II~u 1

__s~1M~U~L~TAN~Eo~u~s~L;.;;.1N=__£.__A R ~ E ~
. t . . ultaneous linear equations in two variable
Syllabus : Solution of pairs O sim s. Sirnpi
leading to them. .• _.
.,,,...,,,r,, ePr
WI -- •

.near E at1·on In Two Variables

L1 qu _ here a b
An equation of the form ax + .baby; c - 0~~k now :s c are real num ber s (a :1:. o b
a line ar equation in two van es or
; and y. ' ~ 0), is
,Ex am ple s: Each of the equations :
2.x - 3y + 5 = 0
(i) (ii) 5x + 9y = 23
(iii) 0·2.x + 0•5y = 2·5 (iv) -✓ 2x- ✓3y = 0
is a linear equation in x and y.
We say tha t the values (x = m and Y = n) sati
sfy ax + by + c = O, if am + bn +c:: o
Exa mp le 1. Show that x = 3 and y = 1 sati
sfy the equation 2x + 3y - 9 = 0.
Solution : Substituting x = 3 and y = 1 in the equ atio n
2x + 3y - 9 = 0, we get :
L.H.S. =2 x 3 + 3 x 1 - 9 = 6 + 3 - 9 = 9 -
9 = 0 = R.H.S.
:. x = 3 and y = 1 satisfy the equation 2x
+ 3y - 9 = 0.
Simultaneous Linear Equations In Two Variables
Two linear equatwns in two variables x and y
are said to form a system of simultaneo
linear equatwns if each of them is satisfied by 1
the same pai r of values of x and y.
Exa mp le : Consider the system of line ar equatio
ns
X + y = 13, X - y = 3
By sub stitu tion , we find tha t each of thes e equ
ations is sati sfie d by the values x =8an
y= 5.
Hence, the above equations form a system of
sim ulta neo us line ar equations in x andy.
A pai r of values of x and y satisfying each
of the equ atio ns in a given system of tw
simultaneous equations in x and y is called a
solu tion of the system. ·
Thus, in the above example, x = 8, y = 5 is a
solution of the sys tem of linear equations
X + y = 13, X - y = 3.

Exa mp le 2. Sho w tha t x = 5, y = - 2 is a solu

tion of the system of linear equations :
4x + 3y = 14, 9x - 5y = 55.
Sol utio n : The given equations are :
,,Ji
4x + 3y = 14
9x - 5y = 55 ,,,(ii
Put ting x = 5 and y = - 2 in (i), we get :
L.H.S. = 4 x 5 + 3 x (-2) = (20 - 6) = 14 = R.H
.S.
Put ting x = 5 and y = - 2 in (ii), we get :
L.H.S. = 9 x 5 - 5 x (-2) = (45 + 10) = 55 =
R.H.S.
Thu s, x = 5 and Y = - 2 sati sfy bot h (i) and
(ii).
Hence, x = 5, y = - 2 is a solution of the give
n sys tem of equ ations.
240
 - 6 5 2- - "o
4x - 3y = , x + ,Y = 17. not a solution of the syste m of linea .
The given equa tions are : r equations

4x - 3y = 6
5x + 2y = 17
Putti ng x = 3 and y = 2 in (i) we get . ... (i)
...(ii)
L.H.~- = 4 x 3 - 3 x 2 =_(12.~ 6) = 6 ~ R.H.S.
Putti ng x = 3 and y = 2 m (ii), we get :
L.H.S. = 5 x 3 + 2 x 2 = (15 + 4) = 19 -:t. R.H.S.
Thus, the valu es x = 3, y = 2 do not sati fy ( · ')
3 2. 8 u.
Hence, x = ' Y = is not a solution of the given system of equations.

METHODS .OF SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS

bstitution Method
I SU • t 1· .
· Suppose we are given wo. mea r equa tions in x and y. Then, we may .
·t tion meth od as unde r . solve them by
ubs1t u
s te 1.
.
Expr ess y m term s of x from one of the given . .
equations.
~te: 2. Subs titute this valu e of y in the second equation to obtain an equat
ion in x.
Solve it for x.
Step S. Subs titute the valu e of x in the relation obtained in step 1, to get the
value of Y.
Note: We may inter chan ge the roles of x and y in the above method.
Example 4. Solve : 3x - y = 10, 5x + 2y = 24.
Solution : The given equa tions are :
3x - y = 10 ... (i)
5x + 2y = 24 ...(ii)
F rom (i') , we get : 3x - Y = lo ___.
_,._ ·y -- (3x - 10). ...(iii)
S b t'tuti ng y = (3x - 10) m u ' we get .· - 24
. ( • ')
u s1 ¢:> 5x + 6x - 20 -
5x + 2(3X - 10) = 24 ¢:> 11 X = 24 + 20
¢:> .llx = 44
¢:> X = 4. ) 2
( ...
Subs tituti ng x = 4 in iii ' . ) we get . Y -- (3 X 4 - 10 = '
f ·the given equations.
. - = 2 is the solution o
. • X - 4, y 2 - 11
Example 5. Solve : 4x + 3y = 14, 3x + ~ - .
Solution : · are : ...(i)
The given equa tions - 14
' 4.x + 3y - ...(ii)
·3x + 2y = 11 2y == (11 - 3x)
..
From (n), we get · . 3x + 2y = 11 ~ ...(iii)
~
y' == !. (11 - 3x)
.2
.) we get :
1 (11 - 3x) in (i '
. g Y -- -
Subs titutm 2 8x + a(ll - 3x) -- 28

4x + -
3 (11 - 3x) == 14 <:=>
¢::> 8x +
33 - 9x == 28
33 ¢ -
:... - 5
X -
~ x == 5.
2 _ X:: 28 -
¢::>

241
 Substituting x = 5 in (iii ), we get
:
y = !_ (11 - 3 X 5) = 1 (11 - 15) 1
=
2 2 2 . X (- 4) = - 2.
: . x = 5, y = _ 2 is the solution
of th e giv
. en eq t·
ua ions.
II. Elimination Method

Ste p 1. Multiply the given equations by sui

table con sta nts so as to make th
of one of the unknowns, nu me nc · a11
Y equ a1· . · eCOeffi ·
Ste p 2.· Add the new ·equations, if the nume Ct
. ric all y equ al coefficients are opp. o ·te. .
otherwise ·subtract the m. . s1 l!l ·
Ste p 8. Solve the equation so obt ain ed. SI

This gives tbe value of

one of the ' unknowns.
Ste p 4. Substitute the value of this unknow
•· n in any of the given equations s
get the value of $e oth er unknown. 1 it
· ove
~
Example 6. Solve : 3x + 4y = 17, 5x - 2y = 11.
So lut ion : The given equations are :
3x + 4y = 17
5x - 2y = 11 ...(
Multiplying (ii) throughout by 2, we ...(i
get
lOx - 4y = 22
Adding (i) and (ii i), we get 13x = ...(ii
39 ~ x = 3.
Substituting x = 3 in (i ), we get
3 X 3 + 4y = 17 ¢::} 4y = 17 - 9 ¢::}
4y = 8 ~ y = 2.
:. x = 3, y = 2 is the solution
of the given equations.
Ex am ple 7. Solve : 4x + 7y = 9, lOx + 9y =
31.
So lut ion : Note tha t the coefficients of x are
4 and 10 whose L.C.M. is 20. So, mak
coefficient of x equal to 20. e eac
The given equations are
4x + 7y = 9 ...(;
lOx + 9y = 31
Multiplying (i) by 5 and (ii) by 2,
we get
20x + 35y = 45 ...(iii
20x + 18y = 62 _..(ib
Subtracting (iv) from (i ii), we get:
17y = - 17 ~ y = - 1.
Substituting y = - 1 in (i), we get
:
4x + 7 X (-1) = 9 ¢::} 4x - 7 = 9 ¢::}
4x = 16 ~ X = 4.
: . x = 4, Y = - 1 is the soluti
on of the given equ ations.
Ex am ple 8. Solve : 3x + 5y = 3, 4x + 3y = 15.
So lut ion : The given equations are :
3x +5 y= 3 J
...(ii
4x + 3y = 15
Multiplying (i) by 4 and (ii) by 3, we get :
...(iii
12x + 20y = 12
...(ii'
12x + 9y = 45

242
r subtracting (iv ) from (ii
= - 3 in
i), We ge t : 11 -
(i) , W e ge t : y - - 33 <=> y = - 3.
su bs tit ut in g y
(- 3) = 3 ~ 3x - 15 : 3 ¢::> 3x _
3x + 5 X
- - 3 . h e so lu · n of the - .18 <=> x = 6.
tio
-
:. x - 6, y - is t
ef fic ie nt s of x an d, _given equations . .
es : Whe n th e co Y are interchanged in .
C . the given two equations.
1.,i as th e given equatio ns and once b
5pec cases , onceI weThad d.c. II . pl e wi ll m ak e t ~e su tract them to get the
h e. e 10 owing ex am
[11 511c easilY solvab
, 17 x - 19 y = 53 . he ideas more clear.
= 55
l tions, 9, Solve : 19x - 17~ :
~aJl ple , The given eq ua tio ns ar e
~J11tiOJl •
19x - l 7y = 55 ...(i )
• y = 53
17 x- 19 ... (ii )
t : 36x - 36 y = lO B
Adding (i) an d (ii), we ge _
<=} X - y = 3 ...(ii i)
( . ') fr , we ge t • 2x + 2:",
Subtracting ii om (i) · v - 2 < = }x + y= l ... (iv )
ge t : 2x = 4 <=} x = 2.
Adding (ii i) an d (iv ), we
in g (ii i) fro m (iv ), we get : 2y = _ 2 <=} y = _ l.
Su bt ra ct
- I is th e so lu tio n of the given equati~ns.
:. x = 2, Y =
85 3 2
- = 34 , - - - = 13.
11,a111ple 10, Solve : -X - y X y
~
1 1 me :
ng - = u an d - = v, the given equations beco
~lution : Pu tti X y
...(i)
Bu - 5v = 34 ... (ii )
3u - 2v = 13
(ii ) by 5, we get :
Multiplying (i) by 2 an d ... (ii i)
16 u - IOv = 68 ... (iv )
l5 u - IOv = 65
3
i), we get : u = ·
Su bt ra ct in g (iv ) from (ii
, we get :
Su bs tit ut in g u = 3 in (i) 5v -- - l O <=> v = - 2·
= 24 - 34 ~
8 x 3 - 5v = 34 ~ 5v
. 1
3x = 1 ==> x = 3·
Now, u = 3 ⇒ _!. = 3 ⇒ X 1
= - 2.
1 = - 2 ⇒ - 2y = 1 ⇒ y
And, v. = -·. 2 ⇒ -y
1 . f th e given equations.
1 is th e solut10n o
.'. X = 3' y = - 2

= 3.
£,l e II . S olve : y - -3 = 8 ' 2y + x7
X
... (i)
tions become
So ua ... (ii )
lituon .. 1 -
Pu tti ng -X - z,
oi
th e 1:,- ven eq

y - 3z = 8
2y + 7z = 3
243
 Multiplying (i) by 2, we get :
2y - 6z = 16
Subtracting (iii) from (ii), we get :
13z = - 13 <=> z = - 1.
Substituting z = - 1 in (i), we get :
y - 3 X (-1) = 8 <=> y + 3 = 8 <=> Y = 5.
1
Now z = - 1 <=> - = - 1 <=> - x = 1 <=> x = - 1.
' X
:. x = - 1, y = 5 is the solution of the given
equations.

Exa mp le 12. Xy X
Solve : -
=7, - y = 22.
4 6 2
Sol utio n: Multiplying the first equation throughout by 12, the
L.C.M. of 4 and
multiplying the second equation throughout by 2, they 6au
become
3x - 2y = 84
X - 2y = 44
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get : 2x = 40 <=> x = ..,lj
20.
Substituting x = 20 in (i), we get :
3 x_20 - 2y = 84 ~ - 2y = 84 - 60 ~ - 2y =
24 <=> y = - 12.
· x = 20, y = - 12 is the solution of the
given equations.
EXERCISE 26A
Solve each pair of equations given below, using subs
titution method :
1. x + y = 12, x - y = 2 2. 5x + 3y = 24, 3x - y = 20
3. X - 3y = 2, 2x + 7y = 30 4. X + 4y = 5, 4x + y = 50
5. 2x + 3y = 6, 3x + 5y = 15 6. 5x - 7y = - 9, 2x + 5y = 12
Solve each pair of equations given below, using elim
ination method :
7. x + 2y = 39, 2x - 3y = 1 8. 3x - y = 5, 5x - 2y = 4
9. 14x - 3y = 54, 2lx - 8y = 95 10. 7x - 6y = 37, 5x + 4y = 43
11. lOx + 3y = 36, · 15x - 14y = 17 12. 4x + 3y = 14, 9x - 5y = 55
Solve the following simultaneous equations :
13. 4x - 3y = 11, 2x - 5y = - 5 14. llx - Sy = 46, 2x + 7y = - 17
15. 5x - 3y = 13, 3x - 2y = 5 16. 5a + 4b = 22, 4a + 5b = 23
17. 8x + 3y = 0, 3x + 5(y + 3) = - 16 18. Sy - 5z = 7, 3y = 4(z - 2)
19. 2(a - 3) + 3(b - 5) = 0, 5(a - 1) + 4(b - 4) =
O
20. 4(3x - y) = 9x + 5, 3(2x + 3y) = 13(x + y -
5)