabry and Henry Buisson. • gases that absorb and emit • Carbon dioxide (𝐶𝑂2)
• Methane (𝐶𝐻4)
radiant energy within the thermal • Nitrous oxide (𝑁2𝑂)
infrared range. • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
• Hydrofluorocarbons

Depletion of ozone in the Stratosphere Photochemical smog Photochemical smog

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) Smog

• Primary culprit in Ozone layer • combination of smoke and fog
breakdown
• Mostly found in the refrigerants, Photochemical smog
aerosols and plastic products. • formed by the reactions of automobile exhaust in the
presence of sunlight
• an air pollution, formed when photons of sunlight hit
Ozone Holes molecules of different kinds of pollutants in the
• Areas of damage in the Ozone layer atmosphere.

Particulate matter
• Particulate matter is the sum of all solid and
liquid particles suspended in air many of which
are hazardous.
• The removal of particulate matter from gas
streams is the most widely practiced means of air
pollution control.
WATCH:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Qv92ygQkUo
THANK YOU!!!
Particle Removal by Sedimentation and
Particle filtration
Inertia
• The simplest means of particulate matter removal is • Fabric filters - consist of fabrics
sedimentation, a phenomenon that occurs that allow the passage of gas but
retain particulate matter. These
continuously in nature. are used to collect dust in bags
contained in structures called
• Gravitational settling chambers may be employed for
the removal of particles from gas streams by simply
baghouses.
settling under the influence of gravity. These chambers
• generally effective in removing
particles from exhaust gas
take up large amounts of space and have low collection • Particles as small as 0.01 μm in
efficiencies, particularly for small particles. diameter are removed, and
removal efficiency is relatively
high for particles down to 0.5 μm
in diameter.
Scrubber WATCH:
• A venturi scrubber passes gas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Qv92ygQkUo
through a device which leads the
gas stream through a converging
section, throat, and diverging
section. Injection of the
scrubbing liquid at right angles
to incoming gas breaks the
liquid into very small droplets,
which are ideal for scavenging
particles from the gas stream.
• may serve as quenchers to cool
exhaust gas, and as scrubbers
for pollutant gases