Ge 11 - Lesson 7

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PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE

CLOTHING/FASHION
FINALS
LESSON 7
________________________________
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. discuss the transition of clothing/fashion in the Philippines;
2. compare and contrast the fashion before and today;
3. appreciate the Philippine fashion styles.
INTRODUCTION:
Fashion and clothing in the Philippines refers to the way the people of Filipino society dress up
in instances such as while they are at home, at work, travelling and when attending special
occasions.
The clothing style and fashion sense of the Filipinos in the modern-day era have been influenced
by their native ancestors, the Spanish colonizers and the Americans, as evidenced by the
chronology of events that occurred in Philippine history. At present, Filipinos conform their way
of dressing, in addition to the above factors, as a result of the influence of what is shown by the
media on television, fashion shows, among others.
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Apart from colonial influences and media influence, the Filipino style of clothing had been
dictated by the climate in the Philippines. With a tropical climate (dry and rainy seasons), early
Filipinos – as well as the still extant tribal groups in the Philippines – wore colorful woven
clothes, often with intricate beadwork and other ornam a type of a collarless shirt – which later
became adorned with laces, trimmings, buttons, and a collar – was where from the Barong
Tagalog evolved. On the other hand, the Bahag was a type of loincloth or G-string.
Present-day Filipinos, due to climatic reasons, prefer to wear T-shirts combined with maong
(jeans) trousers for men and skirts for women. The "jeans and T-shirts" combination was
introduced to the Filipinos by the Americans.
A common attire while at home are ordinary puruntongs (singular: puruntong, a type of pair of
shorts or Capri pants) combined with sleeveless shirts or T-shirts. During the rainy season and
cold evenings in December and January, some Filipinos wear hooded jackets.
ACTIVITY:
ANALYSIS:
ABSTRACTION:
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Evolution of Philippine Fashion
Fashion is a universal subject, a language understood and spoken by many. Decade after decade,
new trends have been introduced, themselves heavily influenced by pop culture, political
attitudes and inspiring style icons of the time. i create a blog topic about the the evolution of
fashion in Philippines from the 16 century to 21st century to show you. on how the fashion
evolve.- Kenneth T. Beñola
Archaic epoch (10th – 16th century)

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During the archaic epoch, before the colonizers from Europe

discovered the islands, the different tribes and kingdoms wore their respective clothing. The
Filipino style of clothing had been dictated by the tropical climate in the Philippines, with a dry
and rainy season. Early Filipinos – as well as the still extant tribal groups in the Philippines –
wore colorful woven clothes, often with “intricate beadworks” and other ornaments. The men
wore pants or a loincloth and usually went topless, as well as wearing tattoos symbolizing power
and strength as a warrior; while women went either topless or wore a robe-like dress.
Spanish Era: Spanish East Indies (1800–1899)

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Depiction of 19th Century family belonging in the

Principalia Class wearing typical Maria Clara dress and Barong Tagalog
By the 19th century, due to the continuing influence of the Western culture, the rising economy,
globalization, and exposure from the European fashion scene, the women’s clothing began to
have a change; by 1850s, women’s clothing was now full wide skirts that usually have long train
rather than the simple floor length skirts, a bodice called camisa which means blouse in English
and a panuelo, a big square cloth folded triangularly and worn in the Philippines like a great
ruffle or collar. The attire is composed of four pieces, namely the camisa, the saya, the pañuelo
(a scarf, also spelled panuelo) and the tapis. The camisa is a collarless chemise whose hem is at
the waist, and is made from flimsy, translucent fabrics such as pineapple fiber and jusi. The
sleeves of the camisa are similar to the so-called “angel wings”, or shaped like bells that have
cuffs. The pañuelo is a stiff covering for the neck, which acts as an accent piece because of
embellishments added to it. The purpose of the pañuelo is related to modesty, used to cover the
low-necked camisa’. The saya is a skirt shaped like a bubble with a length that begins from the
waist reaching the floor. These are usually comprised either of single or double sheets, called
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“panels” or dos panos (lit. “two panels/layers”); some examples are made out of seven gores
or siete cuchillos (lit. “seven knives”). The tapis is a knee-length over-skirt that hugs the hips.
Tapis designs may be plain, and is usually made of opaque fabrics such as muslin and the madras
cloth, and also is used for the purposes of modesty as it keeps the lower torso from showing due
to the thinness of the saya. Also, when going to the church or attending mass, the women usually
wore a veil above their heads, similar to other Catholic countries at that time.
American Era (1900s–1940)
The traje de mestiza ensemble rose in popularity during the 1900s. This example is from the late
1920s to the early 1930s, its silhouette influenced by the flapper dress
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When the Americans came and became the second country to colonize the islands, the fashion
remained the same for the first five years of the 20th century. But it has started to change and
became more modern in contrast to the conservative style of the previous centuries as the
Americans started to influence the modern Filipino culture.The women then wore the Traje de
Mestiza, the more modern version of the Maria Clara. It had bigger sleeves and a narrower floor
length skirt with a long train called saya de cola and replaced the full wide skirt reflecting the
Edwardian Fashion of the West.By the 1920s, the style of the skirt still remained, influenced by
the flapper dress; however, the wide sleeves had been replaced by butterfly sleeves (popularized
by local couturier Pacita Longos), and the big pañuelo reduced its size. Such trends had gained
prominence especially during the annual Manila Carnivals of 1920s and through the 1940s.
1950s
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The Filipiniana/Terno gown, the modernized Traje de Mestiza rose to popularity as a formal
attire during latter half of the 20th Century.
When the decade started, the country saw the rise of economy, once again giving opportunities
for people to have more necessities and live in the normal life. Women remained wearing the
1940s fashion during the first five years of the decade. By the late 1950s, women started to wear
dresses and with floral prints and fuller knee-length skirts. The style was inspired by Christian
Dior’s “New Look” collection,[5] characterized by a below-mid-calf length, full-skirt, pointed
bust, small waist, and rounded shoulder line. Summer and Day dresses became popular, as well
as the pencil skirts and cardigans.
1960s
When the 1960s entered, most of the styles from the late 1950s still remained; however, due to
the rise of British pop culture that spread in United States and other parts of the world, fashion
started to change. A new kind of dress invented by Mary Quant, called the miniskirt, mini
dresses started to become popular and mod style fashions also emerged. Hair became very stylish
as the hair were styled bigger and higher with the use of hairspray. By the mid-1960s, the
hemlines rose and the clothes loosened, influenced by the mod culture.Men’s fashion shifted
towards a more youthful vibe, influenced by the rising Teenage culture seen in Hollywood and
by various Teen-oriented Filipino films where they started wearing polos and pants, replacing the
suit and coats. Suits and coats, as well as the Barong Tagalog, were now only worn during events
and by the older men.
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1970s
With the popularity of the hippie culture in the late 1960s, many Filipinos embraced this culture
which has continued until the early seventies. At the same time, the rise of Filipino Nationalism
began and both movements influenced the way people lived and dressed. The early 1970s saw
women start to abandon mini-dresses for a more modest clothing such as maxi skirts. Vintage
clothing from the Victorian Era of the west also became popular as long sleeves, laces, and
collars became popular in dresses. Bell bottom pants started to become popular that would
continue to the rest of the decade. Men also started to grow their hair long, the first time ever that
such style became acceptable in Filipino society.Men also wore Bell bottoms often in bright
colors, similar to the women. The turtle neck became popular as well as sweater vests, colorful
bright patterned polos and pants.By the mid-1970s, men started wearing t-shirts, which replaced
the formal look with a more laid-back look. Denim jeans also started to emerge, as well
as sweatshirts.When the disco culture emerged, the bell bottoms became a staple. It came up with
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different bright colors, as well as the polos and scarfs. Women started wearing sequined dresses,
mostly in miniskirts and bell bottom jeans. T-shirts also became popular for women and the
footwear called bakya became popular.
1980s
Due to the power dressing movement, women, usually young adults, also started to wear clothes
with shoulder pads while teenagers started wearing neon colored clothes. Miniskirts also came
back in popularity. Hairstyles were also emphasized as most women had their
hair curled.Men’s fashion had a shift as they started to wear brightly colored t-shirts or polo
shirts and denim jeans for a casual look, throwing away the more formal look. Teenage boys also
wore pastel and neon colored jackets, polos, pants, short shorts and t-shirts. Converse All-Stars
shoes were also popular among the teenagers.colorful short shorts for both teen boys and girls
were also one of the huge trends that defined the decade.Sportswear also became popular for
everyday clothing. Leggings rose to popularity as well as jogging pants, headbands
and legwarmers.By 1989, a drastic change in style emerged; a trend having oversized shirts and
pants were in style, paving way to the 1990s loose fashion.
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1990s
The 1990s fashion was a laid back version of the 1980s fashion. This decade saw the beginning
of the influence of rock music to mainstream fashion. Men started to wear dark, simple and
mostly oversized clothes, moving away to the brightly colored clothes of the 1980s. Women also
wore loose, simple and casual clothing such as oversized shirts, denim shorts, denim jeans,
simple blouses and sneakers. Skirts weren’t as popular as denim throughout the decade. Men’s
hairstyles also changed as they grew their hair longer for the first time since the decade of the
1970s. Also, a hairstyle called cachupoy was considered popular among teenage boys. It was a
straight hairstyle that has a middle parting at the center, most teen celebrities sported this kind
of hairstyle.It was also the decade when people from all social classes wore the same style of
clothes, with people having a hard time distinguishing who was from the upper class or from the
lower class as everyone opted for a simple, laid-back style of dressing.
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2000s
The 1990s fashion remained popular during the early years of the first decade of the 21st
century. 2000s fashion was considered a mash up of different styles. In the first part of the
decade, the concept of innerwear as an outerwear was popularized resulting in the popularity of
spaghetti strap clothes. Men still followed the 1990s fashion with hip-hop inspired of clothing,
wearing cargo pants and oversized T-shirts.By the mid 2000s, colorful clothes began to rise
again. Men started wearing flannel and checkered polos. At the end of the decade, people saw
the mixture of clothing from uggboots worn with short shorts and t-shirts to dresses worn over
with leggings
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2010s
Due to the development of social media, many Filipino women and men were exposed to
different styles. Also due to the rising economy of the country for the first time since the 1986
People Power Revolution, as well as the constant building of shopping malls and shopping
centers, many Filipinos began buying more clothes.The early 2010s began with a continuation of
some of the late-2000s fashion; however; in 2011, a change began as people started to move
away from the rock influenced 2000s fashion and create a more distinctive 2010s fashion. With
the rise of social media, most of the women began wearing Tumblr inspired clothes. Also,
women became interested in 1960s fashion and began replicating that style. Men also began
wearing preppy clothes inspired by the British boy band One Direction who rose to fame in
2010. Skinny jeans and shorts proved to be popular among the men and these came up in
different colors.In 2013, skater skirts became popular among teenage girls and they started
wearing more feminine clothing.When the mid-2010s entered, women began wearing more
modest clothing as the fashion brands started to market 1950s and 1960s inspired clothing.
Denim pants was replaced by skirts and leggings. Men began to wear more formal
clothes.Dresses replaced the casual t-shirts and jeans worn by the women while Chinos replaced
the denim pants worn by men.By mid-2010s, many of the fashions from the mid-1960s and mid-
1990s returned, clothing such as midi-skirts, denim jackets, knitted sweaters, boat shoes, etc.
came back into fashion while fashion pieces like chokers gained prominence once again. Men’s
fashion also started to move away to the rock/hiphop-influenced styles of the past two decades
and started to define a new style for men. 2010s hairstyles were often defined by; loose waves
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for women and slick-back hair for men. While beauty trends include having emphasize on the
lips, and contoured cheeks, nude color palettes were also prominent for make-up.
For women
For men
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millennial
now a days millennials are more seductive and sexier in fashion because of the innovation of
fashion such as dress, t-shirt, polo and pantaloons.- Kenneth T. Beñola
Traditional clothing by areas and regions
Ethnic clothing was worn by the members of different ethnic tribes around the country before the
Spanish colonized the islands. Today, they are still often worn during gatherings, festivals, and
for cultural shows.
Cordilleras
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The modern Ifugao youth in their traditional clothing.
Igorot ethnic outfit
The Igorots are indigenous people from the Cordilleras. They are known for wearing a piece of
clothing with intricate patterns woven by their own fellowmen. The men's clothing consists of
red loincloth called wanes with tribal patterns, tattoos which is a symbol for bravery, and
colorful bead necklaces. Women's clothing are usually similar to men's except that the women
wear wrap-around skirt or called lufid and usually topless. In some parts of Cordilleras such as
the Igorots in Benguet, women wrap their breasts with a very detailed wrap-around clothing.
Baro't Saya
The traditional Baro't Saya was worn by the lowland people in Filipinas. It includes the blouse
called "baro" and a skirt called "saya". It is the Archetype of every Filipiniana dress that has
evolved throughout the colonial era of the Philippines. Today, the dress represents the rural life
in the Philippines.
Urban areas
Maria Clara Dress
Main article: Maria Clara gown
Being the capital which is also located in the lowland Urban area, Manila people often wore
more elaborate version of Baro't Saya with wide full skirts rather than the simple skirt.
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Throughout the 17th–18th century, this clothing also became popular to the upper and middle
class Filipinos from other parts of the country, mostly urban areas such as Cebu, Iloilo, Negros
Occidental and many more. Today, it is now known as the Maria Clara gown which represents
the Spanish colonial history of the country as well as the aristocracy of the Filipino people.
During the American period, the design drastically changed from a wide full skirt to a more
modern look and then again changed into the current Filipiniana popularized by Imelda Marcos
in the 1960s. Men wore Barong Tagalog but with also a more elaborate and intricate designs.
Visayas
Kimona and Patadyong
In the islands of the Visayas regions, the Kimona represents Visayan clothing. Most Visayan
lowland people wear the typical Kimona, a type of Baro't Saya blouse matching with a knee-
length skirt. Kimona is typically a transparent piece of clothing made of pineapple fiber while the
skirt is usually either floor-length or knee-length printed with the Patadyong pattern, hence
getting the name Patadyong skirt. The dress is often accompanied with a handkerchief
called tubao and is often placed above the right shoulder.
Mindanao
A men's clothing from Mindanao exhibiting at the Bunka Gakuen Costume Museum in Tokyo,
Japan.
In Mindanao, there is large minority of the people are practicing Islam, therefore following the
Islamic culture. Women wear a hijab, a long-sleeved top and a floor-length skirt, while men wear
polos and pants together with a hat called taqiyah. Non Islamic people follow Visayan-like
fashion.
Women's clothing
Baro't Saya (literally "Shirt and Skirt") is the Filipino style of women's clothing. Traditionally, it
is composed of a blouse and a long skirt with a "panuelo". It evolved many variants, some are
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regional. The upper-class women wore more elaborate baro't saya sewn with beads and colorful
designs. The skirt is also wider than what lower classes wore.
These types of clothing that are "simple yet functional" that have both indigenous Filipino
qualities and Spanish influence started to become prominent during the 16th-century in the
Philippines.
Such clothing, through the innovation of modern-day Filipino fashion designers, can be worn in
the Philippines for formal occasions and office uniforms. These "national clothes" can be made
from materials such as piña, jusi, abaca, and Mindanao silk.
Men's clothing
Barong Tagalog is a clothing worn by men. Having originated in Luzon, this clothing is may be
made of pineapple fiber and is translucent, where an undershirt has to be worn together with dark
pants. The "coat" or "suit", locally known as the "Amerikana" or Americana (literally
"American") was another type of clothing introduced to the Philippines by the Americans. Worn
with a tie, it is used for formal occasions.
Fashion designers
Filipino Designers are considered as the best fashion designers in Asia having designers reach
the international fashion scene. Notable Filipino fashion designers include Pitoy Moreno (the
"Fashion Czar in Asia"), Ito Curata, Inno Sotto, Rajo Laurel, Kermit Tesoro, Beatriz Tesoro,
Christian Espiritu, Auggie Cordero, Monique Lhuillier, Ezra Santos, Mich Dulce, Francis
Libiran, Oliver Tolentino, Josie Natori, and Michael Cinco. Moreno was known to design and
create dresses for Philippine First Ladies, other famous women in the Philippines, Asia, the
United States and Europe. New emerging Filipino designer that pushes high conceptual work is
Wolfram Philippines who introduced iconic Filipino wardrobes through the globally known
Pinoy pop group BGYO.
Popular brands
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Bench, a Filipino clothing brand
Filipino brands
Philippine brand clothing that are popular in and outside the Philippines
include Bench Onesimus, Penshoppe, Loalde, Kamiseta (literally "T-shirt"), Maldita and Bayo.
International brands
Brands from abroad that are popular in the Philippines include Giordano, Levi's, Nike, The
Gap, Banana Republic and Guess.
First tier includes top designer's labels that are not common to average Filipinos,
including Hermès, Bottega Veneta, Louis Vuitton, Givenchy, Burberry, Prada, Gucci.
 Second tier showcases brands that are affordable to average Filipinos which
include Ralph Lauren, Balenciaga, Michael Kors, Nine West, Kate
Spade, Longchamp and Fendi.
 Third tier are the high street brands that are a bit expensive for average Filipinos,
including Comme des Garcons, Lacoste, Diesel, Marks & Spencer, Tommy
Hilfiger, Kenneth Cole.
 Fourth tier are affordable brands that are good quality, which
includes, Uniqlo, Mango, Zara, and Aldo".
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 Fifth tier are brands that are very much affordable to an average Filipino and usually of a
lower quality, Forever 21, H&M, and Guess.[8]
APPLICATION:
NO.1: Answer the question for 100 words. Post your answer as comment on my post.
Describe the Philippine clothing fashion style in the present society.
No2. My All Time Fave Fashion Style
Instruction:
1. Choose a fashion style that you like most.
2. Wear it and take a photo.
3. Upload the picture on your academic Facebook account and tag my academic account as well.
4. Put a short caption of your photo why it is your all time fave style.
5. Before uploading the photo, include the following hashtags, #PhilPopCulture
#PopularClothingStyle.
CLOSURE:
REFERENCES:
1. ^ Barong Tagalog history

2. ^ History of the Barong Tagalog by My Barong
3. ^ a b "Pre-Colonial Traditional Clothing". Pinoy-Culture ~ A Filipino Cultural & History Blog.
Retrieved January 6, 2015.
4. ^ "Manila was known as the 'Pearl of the Orient.' Then World War II happened". Retrieved July
14, 2017.
5. ^ "The Story of Dior, The New Look Revolution". Retrieved July 14, 2017.
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6. ^ "Yay or Nay: 50 Fashion and Beauty Trends We Spotted in Manila in 2016". SPOT.ph.
December 26, 2016.
7. ^ Philippines, Cultural Center of the. "TERNOCON: A Terno Making Convention and Contest for
Regional Designers | Cultural Center of the Philippines". TERNOCON: A Terno Making
Convention and Contest for Regional Designers. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
8. ^ a b c d e f "Filipino Clothing and Various Influences". Filipino-Heritage.com. Retrieved December
14, 2013.
9. https://cuartgroup5.wordpress.com/evolution-of-philippine-fashion/

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MonCAS

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. discuss the transition of clothing/fashion in the Philippines;

2. compare and contrast the fashion before and today;

3. appreciate the Philippine fashion styles.

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Evolution of Philippine Fashion

Archaic epoch (10th – 16th century)

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

During the archaic epoch, before the colonizers from Europe

Spanish Era: Spanish East Indies (1800–1899)

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Depiction of 19th Century family belonging in the

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

American Era (1900s–1940)

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Traditional clothing by areas and regions

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

The modern Ifugao youth in their traditional clothing.

Igorot ethnic outfit

Maria Clara Dress

Main article: Maria Clara gown

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Kimona and Patadyong

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

Bench, a Filipino clothing brand

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

1. ^ Barong Tagalog history

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

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