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 When the United States and Spain went to war over Cuba,
the Philippines joined the side of the U.S. On June 12, 1898,
Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippine
islands, and in January 1899 he became the president. While
the Filipinos believed that a U.S. defeat of Spain would lead
to a free Philippines, the U.S. refused to recognize the new
government.
 Spanish presence in the Philippines comprises 333 years of
Spanish rule, from 1565 (the conquest of Cebu and Manila,
with the latter’s designation as the principal seat of the
Spanish domain in the archipelago) and 1898 (with the end of
the Philippine Revolution and the cession by Spain of the
Philippines to the United States). The conquest of the
Philippines was led by the Commander Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi and Fray Andres de Urdaneta, who succeeded in
subjugating Manila and laying the foundation of the Manila-
Acapulco Galleon Trade.
 In 1892 Jose Rizal founded Liga Filipina, and in 1895
Andres Bonifacio organized the Katipunan, a fraternal
brotherhood of Filipino nationalists committed to
independence. Emilo Aguinaldo joined the Katipunan in 1895
and became its leader in the Cavite Province. Once initiated,
Aguinaldo became known as Magdalo, named after Mary
Magdalene.
In 1896 the armed struggle began in Manila and quickly
spread throughout the country. Aguinaldo defeated Spanish
forces in several battles and rose to become the leader of
Katipunan. Aguinaldo had Bonifacio arrested and executed in
1897.
 The Philippines is named after King Philip II, the
monarch who ruled Spain in the 16th century, when
Spain claimed the archipelago as a colony. The name
was coined, when Philip was still a prince, by the
Spanish conquistador Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, who
sailed from Mexico in 1542 in hopes of reaching the
Philippines but was unable to find a way back.
 Ferdinand Magellan was the first European recorded to
have landed in the Philippines. He arrived in March
1521 during his circumnavigation of the globe. He
claimed land for the king of Spain but was killed by a
local chief.

On April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu, together with the men

of Mactan, fought Magellan and the change he wanted to
bring with the Spanish flag. Under the leadership of
Lapu-Lapu, Magellan and his men were successfully
defeated. Today, Lapu-Lapu is regarded as the first
national hero of the Philippines.
 The Battle of Mactan was a fierce clash fought in
the archipelago of the Philippines on April 27, 1521. The
warriors of Lapu-lapu, one of the Datus of Mactan,
overpowered and defeated a Spanish force fighting
for Rajah Humabon of Cebu under the command
of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who was killed
in the battle. The outcome of the battle resulted in the
departure of the Spanish crew from the archipelago of the
Philippines.
 Bonifacio was a founding member of the Katipunan, a
secret society of revolutionaries. He is known as the
"Father of the Philippine Revolution" since he started the
Philippine revolution against the Spanish Empire.

Emilio Aguinaldo was the first of the great Filipino

revolutionaries and a forerunner of the band of Asian
patriots who fought in the 20th century to free their
countries from colonial domination. He led the Filipino
revolt against Spain in 1896, fighting with a collection of
barefoot peasants.
 Outraged by the betrayal, the Philippine republic declared
war on the United States. Emilio Aguinaldo, after fighting
with the U.S. against Spain, was captured by the U.S. military
in 1901 and declared allegiance to the United States. By the
end of the Philippine War in 1902, more 40,000 Filipinos and
4,000 American soldiers were dead.

When the United States and Spain went to war over Cuba,
the Philippines joined the side of the U.S. On June 12, 1898,
Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippine
islands, and in January 1899 he became the president. While
the Filipinos believed that a U.S. defeat of Spain would lead
to a free Philippines, the U.S. refused to recognize the new
government.