Work Booklet: Week 1

Names of Letters

Sounds & english equivilants

1
Week 2

2
Week 3

Letters in Various Forms

Each letter of the Arabic alphabet may exist in upto 4 different forms when written, depending on
whether a letter is connected to it or not. The 4 forms are:
1. Independent – the letter is not connected to anything
2. Initial – the letter is only connected to a letter after it
3. Medial – the letter is connected to a letter both before and after it
4. Final – the letter is only connected to a letter before it

The following table illustrates each letter in its various forms. Note that some letters do not exist in all 4
forms. The table reads from right to left.

Final Medial Initial Independent

‫ﺎ‬ Cannot join to a Cannot join to a ‫ ا‬alif

letter after letter after

‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ب‬baa

‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ت‬taa

‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ ث‬tha

‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ ج‬jeem

3
‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ ح‬haa

‫ﺦ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ خ‬kha

‫ﺪ‬ Cannot join to a

letter after
Cannot join to a
letter after
‫ د‬daal

‫ﺬ‬ Cannot join to a

letter after
Cannot join to a
letter after
‫ ذ‬dhaal

‫ﺮ‬ Cannot join to a

letter after
Cannot join to a
letter after
‫ ر‬raa

‫ﺰ‬ Cannot join to a

letter after
Cannot join to a
letter after
‫ ز‬Zay

‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ س‬seen

‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ش‬sheen

4
‫ﺺ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫‪ saad‬ص‬

‫ﺾ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫‪ dawd‬ض‬

‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫‪ ta‬ط‬

‫ﻈ‬ ‫ﻆ‬ ‫ﻇ‬ ‫‪ tha‬ظ‬

‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫‪ ayn‬ع‬

‫ﻎ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫‪ ghayn‬غ‬

‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫‪ faa‬ف‬

‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫‪ qaaf‬ق‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ ك‬kaaf

‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ ل‬laam

‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ م‬meem

‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ ن‬nun

‫ﻮ‬ Cannot join to a

letter after
Cannot join to a
letter after
‫ و‬waw

‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ ه‬haa

‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﻱ‬yaa

6
‫‪Practice 3 letter combinations‬‬

‫ﺗﺪم‬ ‫ا ﻣﺖ‬ ‫ا ﺑﺖ‬

‫تدم‬ ‫امت‬ ‫ابت‬
‫ﺗﺪم‬ ‫اﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﺑﺖ‬

‫قبل‬ ‫لقب‬ ‫بلق‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻖ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪Week 4: Exercise: practice & recognition‬‬

‫اج‬ ‫اث‬ ‫ات‬ ‫اب‬

‫ﺑﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺬ‬ ‫ﺛﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺦ‬
‫ﺻﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﺾ‬ ‫زش‬ ‫زس‬
‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫امل‬ ‫ﻇﻎ‬ ‫ﻇﻊ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Week 5‬‬

‫‪Exercise: 3 letter word practice‬‬

‫فرت‬ ‫فتب‬ ‫درج‬ ‫دخل‬

‫نشط‬ ‫نمر‬ ‫اسد‬ ‫الم‬

‫قلب‬ ‫لكب‬ ‫ضيل‬ ‫طرق‬

‫صفح‬ ‫ورق‬ ‫قلم‬ ‫سلم‬

‫حعك‬ ‫زغه‬ ‫قصص‬ ‫شطط‬

‫اذن‬ ‫يهب‬ ‫لعن‬ ‫رسل‬

‫‪9‬‬
Other letters

‫ء‬ Hamza

When alif takes a vowel it changes into a hamza. This symbol sits on its own or on ‫أ إ ؤ ئ‬
For example:

‫ألم أقل أمن‬

‫سئل جئت بإل‬

10
Hamzatul wasl

Taa marbutah
This is like at taa ‫ت‬. It will only be found at the end of a word.
For examples:

‫فاطمة صديقة خدجية‬

11
WEEK 6

Vowels

In Arabic every letter in a word has a vowel or an absence of a vowel.

There are 3 types of vowels in the Arabic language.

َa ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬

Fatah

Above the letter

َe ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬

Kasra

Below the letter

َu ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬

Damma

Above the letter

12
Vowel: Fatḥa َ
N.B blue letters: heavy/thick letters: tafkheem

‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬

‫ص‬ ‫ش‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬

‫ق‬ ‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬

‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬

Exercise: 3 letter words with the vowel Fatḥa

‫ظلم‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫سق‬ ‫بلغ‬ ‫أبت‬

‫خلق‬ ‫زعم‬ ‫وهب‬ ‫ضب‬ ‫حكم‬

‫ظهر‬ ‫أخش‬ ‫غف ر‬ ‫ذهب‬ ‫حض‬

13
 ‫‪Vowel: Kasra‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫إ‬

‫ص‬ ‫ش‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬

‫ق‬ ‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬

‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬

‫‪Exercise: 3 letter words with the vowel Kasra‬‬

‫تد‬ ‫شهد‬ ‫ط لب‬ ‫خس‬ ‫علم‬

‫غسق‬ ‫إرم‬ ‫يدي‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫رحم‬

‫شية‬ ‫يئس‬ ‫و رق‬ ‫م لك‬ ‫غضب‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪Vowel: Ḍamma‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬

‫ص‬ ‫ش‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬

‫ق‬ ‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬

‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬

‫‪Exercise: 3 letter words with the vowel Damma‬‬

‫تضع‬ ‫خلق‬ ‫رسل‬ ‫سبل‬ ‫ص حف‬

‫سقط‬ ‫ق در‬ ‫زب ر‬ ‫كب‬ ‫يهب‬

‫خبث‬ ‫كتب‬ ‫زب ر‬ ‫منع‬ ‫وعد‬

‫‪15‬‬
Week 7

Mixed vowel practice

‫كتب‬ ‫جعل‬ ‫ترك‬ ‫لعب‬

‫ط لب‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫زك‬ ‫رمس‬

‫ترك‬ ‫كدخ‬ ‫نبل‬ ‫َحد‬

‫فقطع‬ ‫عم ل ك‬ ‫أبل‬ ‫ضجأ‬

Double vowels: Tanween

They are only found on a letter at the end of a word.

‫ با‬double fatha above the letter.

Fathatain: AN

*This will always be accompanied with a

alif.

‫ب‬
Kasratain: IN
double kasra below the letter

‫ب‬
Dammatain: UN
double damma above the letter

16
‫‪Fathatain: Double Fatha‬‬

‫‪*Only Fathatain accompanies with a alif‬‬

‫خا‬ ‫حا‬ ‫جا‬ ‫ثا‬ ‫تا‬ ‫با‬ ‫أ‬

‫صا‬ ‫شا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫زا‬ ‫را‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ذا‬

‫قا‬ ‫فا‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫طا‬ ‫ضا‬

‫يا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ها‬ ‫نا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬

‫‪Exercise with Fathatain‬‬

‫ثمنا‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫أبدا‬ ‫كفوا‬

‫غدقا‬ ‫حكما‬ ‫جنفا‬ ‫سرا‬

‫رشدا‬ ‫زلقا‬ ‫كذبا‬ ‫شططا‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫‪Kasratain: Double vowel‬‬ ‫َ‬

‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫إ‬

‫ش ص‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬

‫ق‬ ‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬

‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬

‫‪Exercise with Kasratain‬‬

‫علق‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫مسد‬ ‫كبد‬

‫درس‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫ن هر‬ ‫فلق‬

‫فرش‬ ‫بدم‬ ‫عوج‬ ‫ف لك‬

‫‪18‬‬
Dammatain: Double vowel ฀

Exercise with dammatain

‫أذن‬ ‫زب د‬ ‫نس‬ ‫أش‬

‫ول‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫نصب‬ ‫ج دد‬

‫ثم ر‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫قرت‬ ‫خشب‬

19
WEEK 8

Stretching letters:
There are 6 places when you stretch the letters.

1. When a Fatḥa is followed by a alif (‫ )ا‬for example ‫با‬

2. When a Kasra is followed by a Ya (‫)ي‬for example ‫ب‬

3. When a dhomma is followed by Waw (‫بو )و‬

4. When a fatha is followed by a mini alif

5. When a kasra is followed by a mini Ya

6. When ia dhomma is followed by a mini waw

20
‫‪When a letter with a Fatha is followed by an Alif (alif madd) : Stretch for two counts‬‬

‫خا‬ ‫حا‬ ‫جا‬ ‫ثا‬ ‫تا‬ ‫با‬ ‫أا‬

‫صا‬ ‫شا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫زا‬ ‫را‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ذا‬

‫قا‬ ‫فا‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫طا‬ ‫ضا‬

‫َ‬
‫يا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ها‬ ‫نا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬

‫‪Exercise:‬‬

‫تاب‬ ‫قام‬ ‫ران‬ ‫ذات‬

‫كتب‬ ‫عمن‬ ‫سنا‬ ‫كم ا‬

‫ن س ار ع‬ ‫ف ق ال‬ ‫ءامن‬ ‫ر بم ا‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫‪ ya (yaa madd):‬ي ‪When a letter with kasra on it is followed by at‬‬

‫َ‬
‫خ‬ ‫ِح‬ ‫ِج‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫ِت‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫إ ِي‬

‫ِص‬ ‫ِش‬ ‫ِس‬ ‫ِزي‬ ‫ِذي ِري‬ ‫ِدي‬

‫ِق‬ ‫ِف‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ِع‬ ‫ِظ‬ ‫ِط‬ ‫ِض‬

‫ِي‬ ‫ِوي‬ ‫ِه‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫ِك‬

‫‪Exercise:‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫ح َ‬
‫مبِي‬ ‫سبِيل‬ ‫فِي ِه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ش ِهيد‬ ‫بنِي ِه‬ ‫ِريع‬ ‫قِيل‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َعل ِيَ‬
‫م ِصيبة‬ ‫ع ِظيم‬ ‫ِعبا ِدي‬

‫‪22‬‬
‫‪Exercise: Practice Stretching letters‬‬

‫طعاما‬ ‫سيل‬ ‫هود‬ ‫عب‬

‫إيمان‬ ‫عسية‬ ‫فاطمة‬ ‫يريد‬

‫طباقا‬ ‫ثبات‬ ‫جناح‬ ‫حارون‬

‫طعاما‬ ‫قلوب‬ ‫بيوت‬ ‫ترابا‬

‫رءوف‬ ‫عيون‬ ‫مبارك‬ ‫هضيم‬

‫‪23‬‬
Letter followed by Mini alif, waw, yaa

َ
‫ ب‬when a letter has a fatha followed by a ‘mini alif’ you stretch for two counts.
َ َ َ َََ
‫هذ ا‬ ‫ك‬
ِ ِ ‫مل‬ ‫قتل‬

฀‫ ب‬when a letter has a damma and followed by a mini waw stretch for two counts.

‫مع ه‬ ‫خلق‬ ฀‫فله‬

ۧ ‫ ب‬when a letter has a kasra followed by a mini yaa stretch for two counts.

ۧ ‫رسله‬ ۧ ‫عمله ۧ دونه‬

Yaa that acts like an alif: Alif maqsura

Sometimes you see the dotless yaa act like an an alif.

This is a yaa ‫ ي‬but without the dots like ‫ى‬.

When a fatha preceeds it, the fatha is stretched for two counts.

The dotless yaa also has a mini standing alif on it.

24
Week 9

Letters absent of a vowel : Sukun ฀

This is when a letter does not have a vowel on it and it has the symbol on ฀ the letter.
This indicates that you join the letter before with the sukun letter.

For example

‫ ب = أب‬+ ‫( أ‬ab)

‫ ر = بر‬+ ‫( ب‬bar)

‫ ت = فت‬+ ‫( ف‬fat)

‫ م = هم‬+ ‫( ه‬hum)

‫ ك = ملك‬+ ‫ ل‬+ ‫( م‬mulku)

25
 ‫‪Exercise: Joining exercises‬‬

‫أث‬ ‫إث‬ ‫إب أب أت إت أت أث‬ ‫أب‬

‫أج‬ ‫إج‬ ‫أج‬ ‫أخ‬ ‫إخ‬ ‫أخ‬ ‫أح‬ ‫إح‬ ‫أح‬

‫أر‬ ‫إر‬ ‫أر‬ ‫أذ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫أذ‬ ‫أد‬ ‫إد‬ ‫أد‬

‫أس إس أس أش إش أش‬ ‫أز‬ ‫إز‬ ‫أز‬

‫أط‬ ‫إط‬ ‫أص إص أص أض إض أض أط‬

‫أغ‬ ‫إغ‬ ‫أغ‬ ‫أع‬ ‫إع‬ ‫أع‬ ‫أظ‬ ‫إظ‬ ‫أظ‬

‫أك‬ ‫إك‬ ‫أك‬ ‫أق‬ ‫إق‬ ‫أق‬ ‫إف أف‬ ‫أف‬

‫أن‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أم‬ ‫إم‬ ‫أم‬ ‫أل‬ ‫إل‬ ‫أل‬

‫أه‬ ‫إه‬ ‫أه‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪Exercise: Combining rules:‬‬

‫أدبر‬ ‫نشطا‬ ‫فلن‬ ‫منه‬ ‫لهم‬

‫نضة‬ ‫أظلم‬ ‫لمن‬ ‫خ ل قا‬ ‫فصل‬

‫تقهر‬ ‫وزرك‬ ‫مثلها‬ ‫يهاجر‬ ‫بإذن‬

‫يؤمن‬ ‫ش أن‬ ‫كنتم‬ ‫يذكرون‬ ‫أثقالها‬

‫أحصتم‬ ‫نعل‬ ‫تأكلون يدخلون‬ ‫وأمر‬

‫ُمممد‬ ‫إبرهيم‬ ‫نضة‬ ‫ويؤثرون‬ ‫كنتم‬

‫‪27‬‬
Excersie

1. Spot any fathas, kasra, damma

2. Spot any standing alif

3. Spot any yaa madd

4. Spot any sukuns

5. Spot any tanween

6. Spot any hamza tul wasl

28