ASIAN

ARCHITECTURE
EXPRESSED IN THE
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD
(ISLAM, KOREA,
THAILAND)
Islam ic
ARCHITECTURE
ISLAMIC IN SOUTHEAST ASIA- CENTRAL PRYRAMIDAL ROOF CONSTRUCTION

"Islamic architecture"- refers to a style of architecture that originated in the 7th century as a way

for Muslims to show their beliefs through design.

-as it extended over Asia, the architecture was affected by the Chinese and Mughals

- modern Islamic architecture can often be seen through the seamless blending of new and old
- private residences may be modeled on ancient Islamic fortresses or palaces
MODERN EXAMPLES OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, Azebaijan

- a well-known example of contemporary form
of Islamic style
- award winning 2013 cultural center created by
the Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid
- the structure reinterprets the typical flow of
architectural features present in traditional Islamic
architecture,
- echoing centuries of heritage while seeming
decisively contemporary
MODERN EXAMPLES OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

The Mazar-e-quaid
- a mausoleum built with traditional techniques but with modern aesthetic influence
- the final resting place of Pakistan's founding father, Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
- it is a large white marble structure with a golden dome,

FEATURES
TOMB- surrounded by a large open courtyard
- surrounded by four minarets that are of white marble and are adorned
with traditional Islamic motifs
GARDEN- important features
- designed in the traditional Islamic style and include a variety of plants and trees, as well as several water
features, such as fountains and pools.
ENTRANCE- the main entrance of the mausoleum is located on the east side and is marked by a large archway that
leads into a large open courtyard.
COURTYARD- surrounded by a colonnaded verandah, which is made of white marble and is adorned with
traditional Islamic motifs.
MODERN EXAMPLES OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

The Mazar-e-quaid
Architect- Yahya Merchant-
commissioned by Fatima Jinnah(Sister)

1960- Construction began

- with President Ayub Khan laying the
foundation stone
Location- Situated in the upscale
locality of Jamshed Quarter within Jamshed
Town(Center of Karachi)
MODERN EXAMPLES OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Faisal Mosque (Islamabad - Pakistan, 1987)

The Faisal Mosque was designed by the Turkish architect Vedat

Dalokay.
Its innovative design consists of straight lines, and angles,
rather than the traditional domes and arches.
Its concrete structure was painted in white, and four minarets
indicate the religious character of the building.
The facades have a combination of small openings that create
dramatic lighting in the interior. Inside, the decoration is very
subtle, with neutral colors.
It is the fifth-largest mosque in the world and the largest in
South Asia
The mosque features a contemporary design consisting of eight
sides of the concrete shell and is inspired by the design of a
typical Bedouin ten
MODERN EXAMPLES OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

National Mosque of Malaysia

- Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
-its key features are a 73-meter-high (240 ft) minaret
and a 16-pointed star concrete main roof
- The umbrella, synonymous with the tropics, is
featured conspicuously – the main roof is reminiscent of
an open umbrella, the minaret's cap a folded one
- The folded plates of the concrete main roof are a
creative solution to achieving the larger spans required in
the main gathering hall
- Completed in 1965, the mosque is a bold and
modern approach in reinforced concrete, symbolic of the
aspirations of a then newly independent nation.
MODERN EXAMPLES OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque

- late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al Nahyan built
the mosque to convey historic consequences and
to embody the Islamic message of peace, tolerance,
and diversity.
- is located in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the
United Arab Emirates
- the largest mosque in the country, it is the
key place of worship for daily prayers. A smaller
replica of the grand mosque exists in the
Indonesian city of Surakarta.
- was constructed between 1994 and 2007
and was inaugurated in December 2007
Kore an
ARCHITECTURE
K-ARCHITECTURE TRADITION MEETS MODERNITY

TRADITIONALLY- buildings have been structures of stone and wood

- this style end-up clashing with the Western approach as the country went through the occupation
by Japan and eventual liberation from the colonial Yoke.

Ports of Busan, Wonsan, and

Late 19th century- Korea signed a series of treaties in which it
agreed to open its door to many foreign countries including Japan,
China, Britain, Germany, Italy, Russia, and France
Incheon- were opened as a result leading to the
appearance of various foreign concessions with
the new unfamiliar buildings

1906-demolition of Daegu’s
After 1890- began erecting buildings in the architectural styles city wall
of their own respective countries
The appearance of new styles was accompanied by the
demolition of traditional city walls, leading to extensive and
fundamental changes in Korea’s cityscape 1907- part of that of Seoul; the phenomenon
spread, later on to cities all over the country
CHANGE IN MODERN PALACES

1897- Emperor Gojong moved from Gyeongbokgung Palace to Gyeongungung Palace (today’s
Deoksugung Palace)
- to proclaim, his new status as an emperor
- built WONGUDAN ALTAR- a round alter hosting the performance of the rite of heaven, a
ritual that could only be performed by the emperor, opposite Gyeongungung palace, Hwanggungu
Shrine, part of the Wongudan complex- built to house the ancestral tablet of Taejo, founder of the
Joseon Dynasty.

Within GYEONGUNGUNG
PALACE – a series of
Western-style buildings was - Junghwajeon Hall (1902) – two-story structure by Korea’s last palace carpenters
erected - destroyed by fire and rebuilt as a one-story structure in 1906
- Jeonggwanheon Pavilion-
- The simultaneous building of Western-style Seokjojeon Hall and traditional-style
venue for holding a banquet
Junghwajeon Hall completed this modern-style palace with its coexistence of
traditional and Western architectural forms.
 - Seokjojeon Hall (1910)-
three-story neoclassical style
building designed to imitate the
style of a European palace

CHANGE IN MODERN HOUSES

MUD HUT TO APARTMENT BLOCK EURIM APARTMENT

-the first complex-type apartment
Mud Hut- First appeared in the Paleolithic Period - the first apartment is known to
- created through combinations of pits dug in the be on the 4th floor in
ground and timbers arranged in a converging structure above Chungjeong-ro, Seoul
- the remains have been excavated in Amsa-dong in
today’s Southeast Seoul 1930s - built by architect Toyoda
MODERNITY BRINGS CHANGE TO HANOK

Appearance in cities of so-called “Cultural 1960s- The increase in the urban population led to a need
for more large-scale housing developments on the outskirts of
housing”
cities
- a compromise between Western-style housing
- In order to build large numbers of cheap Hanok,
and traditional lifestyle
the land was divided into plots of a certain size and a standard
- the tendency to link the inner space of Hanok
model of Hanok designed
with long corridors grew more pronounced.

Sample structures
Park Gil-ryong: Min Byeing-ok House
19th century - Joseon residential architecture reached a technical and in Insa-dong
cultural peak
Tradional Carpenters : Lee Tae-jun
- exemplified in buildings such as Yeongyeongdang and
House in Seongbuk-dong
Nakseojae in Changdeokgung Palace and Unhyeongung Palace.
Sli
- The introduction of Western culture and Japan’s seizure of
Korea’s economic assets, however, brought change to traditional de
methods of house building. 38
KOREAN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

Contemporary Architecture- first half of the 20th century and the post-modern period that was a
reaction to it beginning in the 1960s

South Korea -excels in only two aspects of architecture (1) residential (2) commercial/
retail,
-both are closely linked to some of Korea’s most defining cultural aspects.
∙ focused on how other people perceive an individual
∙ the age and social stratification
∙ their high regard for tradition
KOREAN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE

- borrow elements from the traditional Korean homes (Hanok) while

giving the structures a modern touch (This appearance is meant to
accommodate the new Korean market––young professionals who wish to
embrace all the good Western culture has to offer without forsaking their
cherished heritage.

ranges- from small infill homes to dwellings with generous spaces.

- They all mix traditional elements, such as interior patios, inspired by

inner courts found in traditional Korean architecture called Madang, with
clean contemporary lines or intricate conceptual shapes.
Sample Structures

Iroje KHM Architects: Ga On Jai House The incorporation of Madang is the

protagonist in this ample contemporary
home, designed by Iroje KHM, a Korean firm
founded in 1989. This firm specializes in
residential dwellings and is dedicated to the
inclusion of traditional Korean
architectural traits, as a result of what they
saw as a "blind Westernization" of Korea's
urban settings. With their designs, they aim
to restore South Korea's urban identity, by
mixing traditional design and Western
techniques into one design.
 Sample Structures

Moon Hoon: Conan House Gangnam based architect Moon Hoon doesn't
limit his designs to residential spaces––he
dabbles in entertainment, art galleries, and
retail, putting his easily recognizable personal
seal into each project. He is known for
experimenting with unusual shapes, created
with concepts based on his client’s needs and
personal preferences. The Conan House, for
instance, was created for a toy collector and
Hoon made sure to incorporate his client’s
hobby into the design. In doing so, he turned the
staircase into the house’s order generator
axis––this feature, much like a Hanok’s
Madang––connects every other room in the
house.
Sample Structures

Hahn Design: P House

The P House was designed by Korean
architect Hahn Jon with an effort to
bring nature into the dwelling. To achieve
this goal, Jon recurred to adding his own
interpretation of a Madang, creating a
clear, contemporary space with a natural
feel that acts as its heart.
KOREAN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

RETAIL/ COMMERCIAL ARCHITECTURE

Korea - most economically buoyant country

-which is why the development of big commercial zones comes as no
surprise (Gangnam in Seoul) ( biggest consumers of luxury brands in the
world-important role in the architectural shaping of commercial urban
areas)
Sample Structures

House of Dior Flagship, Seoul: Christian de Portzamparc

Located in the district of Gangnam, this

project stands out thanks to its very
interesting shape created through a novel
way of constructing with fiberglass. While
House of Dior was not made by a Korean
firm, its design still manages to represent
Dior's spirit and Korean contemporary
culture––a culture that values tradition
and occidental culture at the same time.
Sample Structures

Sulwhasoo Flagship Store: Neri & Hu Design

This store emulates a traditional Korean

lantern, creating an atmosphere of simple
elegance, which corresponds to the spirit
of the company; Soolwhasoo sells
high-quality, handmade skincare products
created with traditional Korean
ingredients. The architects behind
Sulwhasoo's flagship store took a
distinguishable element of Korean culture
and gave it a unique and contemporary
twist.
Sample Structures

Boontheshop: Peter Marino

While not designed by a Korean architect, this
store manages to capture one of the subtleties
of Korean culture: the importance of age. Age
influences Korean cultural dynamics, starting
from everyday interactions ramifying to other
aspects of their lifestyle. Boontheshop's store
makes this concept tangible, visually separating
two sides of the store: one aimed at young
professionals and the other to older
professionals. Both age groups seek
different retail experiences, which they can
achieve in this single space.
T h a i la n d
ARCHITECTURE
Thai culture, with its distinctive art and architecture, is marked by adaptability,
open-endedness and playfulness, qualities which facilitate the entry of Thai design into the
Modern and Contemporary art world.
THAI ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF
17th century - The first appearance of TODAY
Western culture came after the Indian From 1960s through to the 1980s- Most
- when Siam exchanged of the modernist architecture built in
embassies with European powers Thailand omitted local references.

19th century - Westernization took root firmly

under the pressure of colonization in the region
-Thai students who returned from Europe
during that period also projected their own visions of
modernity in the system of government as well as in the
lifestyle and architecture
 1932 - it was with the change from Absolute to
Constitutional Monarchy
- modern architecture made its debut in Bangkok
1986 - Robot building would become the
mascot of modern Bangkok and features in
History Channel Programme
CHALERM KRUNG THEATRE-
By PRINCE SAMAICHALERM
KRISDAKARA
- Sumet Jumsai’s former British
Council Building in Siam Square,
Bangkok,

1970 - modern Thai 2009 - A49 DESIGNERS would

architecture became create for BU LANDMARK
established with Le COMPLEX IN RANGSIT -a
Corbusier as the principal diamond-shape or cubist
source of inspiration building in the best of the late
Sli modernist tradition
de
34
ROOF FORMS

- they simply borrow the traditional steep

gable roof, which offers modern buildings the
same practical advantage that it does to the Traditional gable
traditional thai houses roofing

- sluicing off rain and ventilating hot air

from the interior space below
- multi-tiered roofs used in modern
building but applied with restraint
- this traditional approach to roof
proportions helps reduce the appearance of
overwhelming size, just as it does in the
temple hall
 ROOF FORMS

- Hipped and hipped

gable roof can also give
modern buildings a
tropical Asian character,
in common with colonial
Breaks between
influenced architecture
layers can be used
to provide of Malaysia and
ventilation as per Indonesia
ordinary jack rood
POST AND BEAM CONSTRUCTION

- Builders have successfully used post-and-beam construction employing elements made of

materials such as reinforced cement instead of wood

BUILDINGS OVER WATER

Pools of water have been used by contemporary architects as elements that transcend landscape
design and become integrated with the look and purpose of new Thai Buildings
-serenity
-Coolness
-a sense of open space
- mirroring the building’s image on the water surface
 FAMOUS ARCHITECT
THAIWIJIT POENGKASEMSOMBOON- Mo Hotel in Chiang
Mai

- Contemporary Thai architecture encompassing interior landscape design in the

same spirit
- the architect gathered around him Contemporary interior designers, painters,
sculptors, and installation artists designed a room each with themes according to
the traditional twelve-animal year cycle.
- There are therefore twelve rooms, one of which was designed by Thaiwijit himself.
END OF PRESENTATION
CHALERM KRUNG THEATRE- By PRINCE
SAMAICHALERM KRISDAKARA

(also called Sala chalermkrung royal

theatre)
opened on July 3, 1933. after serving as a
cinema for many years it now hosts performance of
classical Thai dances
Sponsored by King Prajahdhipok as part of
the celebrations in 1932 to mark the 50th anniversary
of the founding of Bangkok
Architect: MOM CHAO SAMAICHALOEM
KRIDAKORN ( chief master builder at the
department of outer palace
1986 - Robot building would become the mascot of
modern Bangkok and features in History Channel
Programme
- Sumet Jumsai’s former British Council
Building in Siam Square, Bangkok,
2009 - A49 DESIGNERS would
create for BU LANDMARK
COMPLEX IN RANGSIT -a
diamond-shape or cubist building
in the best of the late modernist
tradition
The Rietveld style on RAJDAMNERN AVENUE
Within GYEONGUNGUNG PALACE
– series of Western-style buildings was erected
- Jeonggwanheon Pavilion- venue for
holding Banquet
- is a modern pavilion built in the royal
garden in 1900, and was the first
Western-style building in a Korean royal
palace ever built. Although it is built by a
Russian architect in a European style, it also
features Korean elements. It was
transformed into a cafeteria during the
Japanese occupation
Seokjojeon Hall (1910)

- three-story neoclassical style building

design to imitate the style of a
European palace
- designed by British architect John
Reginald Harding, used for diplomatic
and high-level government meetings.
Junghwajeon Hall (1902)
– two-story structure by Korea’s last palace
carpenters
- where King Gojong held official functions
and received his subjects and foreign
envoys.
- destroyed by fire and rebuilt as a
one-story structure in 1906
- The simultaneous building of
Western-style Seokjojeon Hall and
traditional-style Junghwajeon Hall
completed this modern-style palace with
its coexistence of traditional and Western
architectural forms.
Gyeongbokgung Palace to Gyeongungung Palace (today’s Deoksugung Palace)

Emperor Gojong
EURIM APARTMENT
-the first complex-type
apartment
- the first apartment is
known to be on the 4th floor in
Chungjeong-ro, Seoul

1930s - built by architect

Toyoda
Sample structures

Park Gil-ryong: Min Byeing-ok

House in Insa-dong
Traditional Carpenters : Lee
Tae-jun House in Seongbuk-dong

-Suyeonsanbang, a traditional
Korean tea house, where the late
author Lee Tae-Jun wrote many of
his books.
CHALERM KRUNG THEATRE- By PRINCE
SAMAICHALERM KRISDAKARA

(also called Sala chalermkrung royal

theatre)
opened on July 3, 1933. after serving as a
cinema for many years it now hosts performance of
classical Thai dances
Sponsored by King Prajahdhipok as part of
the celebrations in 1932 to mark the 50th anniversary
of the founding of Bangkok
Architect: MOM CHAO SAMAICHALOEM
KRIDAKORN ( chief master builder at the
department of outer palace