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For anyone with a shred of intelligence to try and say the world is only 6000 years old and created
in-state as it were is pure insanity and blindness. The availability of arable land, to support large
populations, food production, and animal husbandry gave populations in certain areas an edge over
those in areas lacking these advantages. It seeks to provide a simple rationale to explain why
inequalities exist between the peoples of the world. While many books that look at the development
of civilizations tend to be Euro-centric, Diamond’s book looks at the wider world, and at how
civilizations developed before the invention of writing. Hence the lack of lion burgers on the
Wendy’s drive-thru menu. Unlike your history class of old, these selections don’t demand
memorization of names and dates. Reissued here with an updated afterword by the author and a new
preface by the distinguished colonialist John Demos, Changes in the Land provides a brilliant
interdisciplinary interpretation of how land and people influence one another. Such a shame that this
book was presented by someone as disinterested as Doug Ordunio. This book is a brief history of the
human evolution of the last 13,000 years with a focus on social evolution, ethnology, and ecology.
Well, the Europeans discovered and conquered the Americas and Oceania because they were a more
advance civilization. Ok, now to what I actually want to discuss: my father's question. Just when and
how they did so has been one of the most perplexing and controversial questions in archaeology. The
author, Jared Diamond provides a fresh and insightful perspective on history and social science,
making it a must-read for anyone interested in these subjects especially me. For example, had a
storm not destroyed the Spanish navy in 1588, would that have dramatically influenced the course of
history. I suppose this is a book that is more based on the environment of peoples over the last 13,000
years and with that their opportunities to use that environment that they just happened to be born
into. Crops grew and individuals built cities with larger populations. These conditions are not
reproduced in most other parts of the world; Diamond has a range of interesting tables, showing
how few useful domesticable species there are elsewhere. I can understand why Mr. Diamond
received accolades and a Pulitzer for this complex work written at the level that the layman, non-
scientist can still grasp. Today there are no large, domesticated mammals in Africa—strange,
considering how many people travel to Africa every year to see the large mammals like lions and
elephants. Critics claim that Diamond's work lacks consideration of minor events throughout history
that have had large consequences, such as political ideology as a leading cause for particular wars. It
wasn't racial characteristics that tipped the scales of fortune for the Europeans; it was their
geography. But the divergence that concerns us truly began when some of our ancestors learned to
farm while others did not. Yet for nearly all of its six million years of existence, human society had
none of these things. Trade explains why the multicultural and highly populated Eurasian peoples
excelled and the others didn't. In recent years, the book has been tremendously popular and
influential. The book is well-written and informative, this is a given, but many things are
unnecessarily being repeated throughout the book with too many recapitulations. Basically, what he's
saying is that pre-industrial people tried everything that could be tried, and when they didn't find
anything good, it's because it wasn't there. Diamond's point is that people living in areas with more
domesticable animals (sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, etc.) gained an important advantage over people
without them. Get it We pay the store, you get the goods, nothing to pay today. We cannot perform
and replicate events in a controlled setting to extract general principles or cause-and-effect.
A large population then, one with writing and established networks, makes its diffusion all the more
likely. But alas, their great-great-grandpas had already killed, grilled and digested them all. Diamond
describes the evolution of agriculture, written language, and other indispensable facets of human
history, giving us a crash tour through the earliest days of human history. It is a fact that if I
maneuver into range of its bite, like so.” (Advancing towards the muzzle of Zebra with perfect
nonchalance) “It will unsheathe its enameled arsenal, and, like an enormous Pitt bull of Rorshached
hide, will seize my carotid and not relinquish its hold until - one - of - us - is - dead.” (Creature
inserts clavicle into mouth and chews powerfully.) “LET this. (Hissing of air between teeth) “. Even
more quantitative and more limited in scope disciplines pertaining to human behaviour (such as
economics) have repeatedly proven how identification of context-independent causal chains and
prediction of future behaviour can be extremely problematic to achieve. Which allows for the
saturation of ingenuity and accrual of capital necessary for big industrial projects, for IAGO. The
American horses, oxen and other large mammals, having never experienced a human predator,
approached the new arrivals like slobbering puppy dogs, and were consequently turned into steaks.
I'd just like to temper the inevitable temptation to view all history through this lens. 79 likes Like
Comment Orhan Pelinkovic 94 reviews 221 followers December 8, 2020 Why didn't the indigenous
people of the Americas, Oceania, and sub-equatorial Africa conquer Europe and its people. Where
earlier social units were more reciprocal, kinship-based, and self-sufficient, modern forms of
organization grew more centralized, hierarchical, transactional, integrated, and territorial. Coming
back to the main themes of the book: the broad patterns of history, according to the author, are all
ultimately caused by essentially “geographical” factors: the availability of a variety of easily
domesticable crops facilitating an early adoption of agriculture, of big domesticable animals, and the
longitudinal gradient (the Eurasian east-west axis being favourable compared to the North-South
axis of the Americas) facilitating or impeding diffusion of agriculture, trade and technology. Rookie
errors like that made me roll my eyes extra hard at the epilogue in which Diamond explains to
historians what our discipline should look like and how we should think of it. How could the ancient
people who inhabited this tiny speck of land, the most remote in the vast expanse of the Pacific
islands, have built such monumental works? Why was it that westerners had so much relative to New
Guinean natives, who had been living on that land for forty thousand years. Elephants can be tamed
but were never domesticated. I think that if this time-traveller version of me would be very very
educated in the ways of history, importance of geography, language, etc. He brings together so many
disciplines to show macro trends, chaos theory, the power of germs in fashioning human history.
Today it is the highlight of a tour of Italy for more than three million visitors a year, a concert arena
for the likes of Paul McCartney, and a national symbol of opposition to the death penalty. An Edible
History of Humanity is a pithy, entertaining account of how a series of changes---caused, enabled, or
influenced by food---has helped to shape and transform societies around the world. If that doesn't
blow your mind, your mind is blowproof. In his dazzlingly intelligent book, Wilson describes the
treasures of the natural world we are about to lose forever and how we can save them. I can't recall
any creative ideas or clever theories in this book. Diamond. Pokok pembahasan dalam kedua buku ini
sama yaitu tentang bagaimana. Diamond is a philosophical monist, neatly ascribing just about every
juncture in human history to a single cause or related group of causes. It turns out that not every
locale is ideal for the emergence of farming. And will we become like one of the more primitive
societies, sitting and watching while the rest of the world makes strides in science, technology, and
the development of clean energy sources. A professor of geography at UCLA and noted polymath,
Diamond's work has been influential in the fields of anthropology, biology, ornithology, ecology and
history, among others. We'd go out gathering seeds, eating some along the way, and then come back
to camp and defecate, all in the same spot. On the other hand, there's a lot of really stimulating and
interesting stuff in this book. This makes me wonder if it is possible to predict where we will be in a
thousand years or so. The funniest story that struck me was the QWERTY keyboard one which
apparently is the least ergonomic design but due to its rapid adoption by typists due to capitalist
competition and afterwards its ubiquity once computers became important, it is impossible to
dislodge. (I still find it easier to use than the AZERTY one here in France LOL).
Most compelling was Diamond’s rejection, and erudite refutation of many racist and jingoistic
theories about why Eurasian cultures have come to dominate global socio-economics. We'd go out
gathering seeds, eating some along the way, and then come back to camp and defecate, all in the
same spot. Diamond refuted the notion that genetic variation between races lead to a disparity of
intelligence producing a decisive competitive advantage to Indo-europeans. A moment's thought
would tell you that there are multiple problems with using their writings as a straightforward means
of assessing anything about Incan culture and society. There were only a few places where the
science-speak made me glaze over. First, we have unusually many easily domesticable plant and
animal species. As an exercise in materialist theory this book is magnificent. It’s like giving up on
three novels just to put one of these on the stack, but I’m hoping that will ease as I read more of this
sort. Unlike your history class of old, these selections don’t demand memorization of names and
dates. Nasty disposition: Here's where we eliminate zebra burgers, hippo burgers, grizzly burgers and
bison burgers. Agricultural societies could feed non-food-producers like kings, bureaucrats, priests,
soldiers, artisans, builders, merchants and scribes. They were surrounded by animals that could be
domesticated for defense, labour, and food. Second, since Europe is oriented East-West rather than
North-South, a species which is domesticated in one part of Europe has a good chance of thriving in
another, so there are many opportunities to swap farming technology between different areas. The
virulent types of bacteria that developed among dense human populations in interaction with animal
populations, which the Eurasians developed some immunity to, wiped out low-density indigenous
societies on other continents when Europeans explored and settled new lands. Indeed, of the world’s
hundred-and-fifty or so big terrestrial herbivorous mammals, only fourteen, Diamond notes, made
the cut for domestication. Maybe Aunt Mabel pulverized it and slipped into everything — maybe
even your breakfast cereal — and never gave it a proper chance. Rather, it was due to accidents of
geography and biogeography—in particular, to the continents’ different areas, axes, and suites of
wild plant and animal species. Innovations such as written language and wheels spread similarity
quickly as well. Known for its lively, clear prose as well as its scholarly research, A People's History
of the United States is the only volume to tell America's story from the point of view of - and in the
words of - America's women, factory workers, African-Americans, Native Americans, the working
poor, and immigrant laborers. He notes, for example, that while domesticated potatoes, llamas and
guinea pigs of the South American Andes would have grown well in the cool highlands of Mexico,
they could not cross the hot lowlands that spanned in between. Shirer’s monumental study of Hitler’s
German empire has been widely acclaimed as the definitive record of the 20th century’s blackest
hours. I'd just like to temper the inevitable temptation to view all history through this lens. 79 likes
Like Comment Orhan Pelinkovic 94 reviews 221 followers December 8, 2020 Why didn't the
indigenous people of the Americas, Oceania, and sub-equatorial Africa conquer Europe and its
people. Five stars for Diamond, 0 stars for the publisher for ripping us all off! While some societies in
Australia and North America kept to their hunter-gatherer lifestyles, others in Eurasia and South
America advanced in technology and transitioned towards complex states. Why were Eurasia's wild
boar domesticated and not America's peccaries or Africa's wild pigs. One may claim that this is an
argument that supports the overtaking of less developed societies and cultures. In his view, “history
followed different courses for different peoples because of differences among peoples’
environments”. When what's done is done, a Monday morning quarterback can tell us exactly why it
happened that way. Highly recommended. Especially in view of the rise of revisionist, white
supremacist bullshit. MY BONES ARE BEING PULVERIZED BY A FREUDIAN DENTATA OF
DENTURES! (Now struggling against Zebra’s rapacious death grip, swatting with hat.) How this
was the necessary precondition for the spread of virulent pathogens and immunities conferred.