AIR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND

COMPUTER ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT NO

LAB TITLE: ___ASSINMENT NO 1 SUBMITED TO DR JAHANZAIN

KHAN________________________
Student Name: _____ALI HUSNAIN____________________________ Reg. No:
__230601___________
Objective:
_____ICT________________________________________________________

LAB ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average S satisfactory

U unsatisfactory
Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate the
results
Effective use of lab
equipment and follows
the lab safety rules

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Excellent (5) Good (4) Average (3) Satisfactory (2)

Unsatisfactory (1)
Attributes

Data presentation

Experimental results

Conclusion

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

Date: Signature:
Q = write a flow chart for keyboard working principle?
• User presses a key.
When a user presses a key on the key board, the key cap depresses a rubber
dome underneath neath . This causes the dome to make contact with a printed circuit board (pcb).
The pcb has a grid electrical contact and each contact corresponds to a different key.
• Keyboard sends a scan code to the computer. When a dome makes contact
with the pcb a circuit is completed, and a signal is sent to the computer. this signal is
called a scan code the scan code is a unique identifier for the key that was pressed.
• Computer checks for key presses. The computer’s central processing unit is
constantly checking for key presses. The CPU does this by pulling the keyboard
controller, which is a chip on the motherboard that is responsible for managing the
keyboard.
• The computer identifies the key that was pressed. When the cpu receives a
scan code from the keyboard controller, it uses a lockup table to identify the key that
was pressed the lockup table is a data structure maps scan codes to key.
• Computer generates a keystroke event. Once the cpu has identified the key
that was pressed it generates a key stroke event. A keystroke event is a message that
is sent to the operating system. The message contains information about the key that
was pressed, such as the scan code and the key’s character code.
• Operating system processes the key stroke events. The operating system is
responsible for processing keystroke events when the operating system receives a
keystroke events. It performed the desired action. for example, if the user pressed
the letter “A” the operating system would insert the letter” A” into the document
that the user is currently typing.

Q= HOW DOES A BLIND PERSON USES KEYBOARD?

Blind people use keyboards in a variety of ways, depending on their individual needs
and preferences. One common method is to use touch typing. Touch typing is a skill
that allows people to type without looking at the keyboard. This is done by placing
the fingers on the home row of the keyboard and using the sense of touch to locate
the keys.

Another common method for blind people to use keyboards is to use a screen
reader. A screen reader is a software program that reads the text on the computer
screen aloud. This allows blind people to interact with the computer by listening to
the text and using the keyboard to navigate and enter data.
 Figure 1 key board for blind
persons

Some blind people also use Braille keyboards. Braille keyboards have raised dots on
the keys that correspond to the Braille alphabet. This allows blind people to read the
keys by touch and type without having to look at the keyboard.

In addition to these methods, there are a variety of other assistive technologies that
can help blind people use keyboards. For example, some blind people use keyboard
overlays, which are stickers that can be placed on the keys to identify them with
Braille or raised text. Others use keyboard guards, which help to prevent accidental
keystrokes.

Here are some specific tips for blind people who are using keyboards:

• Use touch typing if possible. This will allow you to type more quickly and
accurately.
• Use a screen reader if you need to read the text on the computer screen.
• Use a Braille keyboard if you prefer to read the keys by touch.
• Use keyboard overlays or keyboard guards to identify the keys or prevent
accidental keystrokes.
• Experiment with different keyboard shortcuts to learn how to navigate and
interact with the computer more efficiently.

With a little practice, blind people can become very skilled at using keyboards. This
allows them to access the same information and technology as everyone else, and
to participate fully in society.