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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC AMBAD

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

( Solid waste management 22605)

A. Y. 2021-22

A MICRO-PROJECT REPORT ON

“”VERMICOMPOSITING OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC WASTE””

FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(CIVIL ENGINEERING- S. Y. CE 6I)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr.A.S. Patil sir

SUBMITTED BY

STUDENT NAME ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO.

Mohite Pallavi Sharda 330 1911620024

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CERTIFICATE
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC AMBAD
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

(Solid Waste management)

A. Y. -2021-2022

This is to certify that the Micro-project entitled ” vermicomposting optimization of

organic waste" being submitted herewith for the award of DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING of MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD & TECHNICAL
EDUCATION (MSBTE) is the result of Micro-project work completed under my supervision
and guidance by Mr .A.S Patil Sir

Mrs Mohite Pallavi Indrajit

To the best of my knowledge and belief, the work embodied in this Micro-project

has not formed earlier the basis for the award of any degree or diploma of this or any other

Board or examining body.

Mr A.S.Patil PROF. P.V .MORE Dr. A.M.Jinturkar

GUIDE TEACHER HOD PRICIPAL

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DECLARATION

We, the undesired, hereby declare that the project “Vermicomposting

optimization of organic waste ” . Ambad during Year 2021-22, fifth Semester for partial
fulfillment of the ‘Micro Project’ requirement of Solid Waste management(22605). Subject
under Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai curriculum, under the
guidance of Mr.A.S.patil sir is our original work.

The empirical findings in this project are based on the data collected in this project is
not copied from any other sources.

STUDENT NAME ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO. SIGN.

Mohite Pallavi Indrajit 330 1911620024

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I have great pleasure to express my immense gratitude towards a dynamic

person and my project guided all my group. Department of Civil Engineering,
Government Polytechnic, Ambad for giving me an opportunity to work on an
interesting topic over one semester. The work presented here could not have been
accomplished without his most competent and inspiring guidance, incessant
encouragement, constructive criticism and constant motivation during all phases of
our group Micro-project work. I am greatly indebted to him.

I am very much thankful Prof. P.V.More Head, Department of Civil Engineering

all HODs of various departments and Dr. A.M.Jinturkar Principal, Government
Polytechnic, Ambad, for his encouragement and providing me a motivating
environment and project facilities in the Institute to carry out experiments and
complete this Micro-project work.

I would like to extend our thanks to all our professors, staff members and all
our friends who extended their co-operation to complete the project.

I am indeed indebted to my parents and other family members for their

immense help at all levels with moral, social & financial support, care and support
throughout my studies without which my work would not have seen light of the day.
With warm regards,

Yours Sincerely,

Place: Ambad Mr. --------------------------------------------------

Date: -

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PART A- PLAN
Micro-project Proposal
(Format for micro project proposal)
(“ Vermicomposting optimization of organic waste")

1.0Brief Introduction
The study of vermicomposting optimization of organic waste aimed to produce
vermicompost from urban raw waste, and to select one of three kinds of worm which had
significant effect in the production of vermicompost. The writers conducted a research during
June to August 2012, by treating three varieties of worm named: G1 = Lumbricus rubellus;
G2 Lumbricus terrestris; G3 = Eisenia foetida, and used Fully Randomized Design (FRD) for
each type of worms. The research variables were C/N ratio, C organic, N, P-205, and K2O.
The writers analysed the vermicompost treatment results in the laboratory, followed by
ANOVA. The researchers used gentong (barrel-shaped potteries) as a research tool; and
obtained organic waste materials from the local landfill. The result showed that it was
possible to produce organic fertilizer from urban waste materials with vermicomposting
process using Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia foetida. Moreover,
apparently, Lumbricus rubellus had the highest influence in the production of vermicompost.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-project

1) To know the about of Vermicomposting.

2) To know the importance Vermicomposting
3) To know the process of Vermicomposting

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3.0 Action Plan

Sr. Details of activities Planned Planned Name of

No. start date finished members
date
1. Decided project Topic 27/10/202 28/10/202 Shreya more
2 2
2. Group members appointed meeting 26/12/22 26/12/22 Shreya more
and project work is distributed to all
group members.
3. First decide and searching 05/01/22 05/01/22 Shreya more
information of project on network,
library books.
4. The collection of information and 12/01/22 12/01/22 Shreya more
arranged information
5. The work to started to make a 17/01/22 17/01/22 Shreya more
project report.
6. Check the project report when 25/01/22 25/01/22
completed work .
7. Making Project report 25/01/22 25/01/22
8. Check all information 26/01/22 26/01/22 Shreya more

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4.0 Resources Required

Sr. Name of resources/ material Specification Quantit Remarks

No. y
1. Computer Dell 1 good quality
2. Printer Hp 1 good
printing
3. Xerox paper A4 size as per thin size
req.
5. Search engines chrome, UC
browser
6. Drawing instrument 2B pencil, clean 1 each good
eraser sheet. condition
7. Site of hospital building 1 good
condition
8. Reference book 1 easy
language
9. Reference site contain brief as per simple and
information of req. important
project knowledge

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PART B
Micro-project Proposal
(Format for micro project proposal)
( Vermicomposting optimization of organic waste)

1.0 Brief Description. :

The study of vermicomposting optimization of organic waste aimed to produce
vermicompost from urban raw waste, and to select one of three kinds of worm which had
significant effect in the production of vermicompost.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-project

1)By doing this micro project I get the more knowledge Vermicomposting
2To know how to do work on computer and handling computer carefully.
3)To know the need of waste management.
4)To know the method of disposal of solid waste.

3.0 Course Outcomes Integrated

1. To take additional information about Vermicomposting
2. what are the basic information about Vermicomposting
3. state the Advantages of composting.

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed

1. First I select the topic of project.

2. Then I meet to guide Patil Sir and discuss about project topic and suggestions for
project guide Patil Sir give I advice for project.
3. Then first all of we collect a information about the micro-project topic of method of
disposal of solid waste.
4. Weekly we meet to teacher or guide and discuss about a project and daily searching
information.
5. I had edited the collected information (typing, inserting important images etc.) in
Microsoft word, WPS.

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6. The edited information we check out In daily from teacher and make chart of micro-
project we has discuss about it and make the chart with the help of internet, library
books other resources.
7. We printed the hard copies of micro-project, one for me and one for submitting to
department.
8. We collected following data on internet.

5.0Actual Resources used

Sr. No. Name of resources/ Specification Quantit Remarks

material y

1. Computer Dell 1 good quality

2. Printer Hp 1 good printing

3. Xerox paper A4 size as per thin size

req.

5. Search engines Chrome, UC browser

6. Drawing instrument 2B pencil, clean eraser 1 each good

condition

7. Visit of hospital building. 1 good

condition

8. Reference book 1 easy language

9. Reference site Contain brief information of as per simple and

project req. important
knowledge

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6.0 Outputs of the Micro-projects

1: I understood the concept of vermicomposting.

2: I understood the process of Vermicomposting

3: I know the importance of Vermicomposting

7.0 Skilled Developed/ learning out of this Micro- Project

By doing this micro project I get the more knowledge about various tests .

 We learnt to do work on computer and handling computer carefully.

 Our observation skill is improved.

 Learn how to behave at visiting place.

 Learn the importance of various test in laboratory or

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INDEX

Sr.No Content

1 Introduction

2 Definition

3 Process of vermicomposting

4 Importance of Vermicomposting

5 Advantages and Deadvatages

6 Reference

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INTRODUCTION
Organic fertilizers are largely or entirely composed from organic materials which are derived
from plants and animals that have been through a technical process. The fertilizers can be
used to supply organic matter, and to improve the physical, chemical and biological soil [1].
Organic fertilizers can be made from waste, because it comprises of inorganic and organic
materials. Organic waste consists of plant and animal materials which were taken from
nature, or produced from agricultural activities, fisheries or other activities, these rubbish is
easily described in the natural processes [2].

The use of waste as an organic fertilizer for direct application to soil generally experiences a
variety of problems, for instance: (1) the waste contains inorganic material that is not
biologically and easily weathered, such as: glass, plastic, metal. (2) trash has high level of
C/N ratio, (3) the composition of organic waste varies too much, and sometimes there is a
toxic compound [3]. Other problems are caused by sewage pollution of the environment by
heavy metals and chemicals [4]. Toxic heavy metals such as As, Hg. Pb, and Cd can
contaminate or damage the environment [5]. Heavy metals As, Cd, Pb, and Hg are very
poisonous which can accumulate in crops such as rice, grass, vegetables, and other crops
[6].Vermitechnology is a system in which earthworms are utilized for the bio-conversion of
organic waste into vermicompost. Vermicompost has wide applications in organic waste
management and has been proven to be an efficient method to manage organic waste
materials with diminutive complexity and economic feasibility [7] Vermicompost is a process
to convert organic waste into fertilizer [8] Taking into account that the organic waste and
compost application in agriculture has many positive effects [9], so that it is necessary to
conduct research on organic fertilizer with vermicomposting method by utilizing worms
performance to process raw materials from waste. Based on the above facts, therefore, the
study of vermicomposting optimization of organic waste was conducted, which aims to (1)
produce vermicompost from urban waste materials, (2) select one of the three types of worms
that have the highest influence in the process of vermicomposting.

Definition
“Vermicomposting is a process in which the earthworms convert the organic waste into
manure rich in high nutritional content

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What is Vermicomposting?
Vermicomposting is the scientific method of making compost, by using earthworms. They are
commonly found living in soil, feeding on biomass and excreting it in a digested form.

Vermiculture means “worm-farming”. Earthworms feed on the organic waste materials and give out
excreta in the form of “vermicasts” that are rich in nitrates and minerals such as phosphorus,
magnesium, calcium and potassium. These are used as fertilizers and enhance soil quality.

Vermicomposting comprises two methods:

Bed Method: This is an easy method in which beds of organic matter are prepared.

Pit Method: In this method, the organic matter is collected in cemented pits. However, this method is
not prominent as it involves problems of poor aeration and waterlogging.

Also, refer to Morphology and Anatomy of Earthworm

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Process of Vermicomposting

1. To prepare compost, either a plastic or a concrete tank can be used. The size of the tank
depends upon the availability of raw materials.

2. Collect the biomass and place it under the sun for about 8-12 days. Now chop it to the
required size using the cutter.

3. Prepare a cow dung slurry and sprinkle it on the heap for quick decomposition.

4. Add a layer (2 – 3 inch) of soil or sand at the bottom of the tank.

5. Now prepare fine bedding by adding partially decomposed cow dung, dried leaves and other
biodegradable wastes collected from fields and kitchen. Distribute them evenly on the sand
layer.

6. Continue adding both the chopped bio-waste and partially decomposed cow dung layer-wise
into the tank up to a depth of 0.5-1.0 ft.

7. After adding all the bio-wastes, release the earthworm species over the mixture and cover
the compost mixture with dry straw or gunny bags.

8. Sprinkle water on a regular basis to maintain the moisture content of the compost.

9. Cover the tank with a thatch roof to prevent the entry of ants, lizards, mouse, snakes, etc.
and protect the compost from rainwater and direct sunshine.

10. Have a frequent check to avoid the compost from overheating. Maintain proper moisture
and temperature

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Importance of Vermicomposting.
Vermicompost is stable, fine granular organic manure, which enriches soil quality by
improving its physicochemical and biological properties. It is highly useful in raising
seedlings and for crop production. Vermicompost is becoming popular as a major component
of organic farming system

Vermicomposting is regarded as a clean, sustainable, and zero-waste approach to manage

organic wastes but there are still some constraints in the popularization of vermicomposting.
Instead of increasing research in the field of vermicomposting, practical application of
vermicomposting needs more attention. Vermicomposting on a large scale is required to solve
the problem of waste disposal effectively and on a global level. One of the major constraints
is the lack of awareness and proper knowledge regarding vermicomposting and the use of
vermicompost. It is necessary to guide farmers about vermicomposting and the appropriate
use of vermicompost by organizing various training and extension activities. Innovative and
effective agricultural activities must be developed to educate and assist farmers for organic
farming. They should be educated about the process of vermicomposting and quantities of
vermicompost that should be applied to achieve the best results in agricultural fields [9].
Higher cost of organic fertilizer than synthetic fertilizer is also an obstacle for farmers to
adopt organic farming on a large scale. Mass application of vermicompost is not achieved due
to the failure of policy implementation related to vermicompost technology.
Maintaining a continuous supply of organic waste, water, temperature, and moisture are
major hurdles that complicate the process of vermicomposting [100]. Most of the wastes
require a bulking substrate (most extensively, animal manure) and precomposting before
vermicomposting. Transportation cost also makes the process more expensive. The combined
effect of all these problems has hindered the commercial scale popularity of

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vermicomposting. However, a few studies are available that reported direct vermicomposting
of organic wastes (phytomass) without any precomposting or manure supplementation [98].
Furthermore, some problems are also associated with the use of vermicompost as fertilizer,
such as phytotoxic substances, high salt concentrations, and heavy metal content, which
negatively affect plant growth and development [39]. In some cases, use of immature
vermicompost also prevented seed germination and plant growth [2]. This may be due to the
difference in soil type and meteorologic conditions of that particular area. Future research
must be focused on the development of high rates of vermicomposting directly without any
supplementation and on proficiency in the technology. In-depth research is required to study
the composition of immature vermicompost and its application failure and to determine
vermicompost concentrations under typical soil-water plant-micrometeorologic regimes. This
will help in the augmentation of organic farming and popularization of vermicomposting for
environmental sustainability.

Advantages and Deadvatages of Vermicomposting.

 Advantages of vermicompost

 Vermicompost helps improve soil structure, texture, porosity, water holding capacity,
drainage, and aeration and reduce erosion.

 It improves plant growth by enabling the growth of new shoots and leaves, thereby
increasing productivity.

 It helps to neutralize the pH of the soil.

 Vermicompost enhances the soil’s microbial activity and adds beneficial microbes,
lowers the pest and disease incidence.

 It is easy to apply and handle, economical and does not have a foul odor.

 It is free from any pathogens or harmful materials.

 It contains several micro and macronutrients, vitamins, enzymes and hormones like
auxins and gibberellins.

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 Disadvantages of Vermicompost

 Odor- If not done properly, it releases a bad odor. Filling the compost bin with green
plants forms ammonia and produces the smell. Adding carbon sources like paper
helps to neutralize the smell.

 Time- It is a time-consuming process and usually takes 2-3 months for completing the
process

 Maintenance- Temperature needs to be maintained for better action by earthworms.

The bad odor attracts rodents and flies. So, the bin should be covered properly.

REFERENCE
1. Internet
2. Various websites.
3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338320680_Urban_Sol
id_Waste_Management_Techniques_With_Special_Reference_to_
Vermicomposting
4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-
sciences/solid-waste-disposal.
5. Teacher help.
6. Techmax and Nirali book.

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