“ALPAS”: BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH JOURNAL

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MONEY

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF UNEMPLOYED RESIDENTS AT
BARANGAY SIBACAN, BALANGA CITY, BATAAN
Belleza , Apilit , Manzanero3, Mendoza4, Pinili5, Aguinaldo6, Baluyot7, Ramos8, Paredes9,
1 2
Perez10, Millan11 , Vitug12
Bataan National High School – Senior High School
ellainebelleza@gmail.com1, jayakaynaa@gmail.com2, amrystephanie@gmail.com3,
ryzamendoza09@gmail.com4, pinilijulia@gmail.com5, aguinaldonaomi@gmail.com6,
arielbbaluyot@gmail.com7, ramoskenet4@gmail.com8, paredescolleen75@gmail.com9,
leeperez4youonly@gmail.com10, glyzamillan10@gmail.com11 michaellavitug0813@gmail.com12

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Abstract — The study seeks to determine whether there is a significant difference in the
money management practices of unemployed residents at Barangay Sibacan when grouped according
to their profile amidst the high inflation rate. The findings will benefit the local barangay and will be

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used as additional data. Purposive sampling was utilized which included seventy-eight unemployed
residents of different marital statuses and sex. This study employed a qualitative research design
through survey questionnaires. The results report that there is no significant difference between the

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money management practices of unemployed residents of Barangay Sibacan when grouped according
to their profile. However, there is a significant difference in the budgeting of unemployed residents in
terms of marital status.

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Keywords — unemployed, money management, inflation

INTRODUCTION reality, almost everything in life requires it.

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Inflation is defined as the rate at which Individuals rely on money daily, especially
prices climb over a particular period. The term amidst the current economic uncertainty (Barr
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"inflation" often refers to a broad measure, for and McClellan 2018). Therefore, money
instance, the total increase in prices and the management entails planning, budgeting,
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change in a country's cost of living. It could spending, investing, and other methods of
also be measured more precisely for some controlling how much money an individual or
products, including food, or even for services, organization uses (Chen, 2022). Thus, it states
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like a haircut. In any situation, inflation refers that people use money to acquire their own
to how much more expensive the essential set needs and desires. Inflation has a huge impact
of goods and services has grown over a certain since money is one of mankind's daily needs
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time frame, most commonly a year (Ceyda, and requirements. Individuals will have to
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2020). Generally, it argues that inflation manage their money: plan, budget, spend and
makes products and services more expensive. invest.
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It can also refer to the loss of money value,

due to consumers being unable to purchase as
much as they used to. As inflation rises, the
peso's value falls rapidly.
According to the study by Zulfaris et.
al. (2020) money is essential for fulfilling many
of the necessities in life. Even though there is
a saying that money is not everything, in
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There are several money management
practices an individual can utilize involving
budgeting, cash management, recordkeeping,
and financial control. Budgeting is a way of
financial management, which consists of
building a budget based on budgets of
individual activities (Kucherenko, 2010).
Consequently, budgeting is a capacious
 “ALPAS”: BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH JOURNAL
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concept that includes methods and processes
of financial management, as well as resource
allocation management, allowing achieving
certain goals (Subbotina et. al., 2014)
Cash management refers to the process
of collecting and managing cash flows. Cash
management can be important for both
individuals and companies. It is a key
component of a company's financial stability in
business. Cash is also essential for people's
financial stability while also usually
considered as part of a total wealth portfolio.
Individuals and businesses have different
options to help them with their cash
management needs, including banks to hold
their cash assets (Kenton, 2021).
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Every money management strategy, no
matter how simple, necessitates some form of
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record keeping. Keeping written records to
understand where an individual’s money is
going is essential in money management
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(University of Nebraska, 2019)
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Financial control is the third area of
financial management. Financial control can
be executed by comparing actual expenses to
what was estimated to be spent (Wagoner,
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2012). It sets rules and procedures which
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guide a household on what should
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happen-who can do it, when, and how.
Financial control minimizes the risk of error
and theft (Volume 2: Financial Management). It
is an important way of monitoring the financial
health or condition of a family in accordance
with its financial goals.
However, unemployment is one of the
obstacles that middle age can bring with it.
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Being jobless and living paycheck to paycheck
can be challenging, particularly if you have
significant financial obligations and
dependents. Although it can be unpleasant,
being unemployed is not the end of everything.
Maintaining a strong support network and
intelligently managing your money will help
you get through this challenging time.
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(Investor and Financial Education Council,
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2022). Being unemployed is one of the
struggles in life that they have to either endure
or overcome. It will not be the worst-case
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scenario but being jobless can be difficult.
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Either way, being efficient and creative in
using the limited resources that individuals
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have will lessen the difficulty of living during
high inflation.
Money management and who handles
it better, men or women, has always been a
subject of debate. Experts in personal finance
claim that women are more likely than males
to pay attention to the intricacies of their
finances. Men, on the other hand, are often
more reluctant to spend money on little
purchases but are fixated on larger financial
goals like a vehicle, a house, a property, or
stocks. (Doda, 2014) According to finance
experts, the ratio of male to female
respondents was found to be 35.2% to 64.8%
in research regarding financial management
practices among students (Mohamad and Azer,
2018). This indicates that sex makes a
significant change in money management.
With many changes such as job loss,
moving, or unexpected veterinary costs, might
have an immediate impact on individuals’
money management, others may necessitate a
big alteration in the family's financial
 “ALPAS”: BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH JOURNAL
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planning. Getting married, having a kid, and
sending a child off to college are three
important life milestones that typically
necessitate a review, revision, or
reconstruction of finances. (Discover, 2017)
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The general objective of this study is to
determine whether there is a significant
difference in the money management
practices of unemployed residents at Barangay
Sibacan when grouped according to their
profile amidst the high inflation rate. Once
this study has been completed, the findings
will benefit the local barangay and will be used
as additional data.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
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This sought to answer the following questions:
1. How may the profile of the respondents be
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described in the terms of:
1.1 sex and;
1.2 marital status?
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2. How may the money management of the
respondents be described in terms of:
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2.1 Budgeting
2.2 Cash Management
2.3 Recordkeeping; and
2.4 Financial Control?
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3. Is there a significant difference in the money
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management practices of the unemployed
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residents when grouped regarding to their
profile?
HYPOTHESIS/ES/ASSUMPTION
Ho: There is no significant difference in the
money management practices of unemployed
residents when grouped regarding to their
profile.
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MATERIALS AND METHOD
The profile and various money
management practices including budgeting,
cash management, recordkeeping, and
financial control of the unemployed residents
at Barangay Sibacan, Balanga City Bataan
were identified through the utilization of a
self-administered survey questionnaire with a
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4-Point Likert Scale.
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The numerical data were introduced
through percentage frequency distribution and
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measures of central tendency (mean). The
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generated data from the hand-delivered
surveys were used for an in-depth
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understanding of the respondents' money
management practices with the assistance of
Microsoft excel. This spreadsheet is a
computer-assisted software that enables users
to input and analyze research findings.
PARTICIPANTS
The participants for the study are the
unemployed residents at Barangay Sibacan,
Balanga City Bataan who were chosen from
the City of Balanga unemployment statistics in
201*
The researchers employed a
non-probability sampling technique as the list
of the names of unemployed residents of
Barangay Sibacan were not disclosed. There
was no chance of knowing which people of
Barangay Sibacan were to be surveyed.
Consequently, the participants were purposely
chosen by the researchers using a purposive
sampling technique. This type of
non-probability sampling technique, also
known as judgment, selective, or subjective
sampling is a sampling approach in which the
 “ALPAS”: BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH JOURNAL
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researcher selects individuals of the
population to participate in the study based on
his or her own judgment (Dudovskiy, 2018).
Hence, the seventy-eight unemployed
residents the researcher surveyed were
deemed suitable for the study.
INSTRUMENT
The main instrument used to gather
pertinent data for the study is a questionnaire
which was divided into four parts. The first
part included a 4-point Likert scale tool
adapted from Financial Management Practices
on Budgeting. This instrument is adapted from
the study “FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES OF THE FAMILIES OF OVERSEAS
SEAFARERS IN BOHOL” (Golosino and
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Espiritu, 2020). [12]. Specifically, it provided 6
statements in which each question is assigned
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to corresponding points based on their money
management practices on budgeting. Thus,
the validity and reliability of this questionnaire
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have already been established.
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The second part consisted of structured
interview questions conceptualized based on
money management practices through cash
management. The questions focused on how
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unemployed residents of Barangay Sibacan,
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Balanga City, Bataan manage their money.
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The third part consists of interview
questions connected to their money
management practices through record
keeping. This part aimed to solicit a
comprehensive understanding of the
unemployed residents’ recordkeeping.
Lastly, part four of the instrument
contains money management through
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financial control. It has six questions that
correspond to how financial control serves as a
guide on what should happen, who can do it,
when, and how.
These statements and questions were
encoded in a spreadsheet, Microsoft Excel
which aided the researchers in rapid and
convenient data collection.
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DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
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Since the study was conducted in the
time of face-to-face classes, the researchers
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gave a permission letter to the barangay
officials to have consent for the distribution of
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survey-questionnaire to unemployed residents
at Barangay Sibacan, Balanga City, Bataan.
The data collection procedure transpired by
distributing the survey questionnaire on
weekends. As soon as the data collection
process was completed, the researchers
tabulated the data using the Chi-square test in
order to create their analysis, conclusions, and
recommendations based on the data collected.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Each stage of the research process was
assured to meet the ethical criteria established
by Bryman and Bell (Anwar, 2016). With
careful consideration for the respondents’
safety, dignity, and privacy. The researchers
ensured that the respondents’ personal
information and the data obtained is purely
anonymous and confidential.
Additionally, each response from the
unemployed residents of Barangay Sibacan
was guaranteed given to the researchers
voluntarily and, or with consent. The
researchers can assure that any type of
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communication in relation to the research was most of the respondents’ sex are females and
done with honesty and transparency. some males.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Data collected through surveys is MARITAL FREQUENCY PERCENT
measured using ordinal-level data. The STATUS AGE
researchers averaged every response from the
respondents and used the following scales to SINGLE 24 30.77%

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interpret the data.

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MARRIED 42 53.85%
TABLE 1: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF
RESPONDENTS’ DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

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WIDOWED 11 14.10%

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SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
SEPARATED 1 1.28%

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MALE 38 48.72%
TOTAL 78 100%
FEMALE 40 51.28%
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The table presents frequency
distribution regarding the marital status of the
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TOTAL 78 100% respondents. It shows that there are 24

respondents with (30.77%) who are single, 42
The table shows the frequency
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(53.85%) are married, 11 (14.10%) are

distribution regarding the respondents’ sex. widowed, and 1 (1.26%) are separated.
Out of 78 respondents, females got the highest
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frequency of 40 respondents with (51.28%). Based on research done by Society of

While male comprises 38 respondents with Actuaries (SOA) in 2020 showed that married
(48.73%). or partnered individuals are on average better
off financially than single individuals. Married
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In the study of Filipiak Et. Al. (2015), it people may have their own families and having
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is stated that women had less knowledge of a larger number of responsibilities will make
financial literacy than men. Additionally,
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people be more prone to have financial

there are various studies in European
countries with the conclusion that men are
more successful in managing money than
women (Kahraman et. al., 2015). Also, several
previous studies revealed that sex has
significantly affected different levels of
financial literacy, and they proved that women
were less financially literate than men (Dewi,
2020). In conclusion, the table states that
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education and awareness regarding financial
well-being as opposed to those who live a
single life (Grigion, Vieira, & Kirch, 2015).
Logically, by having more responsibilities, an
individual would have to be equipped with this
adequate financial knowledge as he or she will
be spending money on raising a family and
learning how to manage personal income. In
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short, The table is stating that most of the The researchers adapted the
respondents are married while the others are self-administered survey questionnaire utilized
single, widowed, and separated. in the data gathering from the study of
Espiritu Et. Al. (2020). The table contains the
TABLE 2: WEIGHTED MEAN OF THE weighted mean and description of respondents'
RESPONDENTS’ MONEY MANAGEMENT responses on a Likert scale. First, the weighted
PRACTICES mean of budgeting is 3.28, meaning that the
MEAN DESCRIP INTERPRE respondents usually plan their finances.

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TION TATION Second, the weighted mean of cash

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management is 2.78, which means they often
BUDGE 3.28 USUALLY The manage their money. Third, the weighted
TING unemployed mean of recordkeeping is 3.04, which

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residents represents that they usually keep records of
typically

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their finances. Lastly, the weighted mean of
plan their financial control is 3.20, which illustrates that
finances

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they usually maintain their finances under
CASH 2.78 OFTEN The control.
MANAG unemployed TABLE 3: RESULTS OF THE TEST
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EMENT residents STATISTICS ON MONEY MANAGEMENT
frequently PRACTICES AND RESPONDENT PROFILES
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manage
their money SEX P- DESCRIP INTERPRET
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RECOR 3.04 USUALLY The VALUE TION ATION

DKEEPI unemployed
NG residents
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BUDGE 0.226 DO NOT There is no

typically TING REJECT significant
keep difference in
financial financial
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record planning of
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unemployed
FINANCI 3.20 USUALLY The
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residents
AL unemployed
regarding to
CONTR residents
their sex
OL typically
maintain
their CASH 0.101 DO NOT There is no
finances in MANAG REJECT significant
control EMENT difference in
money

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handling of effect on money management. It is proven that

unemployed sex does not distinguish financial awareness
residents since both sexes show equal understanding of
regarding to the financial awareness concept (Ibrahim Et.
their sex Al. 2016). The financial knowledge and skills of
men and women are similar (Mountain Et. Al.,
2019). Based on the table, there are no
RECOR 0.612 DO NOT There is no significant differences in all money
DKEEPI REJECT significant

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management practices of respondents
NG difference in

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regarding to their sex.
keeping
financial

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record of MARITAL P- DESCRI INTERPRE
unemployed STATUS VALUE PTION TATION

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residents
regarding to

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BUDGETI 0.000 REJECT There is a
their sex
NG significant
difference in
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FINANC 0.321 DO NOT There is no financial
IAL REJECT significant planning of
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CONTR difference in unemployed

OL maintaining residents
their regarding to
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finances in their
control of marital
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unemployed status
residents
regarding to
CASH 0.804 DO NOT There is no
their sex
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MANAGE REJECT significant

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MENT difference in
The table illustrates that the sex of
money
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respondents has no significant difference in

handling of
terms of the money management practices:
unemployed
Budgeting with a 0.226 P-value, Cash
residents
Management with 0.101 P-value,
regarding to
Recordkeeping with 0.612 P-value, and
their
Financial Control with 0.321 P-value. Which
marital
accepts the null hypothesis.
status
Based on the results of Kahraman Et.
Al. (2020) study, that sex has no significant
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responsibilities are more skilled in budgeting

RECORD 0.065 DO NOT There is no and financially literate than those with other
KEEPING REJECT significant marital statuses. Based on the table, there are
difference in no significant differences in money
keeping management practices according to marital
financial status. However, the marital status of
record of respondents has a significant difference when
unemployed it comes to budgeting.

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residents
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

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regarding to
their The following conclusions for the

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marital research study were established based on the
status results and discussions of the data tabulation:

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FINANCIA 0.563 DO NOT There is no The study’s findings revealed some of

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L REJECT significant the first local empirical data about the money
CONTROL difference in management practices of unemployed people.
maintaining According to the combined data, the residents
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their of Barangay Sibacan are able to manage their
finances in money properly, allowing them to budget their
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control of income accordingly. The study’s results report

unemployed that there are no significant differences in all
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residents money management practices of unemployed

regarding to residents at Barangay Sibacan when grouped
their according to their profile. However, there is a
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marital significant difference in budgeting of

status unemployed residents in terms of marital
status.
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The table states that the marital status

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of respondents has no significant difference in The survey obtained information

terms of the money management practices: gathered from a diverse group of unemployed
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Cash management with 0.804 P-value, residents in terms of sex and marital status.
Recordkeeping with 0.065 P-value, Financial The data obtained from this research provide
Control with 0.563 P-value. However, evidence regarding the money management of
Budgeting has a 0.000 P-value. Therefore, it unemployed residents concerning budgeting,
will reject the null hypothesis. cash management, recordkeeping, and
financial control.
According to the findings of Grigion Et.
Al. (2015) and Marzieh Et. Al. (2013), those
who are married and have marital
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Below is a list of suggested determining which groups they should provide

recommendations based on the established priority for assistance under government
conclusions: subsidy programs.

Future research studies may add more

demographic information of unemployed
residents such as age, education level, number
of children. This study only included sex and

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marital status since most of the respondents

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are old adults, undergraduate, and childless
which makes it incomparable.

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In addition, the future researchers who

22
will conduct a related study can expand the
location of unemployed residents into larger or

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other local units so that more barangays in
Balanga City, Bataan will have access to the
people who are really struggling and should be
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prioritized in providing assistance.
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Additionally, researchers in the future

may conduct a larger sample size of
respondents who are struggling with money
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management practices, rather than just

unemployed residents, since this study only
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focused on unemployed residents.

To better comprehend the study and its

nature, the researchers who will expand this
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study could obtain broad knowledge about

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financial literacy and decision-making.

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With the aid of this study, the Local

Government Unit (LGU) may request a fund
from the Local Government Support Fund
(LGSF), in order to generate jobs and
possibilities for unemployed individuals.

Lastly, Barangay Sibacan officials may

utilize the research study as a resource when
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KIM - 2019 - JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS.
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ZULFARIS, M. D. (2020). STUDENTS AND
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PUBLIC UNIVERSITY. RETRIEVED FROM
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