CHAPTER 4

Reporters
Mark Dave De Luna and Madilyn Pariñas
 Language and
Power

✓ Manipulation
 Objectives
1. Define Language and power
2. Determine Language role in exerting
of power and it's impact on social,
cultural and political dynamics
3. Reflect on their experiences and
perspectives related to Language and
Power.(Trough a Persuasive Speech)
Pre-activity
FOUR PICS ONE WORD
LANGUAGE
POWER
POLITICAL

POWER
SOCIAL

POWER
ECONOMIC

POWER
CULTURAL

POWER
What does language
mean to you?
How does it affect
you in anyway?
How do you define
Power?
LANGUAGE
✓ a fundamental aspect of culture ,
serving as a tool for communication
and a carrier of culture heritage.
✓a symbol of culture identity. It foster
a sense of belonging and unity among
members of a cultural group.
✓ It contributes to a cultural diversity
and multiculturalism.
✓ a key factor in preserving cultural
distinctiveness and diversity
LANGUAGE
✓ Language has the potential to yield
tremendous, influential power - just take a
look at some of the world’s most
‘successful’ dictators.
✓ Language can be used as a way of
communicating ideas and asserting or
maintaining power over others.
POWER
✓is the assertion of a certain level
of influence, control or authority
over other people.
✓ it doesn't just about influencing
and controlling others but also to
do a particular activity in an
exeptional manner.
✓ Forms of power can be exerted
through advice, persuasion ,
coercion,and legal means.
POWER
✓ having capabilities to influence, manage,reshape attitudes,
behaviors and deeds of others.
✓ It includes less obvious kinds of control as well as overt
coercion.
✓Three main types of power:
• Political Power
• Social Power
• Personal Power
✓ other types of power such as
• Economic Power
• Cultural Power
• Instrumental power
• Influential power
 POLITICAL POWER
✓ an inividual or group of people hold
authority in the nation's government .
✓ Examples of power in Government:
° power to tax
° power to raise an army
° power to make laws
° power to regulate business
✓ 2 type of political power:
1. Legitimate Power
2. Illegitimate Power
 LEGITIMATE POWER
> where power is granted because
of merit or rewarded and can be
given to the majority of people .

ILLEGITIMATE POWER
> when it is taken through
unlawful means like
extortion, forceful ,
takeover or coercion
 SOCIAL POWER
✓ is the influence that an
individual or an organization
has over others in a society.
✓ may be used to assert
control over others
according to the interest
and motivation of person(s)
in power via legal or
legitimate means .
 SOCIAL POWER
✓Social group power > power held by a
group of people due to certain social
factors such as
° Class ° Age
° Ethnicity
° Gender
 SOCIAL POWER
Forms
1.voting Examples
2.laws Laws
3.wealth Fame
4.fame Wealth
5.rebellion and
protest
6.authority
7.creation control
 PERSONAL POWER
✓power based on an
individual's occupation or
role in society. For example,
a headteacher would likely
hold more power than a
teaching assistant.
Other Types of
Power
 ECONOMIC POWER
✓ the ability of countries,
businesses,or individuals to
improve their standard of living.
✓ PURCHASING is a significant
component of economic power.
✓ Countries , companies and
individuals
are those who acquired of this
power by improving their income,
thereby adding to their wealth.
 CULTURAL POWER
✓ Cultural group's size and
strength influences their power
over region,area or other
groups.
✓ lends itself to social power
that influences people' lives by
controlling the prevailing
norms,or rules and making
individuals adhere to the
dominant culture voluntarily or
involuntary
 Perspective in Cultural
Power
© perspective proposed by Griswold
(1987). She argues that cultural power is
determined by how a cultural object's
content and quality are perceived
by an audience with a particular set of
proposition,problems and concerns in
the social reality they live in.
 INSTRUMENTAL
POWER
✓ is seen as authoritative power.
Typically speaking, someone who has
instrumental power has power simply
because of who they are. These people
do not have to convince anyone of their
power or persuade anyone to listen to
them; others must listen to them simply
because of the authority they have.
 INSTRUMENTAL
POWER
Features of instrumental power by
headteachers: ( FORMAL REGISTER)
1. Imperative sentences
2. Modal verbal
3. Mitigation
4 Conditional sentences
5. Declarative statements
 INFLUENTIAL POWER
✓ refers to when a person (or group of
people) does not have any authority but is
trying to gain power and influence over
others. Those who wish to gain influential
power may use language to persuade
others to believe in them or support them.
This type of power is often found in
politics, the media, and marketing.
Features of influential power language
include:
 INFLUENTIAL POWER
✓ Features of influential power language
include:
1. Assertion
2. Metaphors
3. Loaded language
4. Embedded assumptions
ACTIVITY TIME
CHAM CHAM
MECHANICS
1.Group the student into two.

2.Each group should have 5 person or
representative to go in front .

3.Both player face each other, play ( rock,paper
scissors) whoever win hold their hand Infront of
the other participant while chanting "CHAM,
CHAM,CHAM"

4.Upon the third CHAM the first points to the left
or to the right ,if the other participant look in the
same direction where the hand is pointing they
lose .

5 . However if they look in the opposite direction
they win and have the opportunity to answer
questions

6 . The next members will do the same. The first
group gets 5 correct answer wins.
GRADING
5 100
4. 96
3. 94
2 92
1. 89
0 75
 Manipulation
✓ is the practice using indirect
tactics to control behavior,
emotion and relationship.
✓ It is often associated with
emotional abuse.
MANIPULATION
✓ the control of something or
someone in order to get an
advantage often unfairly or
dishonestly
✓ an act of controlling or
moving something using the
hand.
SIGN OF MANIPULATIVE
BEHAVIORS
1. Passive- aggressive behavior
2. Implicit threat
3. Dishonesty
4. Withholding information
5. Isolating a person from love ones
6. Gaslighting
7.Verbal abuse
8.Use of sex to achieve goal
 How to Deal with
manipulative people

1.Disengage - when you feel you are being

manipulated by someone don't play along ,
reply politely and move the conversation
along.
2 .Be Confident - Though some may doubt
your abilities,intuition.You must be
confident with yourself and keep stick to
your story .
3. Address the situation - Call out the
manipulative behavior as it's happening.
4. Stay on topic - Remember your main
point and stick to that.
PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES
IN LANGUAGE
1.Metaphor and Simile - helps to
simplify concepts in the complex
domain of management and politics.
It is a figurative speech that decribes
the subject at some point of
comparison .
Metaphor management redescribes
reality by the manipulation of words.
Allusion - an acct or casual reference to a
historical figures,event, or object is used as
rhetorical device.It can be used as a
linguistic tool to avoid face threatening acts.

3. Anaphora or Repitition - Politicians often

used key words or themes throughout a
speech.It is widely used as a cohesive
device in many types of specialized
discourse as well as to everyday life.
4. Use of specific pronoun for specific purposes
- Linguistic element such as pronoun may be
used to convey very different purposes.It can be
used both for the purpose of clarification and
concealment of elements in a situation.
5. Inclusive / Exclusive "We" - Inclusive "we" is
used when the individual or group of individuals
spoken to or comprehendEd within the
referential area of pronoun.While Exclusive" we" ,
excludes the individual or group of individuals
spoken to from it's intended referential scope.
IMPACT OF LANGUAGE
IN EXERTING POWER
✓ Language is ideological as
speaker can use linguistic
strategies to empower
themselves while convincing
their audiences.
✓ Language and power are
interrelated .
✓Language can be used as
tool of power to exert influence,
control,domination over others.
IMPACT OF LANGUAGE IN
EXERTING POWER
✓ Language can used to
assert authority and control.
✓ Language can be used to
marginalized and exclude
certain group of people.
✓ Language can be used to
manipulate and deceive others.
✓ Language can be used to
empower and liberate
individuals and communities.
Language and Power
The connection between them
is complexed and multifaceted.
Where in language can be
used as tool for oppression it
can also be used as a means
of resistance and
empowerment
How does Language play a
role in power
✓ through language, power
makes itself known via
messaging and sets the tone
for social interactions with the
use of predetermined word or
phrases.
GROUP ACTIVITY




Make a Persuasive
Speech
Imagine yourself in a public
speaking wherein you have to
advertise or make a campaign
speech regarding your chosen
topic .( Choose 1 type of Power in
delivering your speech and apply
the persuasive technique in
language.)
 CRITERIA
Content. 25%
Delivery. 25%
Relevance. 45%
Cooperation. 5%
Total : 100%
THANK YOU 💕