BLOOD

What is blood?
Blood Plasma
Blood is a fluid that flows in the blood vessels
to and from the body's various cells to supply
Red Blood cells
them with their nutritional needs and rid
them of toxins.
White Blood cells
It flows through the blood vessels and the
circulatory system to reach all parts and
areas of the body. Blood consists of a number Platelets
of components, each of which performs a
specific function. Plasma
Is the main component of human blood, which gives blood its
liquid appearance. It is the liquid part of the cells that make
up blood, and it consists of water and a group of other various
substances. Blood plasma constitutes 55% of the blood, while
the remaining percentage is for the cells that make up other
blood, which we will enumerate later.

Blood plasma consists of the following:

92% water, important proteins by 7%., Minerals, salts, sugars,

hormones and vitamins, which constitute 1%.
Red blood cells

Red blood cells are cells that make up 40-45% of the blood
fluid, and are in the form of concave, circular plates on both
sides. They are characterized by their flexibility and their
ability to change their shape, which allows them to move
freely and pass easily through the blood vessels.
White blood cells
Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow, and it takes
approximately 7 days for them to become mature cells and be
White blood cells are cells made in the bone marrow. They are
released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream.
usually found in the blood and lymphatic tissue. They are part
Red blood cells give the blood its distinctive color and are of the immune system to help fight various diseases.
responsible for transporting oxygen to the cells and ridding
White blood cells make up only approximately 1% of the
them of carbon dioxide.
blood, and they come in several different types, as follows:

Granulocytes: This type includes 3 types of white blood cells:

basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils (Neutrophils).

Lymphocytes: This type includes 3 types of white blood cells:

T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells.

Monocytes: These cells constitute 2-8% of the white blood

cells in the body.

Platelets
Platelets are not actual cells, just bits and pieces of cells, and
are mainly responsible for blood clotting.

Therefore, any increase in its percentage may increase the

chances of clotting and coagulation in the blood, which
causes clots and heart attacks, while a decrease in its
percentage may cause severe bleeding.

What is the function of blood?
Blood carries out the delivery service in the body, as it works to:
Carrying oxygen, water and nutrients to all tissues of the body,
It collects waste from the tissues and takes it until it is removed.
It holds cells and proteins that help defend the body against
foreign substances
All cells in the body need oxygen and water to live, and the body's
cells need nutrients such as sugar, proteins and fats as well. Blood
picks up oxygen in the lungs, and water and nutrients from the
stomach and intestines.
Blood diseases that affect red blood cells
Blood diseases and disorders that can affect red blood cells include:
Iron deficiency anemia: The body uses iron to form red blood cells, so
iron deficiency causes a decrease in the number of red blood cells,
causing anemia. Low intake and absorption of iron, and bleeding
resulting from the menstrual cycle in women are among the most
common causes of iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia is one of the
most common types of blood diseases in children.
Pernicious anemia: It is anemia caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12,
and occurs as a result of a lack of this vitamin in the diet, or
insufficient absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine.
Symptoms of Blood Diseases
Shortness of breath. Lack of concentration. Muscle weakness.
Tired. Rapid heartbeat. Bluish or pale skin.
Symptoms of blood diseases that affect white blood cells include:
Tired.
Frequent infections or chronic infections.
Unexplained weight loss. Night sweats.
BLOOD
The body's cells produce waste when they process nutrients.
Oxygen and nutrients are transformed into carbon dioxide and
chemical waste that becomes part of the urine. The blood
transports carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is exhaled. Waste
is transported to the kidneys, where it is filtered from the blood
into the urine. The blood carries other wastes to the liver, where
they undergo further processing and are removed.
The immune system is the body's defense system against
microbes that invade it, such as germs and cancer cells, and blood
carries the cells and proteins of the immune system to the place
where they are needed.
What problems can occur in the blood?
Common blood problems usually include:
-Having too few or too many red blood cells
-Having too few or too many white blood cells
-Having too few or too many platelets
-Having too few red blood cells (anemia) causes weakness and
fatigue because the body's tissues cannot get enough oxygen.
Having too many red blood cells can cause a health problem
called polycythemia Vera.
While having too few white blood cells makes a person more
likely to get infections, having too many white blood cells can be a
sign of a type of blood cancer called leukemia.
Blood diseases that affect Platelets
Having too few platelets increases the risk of bleeding after The most common blood diseases that affect platelets include:
injuries or surgery, or even for no reason at all. Having too many Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: It is a condition that causes a
platelets makes it difficult for the blood to clot normally, and this persistent lack of platelets for unknown reasons, which may cause
can cause too much blood to clot or clot abnormally. Not enough. easy bruising on the skin and abnormal bleeding.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: It is a rare blood disorder that
causes blood clotting and the formation of small clots in blood vessels
throughout the body. The use of platelets to form clots causes a
decrease in the number of platelets.
Essential thrombocythemia: It is a condition that occurs as a result of
the body producing too many platelets for unknown reasons, which
leads to the platelets not working properly, causing hypercoagulation,
bleeding, or both.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a low platelet count resulting
from the use of medications containing the blood thinner heparin.
Blood diseases that affect blood Plasma
Some types of blood diseases that affect blood plasma include:
Von Willebrand disease: Von Willebrand disease occurs as a result of a deficiency
of von Willebrand factor, which helps blood clotting, either as a result of a lack of
production of this factor in the body, or as a result of the production of a factor
that does not work well. It is a hereditary condition, and people with von
Willebrand disease often do not know about their infection. The disease does
not show symptoms of this condition.
Hemophilia: Hemophilia occurs as a result of a deficiency in some proteins that
help blood clot. Hemophilia is divided into several types, ranging in severity
from mild hemophilia to life-threatening hemophilia.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation: It is a condition that causes blood clots
and bleeding throughout the body at the same time. This condition can occur as
a result of pregnancy complications, surgery, or as a result of severe infections.