Nick Hamshaw and Elaine Dorsett

Cambridge International
AS & A Level Mathematics:
Mechanics
Worked Solutions Manual
 θ

11
180 − θ
8

180 − ϕ
12

ϕ
s (m)
30

0
10 t (s)

s (m)
30

0
20 t (s)

s (m)

0
t (s)
−10

s (m)
300

0
30 50 t (s)

−200
s (m)
200

0
10 t (s)

s (m)
200

0
10 t (s)

s (m)

175

100
75
0
5 15 t (s)
s (m)

1.25
0
0.5 1 2.5 t (s)

−18.75
s (m)

187.5

37.5
0
5 15 t (s)

s (m)

85
60

0
6 11 t (s)
s (m)

0
5 7 t (s)
−20

−60

s (m)

68
50

0
4 27 33 t (s)

−88
−100
s (m)

3000

0
t (s)
s (m)

5000

0
40 t (s)
v (m s−1)

15

0
5 t (s)

v (m s−1)

2
0
6 t (s)

v (m s−1)

0
t (s)
−4

v (m s−1)

0
20 t (s)
v (m s−1)

20

0
4 5 t (s)

−20
−21

v (m s−1)

0
0.5 5.5 t (s)
−5

v (m s−1)

0
6 21 t (s)

−30
v (m s−1)

35

0
7 10.5 t (s)
v (m s−1)

10

0
2 7 t (s)

−8

s (m)
20

0
2 7 t (s)

−20
v (m s−1)

0
2.5 5 t (s)

s (m)

20
17.5

0
2.5 5 t (s)
v (m s−1)

4
0
5 17 t (s)

−6

s (m)

20

0
5 9 17 t (s)
−16
 v (m s−1)

10
0
2 3 t (s)

−20

s (m)
20

5
0
2 3 t (s)

v (m s−1)

1.4

0
2.5 9.5 t (s)

−1.75
−2.25
s (m)
5
4.9

0
2.5 9.5 t (s)
v (m s−1)

30

15

0 5 t (s)
v (m s−1)

T
30

0 T 6 t (s)
s (m)

135

54
0
6 15 t (s)
v (m s−1)

0
T1 T 1 + T2 552 t (s)
60
100
R

p+p+p+p 200

F 2200

F = combined force from sailors

a m s−2

150 200

3 m s−2

450 D
 0.2 m s−2

R 1000

a m s−2

120 150

a m s−2

500

10000

a m s−2

1000 20 000
 a m s−2

1800 21000

a m s−2

R 10

a m s−2

80

a m s−2

20 000 D
 a m s−2

1000 D
 0.01

a m s−2

0.05× 10
 240

a m s−2

12 × 10

a m s−2

0.4 × 10
 0.8

a m s−2

0.5 × 10

−1.5 m s−2

0.01 × 10
 a m s−2

0.3 × 10 + 0.15

0.15

a m s−2

0.3 × 10
 2330

a m s−2

70 × 10
 a m s−2

2 × 10 + R

a m s−2

2 × 10
 R

a m s−2

70 × 10 = 700

a = −3.5 m s−2

30 × 10 = 300
 R

5.12 m s−2

40 × 10 = 400

a = 2 m s−2

35 × 10 = 350

R + 1800

0 m s−2

200 × 10 = 2000
 R

a = 0.1 m s−2

0.7 × 10 = 7

a = −2 m s−2

75 × 10 = 750

a = 4 m s−2

45 × 10 = 450

a = −11 m s−2

4 × 10 = 40
 a m s−2

40

a m s−2

20 × 10 = 200

0.2 m s−2

R 60

0.4

a m s−2

0.3 × 10 = 3
 a m s−2

400 4000

a m s−2

1000 4000
 −0.015125m s−2

50

a m s−2

60 × 10 = 600

2000

a m s−2

600
 a m s−2

1200 D

− 27 m s−2
2

R + 0.1 × 10

0.35

a m s−2

0.1 × 10 = 1

a m s−2

200
 a m s−2

200 + 2000 = 2200

a m s−2

0.3 × 10 = 3
 am s−2

2 10

am s−2

310

am s−2

30 × 10 = 300
 am s−2

R
 R

5.5 m s−2

3 × 10 = 30
v(m s−1)

0
1 1.36 t (s)

−10
−12
 15
15sin 40°(up)

40°
15cos 40
°(Right)

12sin 55° 12
(up)

55°
12cos 55° (left)

8cos20° (left)

20°

8sin20°
(down) 8
21cos70° (right)

70°

21sin70°
21
(down)

13sin35° (right)

13cos35° 13
(up)

35°

65°
80cos65° 80
(down)

80sin65° (right)

85°
8.5 8.5cos85°
(down)

8.5sin85° (left)
120sin70° 120
(up)
110°
70°
120cos70°
(left)

F
Fy

20°
Fx = 10

Fx

Fy = 8
F

25°
 F
Fy = 8

θ
Fx = 10

25
Fy

17

3.8
y=3
F

θ
F
x
 R

30

10°
F

20

850

θ
700

750g

R
F

15°
10

50
 R

4000
20°

5000g

θ
56
ϕ

17 15
5
3

θ ϕ
4 8
 R 1600sinθ

θ
F

400
 6.5

144°
36°

6.5cos36°

3.8

161°
19°
3.8cos19°

42cos25° 42

25°
65°

12.3
12.3cos42°

42°
48°
 4.5cos31°
4.5

31°

F
10 50°
R F

15°

15° 3g
 R 50

17°
F

17° 8g
 R

F3

10° F2
15°
10° F1
425

20g
 θ

11
180 − θ
8

180 − ϕ
12

30 θ1 θ2 40

30
θ1 θ1

5g

θ2
40
5g

θ T
T θ
θ 20
40°
7g

20
40°

7g
 40

50°

130°
F
180° − θ 35

25

150° 100°

110°

T2 T1

T1

120°
90° 10
150°

T2
θ
ϕ 8

10
a

R 20N

14°

5gN

a = 0.3m s−2
R
T
6°

2g N

R
1.2 20

10g
 40

15°

30

3000 N
20° direction
500 N
10° of motion

T
 North

2000 T
0.1

30°
θ

1000

T
R 20°

13°
200g N
 F

a
20° 70°
70°
20
20°

R
a
3

40°
2

0.8g
 R 30
a

15°
10

25g

10°

10°
3g

R
15

9°
5

9°
70g
 R

a
θ

θ mg

a 130

10°
15°

T
 N

60°

a 30°

10°

5000

R
a
F

30°
5

9g
 a
R

34°
100

34°
1200g
 θ

4g R

20

R
500

120° 60°
θ
200
 R
θ
10°

20
35
110°
10° 60°

15

4.019...
500
250

40°

350
 θ

2.712...

82.7008...

R
238.815...

91.00122...
 Wsin50° + 150sin20°

150cos20
°+
Wcos50°

40°

R
θ
 44

60°

θ
F

30

a R 15

40°
5

18g
 N
360 400

5°
8°
 R

T 5°

5°
300g
 32

24

20°

45

T
0.7

13°

13°

18g
 R

12°

12°

8g

R a

12°

20

12°
8g
 R
a
8

35°
2.4

50g

65

a 16°

10°

10°
10g
R

10°

10g

R
a

180 × 4

600g
 R F

θ
mg
 R

30°

30°
mg
 R
48

θ
55
v(m s−1)

0 5 30 40 t(s)
 R

20°

20° mg
 29

70°
25

17
 R

25 N

20°
F

R
F

15°

15° 14g

R
50

15°

15° 14g
 R
F

20
10°
15°

15° 14g

15

20°

15°
F

15° 14g
 R

14°

14°
4g
 P+F
R

25°

25°
3g

25°
F

25°

3g
 R+L
400

20°
F

20° 100g

R
500

18°
F

200g
 R

5°
200
5°

150g
R
F + 25

20°

20°
30g
 100

40°
F

2g + R

200

40°
F

R + 2g
 R1
T

60°
F

R2 + 3g
 R
F

a
15°

15° 3000g
 R

50

30°
F

8g
 a R

15

5°
F

2g

R
2 20

10°
F

3g
 R

F + 50

22°

22°

80g
 R
1000
a

6°
F
6°

200g

a R

F 250

50g
 R
a 230

25°
F

50g

0 140

F 20° 150

120g

R
a

F 150

120g
 R
a

10°
F

10°
80g

15°

15°
3g
 R 20

15°

15°
3g
 R
13 000

35°
F

35°

1250g
 R

F 25°

25°

5g
 R
F

a
12°

12°
0.2g

a
12°
F

12°
0.2g
R F

29°

29°

3.5g
 R F

T 10°
18°

18°
4g
 R
F1

θ
F2

θ
mg

µ µ

µ
µ

µ µ

µ
µ

µ
µ
µ
µ
µ µ
µ
 R
F1

θ
F2

θ
mg
 R

80

F 15°

17g
 C 500

120g

P
C
l

12°

12°

20g
 C

13°
4000 5°

5°
mg

C T

l
θ

12g
µ
 R
P + F1

25°
F2

25°
15g
 R
40
a

13°
F

13°
4.3g

R
F

5°

5°

5000g
 R

θ
F

49g

5
3

θ
4

R
F

16°

16°
1.3g
 R
F

27°

27°
1.3g

R
26
24

9° 39°

3g
 R
C

34°
20
F
34°

34°
9g
 R

20°
F

20°
6g

R
F

20°

20°
6g
 R

15°
F

15°
8g
 R
P + F1

25°
F2

25°
0.6g
 Whole system Trailer Tractor
R R2 R1

40N 40N
400N T 400N
T

120000 N 20000 N 100000 N

Whole system Box 2 Box 1
R R2 R1

20N T
T 20N

250N 100N 150N

Whole system Trailer Truck

R R2 R1

40N 40N 120N

300N T 300N
120N T

28000 N 8000 N 20000 N

Whole system Trailer Truck

R R2 R1

80N 300N 80N 120N

T 300N
120N T

40000N 20000N 20000N

 Whole system Caravan Car
R R2 R1

80N D 20N
80N T D
20N T

32000 N 12000 N 20000 N

T1

Bucket 1
Whole system
T1
120N T2

T2

240N
Bucket 2

120N
Whole system
T1 T1 T1 T1

Bar

50N 10N T2
T2

Mass

40N

Whole system
R

10 000 N
350 000 N
5 × 2000 N

2 000 000 N
Last carriage Next to last carriage
R5 R4

2000 N
2000 N T5 T4
T5

200 000 N 200 000 N

 Whole system Caravan
0N
R 1 20 R1 T

N
20
N N
80 80
θ θ
25 000 N 6000 N

Whole system Caravan

0N N
R 25 N 80
20 R1
N
80

θ θ
25 000 N 6000 N
 Whole system Caravan
N N
R 20 N 80
80 R1

DF
0N
q −5 q
24000N 6000N
 R

T
F
T
40 N

30 N

F
T1 T2

T1 T2
40 N

50 N 30 N

R T

F
30°
40N
30N
 R2

R1 T
T F

30 N

30°
40 N

Whole system 2 kg box 0.4 kg box 0.6 kg box

T1 T1 T2 T3

30N 20N T 2 T 3 4N 6N
R

T
30N

50N
 R T

30°
40 N
10 N

µ
 m kg particle 5 kg particles
T T T

θ θ

10m 50 N

km kg particle m kg particles
T T T

30° 30°

10km 10m

3 kg mass 2 kg mass 4 kg mass

T2 R T1

T2
T1
Fr

30 N 20 N 40 N

µ
 Particle A Particle B
R T
T
R

30°
3N 60°
3N
Cylinder Mass
T T T

40 N 30 N

Overall system L ower shelf

T1 T1 T1 T1 T2 T2 T2 T2

10 N 2N 10 N 10 N
Whole system Lift Crate
5000N 5000N R

10m 200 N 10m R 200 N

Whole system Lift Crate

T T R

3000N 200N 3000N R 200N

Whole system Lift Crate
T T R

4600N 400N 4600N R 400N

Whole system
4620 N

10m 200 N 100 N 50 N

Third box Second box First box
R3 R2 R1

50N R3 100N R2 200N

Man Whole system
820 N 11 070 N

800 N 10m 800 N

 Whole system
4992 N

750 N 30 N 20 N 4000 N
 Box Ball
R
T T

F
30°
80N 120N

Whole system Car

R R1

10 N T
DF DF
30 N 30 N

24 000 N 18 000 N
Crate Platform
R 10 N

150 N 50 N R
 A B
R
T
T

30°
5N 5N
 A B
R T

F T

5N 25 N

µ
Crate Ball Second pulley
T T
T T

θ θ

200 N 300 N

4m 10m

2m
θ
 µ

Particle A Particle B
R T
T

F
30°
5N 25N

µ
µ
µ
 Particle A Particle B
R1 T R2
F1

T F2

30° 20N
20N
 v
10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 t

−5

−10

−15
 ParticleP ParticleQ
R T

F T

30N 50N
 Whole system Engine Carriage

R R1 R2

4N 4N
10N F 10N T
BF T

100N 40N 60N

 Travelling up
wards
R

F
25°
40 N
 R

20°
1N
 before after
5 ms−1 0 ms−1 0.5 ms−1 2.75 ms−1

25 kg m kg 25 kg m kg

before after
−1 −1 −1
12 m s 8 ms 10 m s 10 m s−1

m1 kg m2 kg m1 kg m2 kg
 before
5 m s−1 0 m s−1 0 m s−1

4 kg 1 kg 2 kg

after first impact

u m s−1 0 m s−1

5 kg 2 kg

after second impact

v m s−1 5 m s−1

5 kg 2 kg

before after
4 m s−1 v m s−1 5 m s−1

66 kg 6 kg 60 kg
 before after
u m s−1 2 m s−1 2.3 m s−1

60 kg 40 kg 100 kg
 before after
2 m s−1 1 m s−1 v m s−1 (v + 1) m s−1

0.3 kg 0.5 kg 0.3 kg 0.5 kg

before after
2 m s−1 1 m s−1 v m s−1 (v + 1) m s−1

0.3 kg 0.5 kg 0.3 kg 0.5 kg

before after
2 m s−1 1 m s−1 v m s−1 (v + 1) m s−1

0.3 kg 0.5 kg 0.3 kg 0.5 kg

 before after
2 m s−1 1 m s−1 v m s−1 (v + 1) m s−1

0.3 kg 0.5 kg 0.3 kg 0.5 kg

 before after
4 m s−1 4 m s−1 u m s−1

3 kg 2 kg 5 kg

before after
5 m s−1 7 m s−1 u m s−1

(40000 + 4(50000)) kg (40000 + 2(50000)) kg 2(50000) kg

before after
−1 −1 −1
3 ms 0 ms v ms 4v m s−1

4 kg 6 kg 4 kg 6 kg
 before after
−1 −1 −1
3 ms 1 ms v ms v m s−1

2 kg 5 kg 2 kg 5 kg

before after
5 m s−1 2 m s−1 3 m s−1

m kg 0.2 kg (m + 0.2) kg

before after

4 m s−1 4 m s−1 0.4 m s−1 v m s−1

3 kg 2 kg 3 kg 2 kg
 0.03 kg

0 m s−1

sx

30 m

sy

20 m s−1

0.06 kg

before after
15 m s−1 5 m s−1 u m s−1

0.03 kg 0.01 kg 0.04 kg

 before
−1
4 ms 0 m s−1 0.8 m s−1

0.4 kg m kg 0.25kg

after first impact

1 m s−1 u m s−1 0.8 m s−1

0.4 kg m kg 0.25kg

after second impact

1 m s−1 v m s−1 1 m s−1

0.4 kg m kg 0.25kg
 after second impact
1 m s−1 v m s−1 1 m s−1

0.4 kg m kg 0.25kg
 before after
−1 −1 −1
0.51 m s 0 ms 0.01 m s v m s−1

0.03 kg 0.06 kg 0.03 kg 0.06 kg

before after
−1 −1 −1
0.01 m s 0.125m s 0.15 m s v m s−1

0.03 kg 0.06 kg 0.03 kg 0.06 kg

before after X and Y collide

1 m s−1 0 m s−1 0 m s−1 v m s−1 3v m s−1 0 m s−1

2 kg 1 kg 2 kg 2 kg 1 kg 2 kg
 after Y andZ collide

v m s−1 v m s−1 2v m s−1

2 kg 1 kg 2 kg

after X andY collide again

v
v
ms −1 m s−1 2v m s−1
4 2

2 kg 1 kg 2 kg
 R
5N

15°
250 N

N
1005 N
15°
250 N

R
N
1.5

60°

5N
 R
F

15°
50 N

µ
 before after
uA m s−1 uB m s−1 vA m s−1 vB m s−1

m kg m kg m kg m kg
 before after

1 m s−1 0 m s−1 0.4 m s−1 v m s−1

2 kg 1 kg 2 kg 1 kg

before after

1.2 m s−1 0 m s−1 0.4 m s−1 v m s−1

1 kg 2 kg 1 kg 2 kg
 R

0.03R

500 N
 µ

R
F

45°
600 N

µ
 µ µ

µ
µ
 R

P
40 N
a
200N
 R
DF

N
800
a
160 000 N

R
F

DF
a
160 000 N
 µ

R
N
200

θ
1000 N
µ

50°
12 cos 45°
 θ
1m

1m
 h

speed= √10 ms−1

0.4 m

0.4 m
θ
 R
F

30°
100 N

µ µ

µ
µ
µ

µ
µ
 R
DF

00 N
20
10°
18 000 N

R
DF

N
263
8°
12 000 N
 R
DF

N
400
2°
10 m
 y
T

3m X
x

20 N
1.2 m
 R
T
T

F
20° 40 N
20 N

N
R 00
16

DF

θ
16 000 N
 R
T
30°
F

250 N

µ
 µ

µ
 before after first collision
10 m s−1 2m s−1 v m s−1
0 m s−1 0 m s−1 0 m s−1

3 kg 6 kg 17 kg 3 kg 6 kg 17 kg
 µ

before after

5 m s−1 0 m s−1 u m s−1 4 m s−1

4 kg 3 kg 4 kg 3 kg
 R
DF

3200N
3°
240 000N
50N

R
10°

30N
5°
250N
 before after
3 m s−1 5 m s−1 1.5 m s−1 2.5 m s−1

1.2 kg m kg 1.2 kg m kg
velocity

100 m
time
20 30 35
 R

T
F

T
4N

1N
µ