MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE Revision Questions 1. Expand LAB: Lactobacillus Acidophilus ( milk curdling bacteria) 2. Enzyme which converts milk sugar lactose to lactic acid —_: Lactase enzyme y 3. Vitamin presentin the curd: Vitamin B12, 4, Bakers yeast used in bread and beverage industry: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5. Gas formed and released during fermentation, which makes the bread soft and puffy: COZ 6. Yeast used in fermentation of beer: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. carisbergensis 7. Yeast used in fermentation of wine: Saccharomyces ellipsoideus } 8 Name three types of cheese and their microbes: ‘Types of Cheese : . Microbes used Cottage cheese ie ‘Streptococcus lactis , Lactobacillus ‘Swiss cheese (large holes) Propionibacterium shermanii Roquefort cheese (bluish color) Pencillium roqueforti 9, Fermenters : are automated stainless steel containers where microbial cultures are easily monitored and controlled. 10. Beverages produced without distillation: Wine and Beer 11. Beverages produced by distillation: Rum, Whisky, Brand 12. Name two Bioactive molecules: Cyclosporin A and Statins (molecules which are produce asa result of microbial activities are called bioactive molecules) 13.. Bioactive Source organism - Uses molecule 7. Used as an antifungal and anti- inflammatory agent 1. Cydosporin A | Trichoderma polysporum | >. immunosuppressive agent in (fungus) organ transplantation, 2. Statins Monascus purpureus | 1. Lowers blood cholesterol level 7 2.Inhibit enzymes responsible (yeast) for the synthesis of cholesterol| 14, Five organic acids and their sources and uses: ‘Organic Acids Source Microbes Uses of organic acids ‘Acetic Acid ‘Acetobacter aceti "| Preparation of vinegar Lactobacillus bulgaricus Used in pharmaceutical, Lactic Acid Streptococcus lactis fruit juice, confectionery, Fungus Rhizopus pickles. Curing of meat and canned food Citric Acid Fungus :Aspergillus niger and | Used in dyeing, Mucor pyriform pharmaceuticals, ink, Yeast : Candida lipolytica flavouring, preserving food and candies. 1. Used as raw materials in the manufacturing of esters Butyric Acid Clostridium butyricum (flavouring agents 2. Its anhydrides is used to make cellulose butyrate a useful plastic Gluconic Acid Fungus : Aspergillus niger and | Calcium gluconate is used a] Pencillium as source of calcium for infants, lactating mothers and co} 15, Name the enzymes produced by microbes.: Protease, Lipase, Pectinase and Streptokinase 46, Name an enzyme which act as (TPA) Tissue Plasminogen Activator. Mention its function Streptokinase, It is used as clot buster for dissolving blood clots in the blood vessels of patients who had heart attack. 17. Who coined the term enzyme? William Kuhne 18, Bio control/ Biological control: Refers to the use of biological methods for controlling plant diseases and pests. 19. Baculoviruses : The viruses used in the biological control of insect pests. Nucleopolyhedro virus is the most common and important baculo virus involved in biological control of insects and pests.r 20. Name the microbes used in pest control: Bacillus thuringiensis, Trichoderma, Baculoviruses. 21. Expand IPM: Integrated Pest Management 22. Table showing different types of enzymes, their source and functions: Enzyme | Source organism Uses 1. Removing proteinaceous stains 2. Synthesis of glue 3. Degrading protein and polypeptides Bacillus species 4, Degumming silk Protease Aspergillus species & Candida lipolytica 1. Flavouring cheese 2. Used in detergents to remove oil stains Li oN see 3. Hydrolysing oils for soap manufactory. candidum ‘Aspergillus niger ‘L Retting of fibre 2. Preparation of green tea peeeuese Byssochlamys fulva | 3’ sed in clearing bottled fruit juices. 1. Tissue plasminogen activator 2. Used as clot busters to remove blood Speerokinsses | Sucpeoceoms lots from blood vessels 23. Give biologi I names of the following: a) The mould from which penicillin is obtained b) Baker's yeast : Saccharomyces cerevisiae ©) Baculovirus used in biocontrol : Nucleopolyhedroviruses d) The microbes used to produce Swiss cheese _: Propionibacterium sharmanii fe) The microbe used to control insect larvae growing on cotton : Bacillus thuringiensis ) Asymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium found in root nodules : Rhizobium 2) The fungus that is being developed as a bio control agent Trichoderma polysporum/ Aspergillus niger 24, Describe the various methods of biocontrol of pest and diseases? 25, Biofertilizers (Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Mycorthiza, Cyanobacteria 26, Sewage treatment plant 27. Biogas production, composition, advantages 28. Diagram of Biogas plant 29. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 30. Effects of chemical pesticides