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A Social History of Ethiopia.

The Northern and Central Highlands from Eariy Medieval Times


to the Rise of Emperor Téwodros II by Richard Pankhurst
Review by: Bairu Tafla
Africa Spectrum, Vol. 26, No. 3 (1991), pp. 424-425
Published by: Institute of African Affairs at GIGA, Hamburg/Germany
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40174467 .
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ohne das Standardwerk zur amerikanischen last ßve decades by cultural, diplomatic, econo-
Afrikapolitik unter Kennedy vorgelegt Mit sei- mic and geographical aspects of history, the
ner ungeheuren Detailfülle ist das Buch eine last two of which have been chiefly the contri-
wahre Fundgrube für alle, die sich mit diesen butions of Richard Pankhurst who has taught
Jahren der US-Außenpolitik auseinanderset- and researched in the country now for over
zen. Der Autor betätigt sich erfolgreich als thirty years. He has again come up with an ori-
"Mythenkiller",das eingangs referierte positive ginal area of Ethiopian history hitherto neglec-
Kennedybild muß einschneidend revidiert wer- ted by scholars except for the recent past which
den. Trotz seines sehr kritischen Bildes von der has been reiteratively surveyed in connection
amerikanischen Politik argumentiert Leimgru- with the Revolutioo. The title would have been
ber an keiner Stelle platt anti- amerikanisch, misleading had the author not added a re-
wenn er sich auch punktuell polemische Äuße- vealing subtitle which he explains further in the
rungen nicht verkneifen kann. Doch jedes Ur- introduction: "The present volume, which is
teil wird detailliert belegt Positiv ist auch her- planned as the flrst of a series dealing with va-
vorzuheben, daß - wo möglich und sinnvoll - rious aspects of the countr/s varied social hi-
Forschungskontroversen aufgegriffen und theo- story, is devoted by and large to the northern
retische Modelle zum Beispiel zur Außenpolitik and central highlands, and Covers the period
miteinbezogen werden. Kritisch könnte man from early medieval times to the reign of Em-
formulieren, daß bei der Vielzahl der Einzelhei- peror Tewodros II which is considered a tur-
ten der rote Faden gelegentlich verloren geht -
ning-point in the countr/s history and serves
Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich bewußt at the same time as a point of departure for the
ausschließlich auf die amerikanische Seite. Das dramatic changes that were to characterise the
ist sicher legitim. Doch selbst wenn eine detail- late nineteenth and twentieth centuries" (p. xi).
lierte Untersuchung der Haltung der afrikani- "Medieval times" is, it should be noted, to be
schen Staaten den Rahmen natürlich gesprengt understood as the period of Ethiopian history
hätte, wären hier und da ein paar substantielle- between the late thirteenth and the mid-nine-
re Informationen zum afrikanischen Part der teenth centuries, a classülcation which scarcely
Arbeit zugute gekommen. Das Hauptverdienst conforms with other historical writings but
der Arbeit wird dadurch aber keinesfalls ge- which has commonly been upheld by the Uni-
schmälert versity of Addis Ababa. The greater part of this
Andreas Eckert period is well documented by royal chronicles
and hagiographies as well as by the accounts of
foreign missiooaries and travellers, a wealth
which apparently hired the scholar to commen-
RICHARD PANKHURST ce his study of social history with this particu-
A Social History of Ethiopia- The Northern lar period.
and Central Highlands from Eariy Medieval The approach is rather descriptive, as the
Times to the Rise of Emperor Tewodros II. author himself puts it: "It is intended to present
Institute of Ethiopian Studies - Addis Ababa a survey based on available sources, and there-
- and ELM Publications - Eng-
University by to lay a groundwork for other writers to de-
- -
land (Addis Ababa Huntingdon, Cambs, velop more ambitious, comprehensive and in-
1990) xii + 371 pages, 76 illustrations; £ 14.95; terpretative, studies of old-time Ethiopian li-
ISBN 1-85450-040-6 fe" (p. xi). As such, conspicuous social grou-
pings and institutions are treated: children, the
1t is gratifying to observe the scope of Ethiopi- peasantry, soldiers, the nobility, the monarchy,
an history expanding gradually with the inter- the clergy, traders, craftsmen, slaves, and wo-
mittent, scholarly opening of new perspectives. men. Miscellaneous issues related to social de-
Political history, with religious history as its ad- velopments are squeezed in a conchiding part
junct, had constituted the essence of Ethiopian Each of the major topics repeats itself in the
history since its establishment in the late seven- flrst three parts of the book which are devoted
teenth Centuryby the German scholar Hiob Lu- to various sub-periods. This method is not
dolf. lt has been supplemented mainly in the without a certain drawbacL Since the sub-peri-

424

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ods adhered to belong to political history and liche Fakultät dieser Universität auf einer zwei-
do not necessarily rcflect marked social chan- ten Schiene der internationalen Öffentlichkeit
ges, the partition is somewhat deceptive. 1t also vorstellt (neben ihrer Jahrbuchreihe "Annais of
hampers a clear overview of the intensity and Borno", vgl afrika Spektrum 87/2). Liwuram
signÜicance of the changes that have taken pla- wird praktisch ausschließlich mit "Bordmitteln"
ce within the ooc or other group throughout hergestellt, seit VoL 2 sogar in einer universität-
the centurics unless of course the reader sur- seigenen Druckerei (University of Maiduguri
mounts the problem by decidedly sticking to a Printing Press). Auf die damit verbundenen
topic at a timc and keeps on jumping to the technischen Probleme läßt sich nur indirekt
respective sections. One cannot help asking in schließen: Schon VoL 1 (1985) erschien ver-
this connection whether the fragmentation did spätet 1986 (vgL Vorwort VoL 3:5), VoL 2
not affect the author's attention when he, for (1986) trägt bereits das Datum Juni 1987 unter
example, underlined women's right to land ow- dem Herausgebervorwort; VoL 3 (1987) wäre
nership around 1700 through such a rhetorical demnach auch erst im Januar 1989 in Druck
assertion in part 11 as, the "... noble women of gegangen. Als Chefherausgeber fungiert in al-
the Gondarine period, unlike their sisters in len drei dem Rezensenten vorliegenden Bänden
much of the Middle East and many other parts -
jeweils ein anderer Politik oder Ausdruck von
of the world, including Great Britain, at that ti- Frustrationen ("Sonic setbacks have often
me, exercised considcrable control over landed thwarted the efforts and good intentions of the
property" (p. 114) although he had already csta- Editiorial Board" a.a.O.)? "Ut desint vires, ta-
blished in part 1 (p. 69) that women in Ethiopia rnen es laudanda voluntas" sind wir geneigt aus
could own land at least as early as the begin- dem Oberlieferungsschatz abendländischen
ning of the sixteenth Century. This is not so Kulturerbes Ovid zu zitieren und den Herausge-
much a contradiction as an ambigirity whether bern erfolgreiche Weiterarbeit in der Zukunft
the Gondarine gender egalitarianism was a cli- zu wünschen.
max of the social evolution that begao Mit VoL 3 scheint Liwuram das endgültige
hundreds of years before, a revolutionary inno- Format gefunden zu haben, nicht nur, was Ab-
vaüoo of lyasu and his successors or a mere re- messungen und Logo (von A. L. Satti entwor-
velaüon of a tradition through the abundance fen) betrifft, sondern auch die inhaltliche Glie-
of documentation. The work is otherwise derung. Die Sektion "Arücles" ist nunmehr
readable and informative and Stands out at pre- nach Disziplinen geordnet (in VoL 3 "History -
sent as the only monograph on the subject - -
Language in Education Linguistics Literatu-
With a congratulation to the author, we await re - Mass Communication"), dann folgen "Re-
the publication of the remaining volumes. views" und "Poems". Am Schluß bieten die
BairuTafla "Notes on Contributors" nützliche Hinweise auf
akademische Position und Interessenschwer-
punkte von Kollegen, die hierzulande oftmals
nur den wenigsten namentlich bekannt sein
dürften.
"LIWURAM" Journal of the humanities. Folgen wir der "Notice to Contributors"
Faculty of Arts. University of Maiduguri/Nige- (VoL 3:142), so akzeptiert Liwuram Beiträge
ria. Vols. 1-3, 1985-1987, ISSN: 0189-8388. aus aller Welt, also nicht nur von Mitgliedern
Preis: $ 5.00 pro Heft der eigenen Universität, "whose primary focus
is on the development and promotion of know-
"Liwuram"ist ein Wort aus der Sprache der ledge that is relevant to Nigerian and African
Kanuri, dem Herrschaftsvolk in Bornu, Nord- needs" - eine recht vage und darum vielleicht
ostnigeria, in dessen Hauptstadt die Universität sogar praktische, allerdings ideologisch äußerst
von Maiduguri angesiedelt ist es bedeutet anfallige Definition der inhaltlichen Politik der
"Bündel von Dokumenten wichtigen (geistli- Zeitschrift In der Praxis der drei vorliegenden
- welch Vols. hat diese Politik denn auch keine spürba-
chen) Inhalts islamischer Gelehrter"
ein schöner Name für eine wissenschaftliche ren einschränkenden Auswirkungen, wenn un-
Zeitschrift, mit der sich die geisteswissenschaft- ter die "Nigerian and African needs" sympathi-

425

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