Unit 4

CICLO FORMATIVO DE GRADO SUPERIOR
COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL
INGLÉS (0179)
ENGLISH FOR
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Prof.: Paula Martín

ENGLISH FOR
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE
UNIT 4: Money and trends

Do you know how much cash do you
have with you at the moment?
Do you have a financial cushion?
Do you normally check your receipts when shopping?
When lending money to family or friends, do you say

anything if they forget to pay it back?
Do you normally check your restaurant bills?

Do you check prices before buying something?
Do you give money to beggars?
Would you give money

to charities?
Do you save money? Which method do you use?
Do you sell things you don't want (on Vinted, for

example)?
VOCABULARY: Financial terms
debt
recession
equity stake
forecast shares
stock market
Match the words (previous slide) to the definitions:

Equal parts into which the capital or ownership of a company is
divided
A period of time when business activity decreases because the

economy is doing badly
Money risked when a business owns part of another company

Match the words (previous slide) to the definitions:

A place where company shares are bought and sold
A description of what is likely to happen in the future
Money owed by one person or organization to another person or

organization
Do a bit of research and try to guess the word:
"A part of a company's profits paid to the

owners of shares" is a...
"The difference between the price of a product

or service and the cost of producing it" is a...
"Money which people or organizations put into

a business to make a profit" is a...
"The amount of money which business obtains

(in a year) from customers by selling goods or
services" is a...
"When a person or organization cannot pay

their debts" is a...
"The money a business makes before

payment to the government" is a...
Complete this news report using the new terms:
There was a further downturn in the economy this month as the

________ in the United States and Asia-Pacific region continues.
Yesterday was another day of heavy trading on the ________, with
big losses in share values. The _________ for the near future is
not good, as market confidence remains low. Paradise Lane, the
struggling luxury hotel group, is seeking new ________ to try and
avoid ________, following the announcement of disastrous interim
results. It currently has a ________of nearly $5b.
Complete this news report using the new terms:
There are rumours of rivals GHN taking a large _______ in the

troubled hotel group. Phoenix Media announced a 15% increase in
________ on an _________ of $4.5 million. Added to the strong
performance in the last quarter, this is likely to result in an
increased ________ of over 14 cents per share, well up on last
year, which will certainly please shareholders. Following a rise
in sales in the emerging markets of...
Cross out the verb which does not normally go with the noun
to decrease to come out of
RECESSION
to pull something
to plunge something into
out of
to make to produce
A FORECAST
to give
to work
to divide to be close to
BANKRUPTCY
to go into
to face
to make to earn
A PROFIT
to do
to generate
to attract to pay an
INVESTMENT
to make an
to encourage
to repay to invoice
DEBTS
to run up
to write off
VOCABULARY: COLLOCATIONS
Complete the sentences using the correct word:

1. The company's ____________ increased significantly after implementing a new
marketing strategy.
2. In times of economic uncertainty, businesses often struggle to avoid ____________.
3. It's crucial for individuals to manage their finances wisely to prevent falling into
____________.
4. A careful ____________ of market trends can help businesses make informed decisions.
5. During a ____________, many businesses may face challenges, and some may even
declare ____________.
6. Smart ____________ in innovation and technology can lead to long-term success for a
company.
LET’S PUT THIS VOCABULARY INTO PRACTICE!
In groups of 4 people, discuss the following
questions:
Which types of businesses are making profits or
losses?
What sort of business is a good investment?
Can you think of any businesses which have gone

bankrupt recently ?
(BUSINESS) IDIOMS: Money
BREAD AND BUTTER

Being a shop assistant is my bread and butter
right now.
MONEY DOESN'T GROW ON TREES

Turn off the lights! I have to pay the light bill
and money doesn’t grow on trees!
TO GO DUTCH
Mary didn't pay for me. We went dutch on

dinner last night.
TO SAVE FOR A RAINY DAY
I don't want to spend the entire budget on my holidays.

I'll save some for a rainy day.
TO BE IN THE MONEY
She's won the lottery! She is in the money!!

TO SPEND MONEY LIKE WATER

Now that George's got a steady job, he spends money
like water. He can't stop buying new clothes.
TO BE A CHEAPSKATE
My friend Lisa is such a cheapskate!

She cuts her hair herself!
TO BRING HOME THE BACON

His wife lost her job a few months ago, so Robert
has to bring home the bacon
Match the idiom to the correct meaning

a) primary source of income
b) to be in a fortunate financial situation
c) people should spend their money wisely
d) to be excessively thrifty or miserly; to avoid spending
money
Match the idiom to the correct meaning

e) to provide financial support for one's family
f) to split the cost of something equally, especially a meal
g) to spend money without much consideration
h) to set aside money for future unexpected needs or
emergencies
Create a sentence where you use

3 of the previous idioms.
Lisa decided to go Dutch for dinner because she was spending

money like water last month and had hardly any money. After
that, she realized the importance of saving for a rainy day.
PRESENT/PAST PERFECT
We use PRESENT PERFECT to express an event that happened

in the past that has present consequences or experiences
She has lived here since 2005

I have won 4 races this month
We haven’t bought a car yet.
Have you ever tried snails?
PRESENT PERFECT - Structure
SUB + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
SUB + HAVE/HAS NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
HAVE/HAS + SUB + PAST PARTICIPLE + ?

PRESENT PERFECT - key words
SINCE/FOR ALREADY/JUST
YET THIS WEEK/MONTH/YEAR
RECENTLY LATELY
EVER SO FAR
We use PAST PERFECT to describe a past event that occurred

prior to another past event
PAST PERFECT PAST SIMPLE PRESENT
Pepa and Avelino had worked together for years

before they became friends.
When I got into the car, I realized I hadn’t closed the car door.
PAST PERFECT - Structure
SUB + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
SUB + HAD NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
HAD + SUB + PAST PARTICIPLE + ?

PAST PERFECT - key words
BEFORE/AFTER ALREADY
BY THE TIME AS SOON AS
BY (TIME) WHEN
LET’S GET STARTED!

LISTENING
MONEY EXPLAINED
LISTENING
MONEY EXPLAINED
Which bank did introduce the credit card in 1958?

What's the meaning of 'credere'?
Name the three C's
What are the two types of customers?
What's a 'deadbeat customer'?
The interest rate depends on your...
DESCRIBING TRENDS
DO YOU KNOW
WHAT A GRAPH IS?
TYPES OF CHARTS
BAR CHART PIE CHART

TYPES OF CHARTS
DONUT PIE CHART LINE CHART

TYPES OF CHARTS
VERTICAL BAR SCATTER PLOT

CHART/COLUMN CHART
VOCABULARY: MOVEMENTS
TO DECLINE - DISMINUIR/ DECAER TO INCREASE - AUMENTAR

TO GAIN - AUMENTAR (US) TO DECREASE - DISMINUIR
TO DROP - BAJAR/CAER TO RISE / TO GROW - CRECER
TO ROCKET - SUBIR VERTIGINOSAMENTE TO JUMP - SALTAR
TO DOUBLE - DOBLAR TO IMPROVE - MEJORAR
TO TRIPLE - TRIPLICAR TO FALL - CAER
TO PEAK - ALCANZAR LA CIMA / EL PICO MÁS TO PLUMMET - CAER DE GOLPE
ALTO
VOCABULARY: MOVEMENTS
TO FLUCTUATE - FLUCTUAR
TO RECOVER - RECUPERARSE
TO LEVEL OFF - ESTABILIZARSE
TO HALVE - REDUCIRSE A LA MITAD
TO REMAIN STABLE - ESTAR ESTABLE
TO REACH THE HIGHEST LEVEL - LLEGAR A
LO MÁS ALTO
TO SINK - HUNDIRSE
TO BOTTOM OUT - TOCAR FONDO
TO SHOOT UP/TO SOAR - DISPARARSE
VOCABULARY: INTERNSIFIERS
sharply – bruscamente widely – ampliamente
suddenly – repentinamente slightly – ligeramente
rapidly- rápidamente moderately – de forma moderada
dramatically – dramaticamente roughly – apenas
significantly – significativamente keenly – de forma intensa
considerably – considerablemente successfully – de forma exitosa
markedly – notablemente
VOCABULARY: INTERNSIFIERS
> Prices increased considerably
> There has been a dramatic fall in exports
> There is a significant decline in production
> I think that his company will fall slightly
> Profit grows gradually
> Orders have dropped sharply

PREPOSITIONS
a rise (in/of)
an increase (in/of)
to rise 2% to 7%
a growth (in/of)
to increase from $3b to $10b
a peak (in/of)
to rise by 20%
a fall (in/of)
to stand at 4€
a decrease (in/of)
to soar by 44%
a decline (in/of)
a dip (in) – un bache en
a fluctuation (in/of)
a variation (in/of)
PREPOSITIONS
IN + NOUN
OF + NUMBER / PERCENTAGE
This decrease of 40% in production is shocking.

The increase in the crime rate is significant.
PREPOSITIONS
Apparently, the number of Madrid's underground

users per day has fallen significantly from 1 million
people to 250,000 people this month. This is due to
the rise in ticket prices...
USEFUL LANGUAGE NUMBERS
$3,000 (EN) - 3.000€ (SP) 1/2 - a half

$3,000.45 (EN) - 3.000,45€ (SP) 1/4 - a quarter
$7.80 - seven dollars eighty 3/4 - three quarters

2/3 - two thirds
250€ - two hundred and fifty euros
23% - twenty three percent
A small fraction / a small number / a small
two in ten - dos de cada diez
minority
The vast majority / a large fraction / a
significant majority
USEFUL LANGUAGE NUMBERS
More than a half...

Almost 30%...
Approximately one in ten people...
Around two-thirds...
A quarter (25%)...
Less than a third...
USEFUL LANGUAGE:
DESCRIBE A GRAPH
The graph/pie chart/bar chart ...

illustrates/shows/portrays/describes/explains...
The graph gives information about...
The bar chart provides information about...
This pie chart draws the conclusion of a survey...
The following chart represents...

USEFUL LANGUAGE:
DESCRIBE A GRAPH
The following chart represents...
The most obvious trend is that...
This has increased slightly in many countries...
The average age of the surveyed is...
The figures you see are based on...

USEFUL LANGUAGE:
DESCRIBE A GRAPH
The amount of food which is being wasted is...
The red line represents...
It is noticeable that...
It can be seen from the graph that…
In conclusion / in a nutshell / to conclude / overall...
I have now come to the end of my presentation, thank you for your attention...
LINKERS:
EXPRESSING CONTRAST
ALTHOUGH
DESPITE
EVEN THOUGH
HOWEVER
IN SPITE OF
NEVERTHELESS
WHILE
WHEREAS
BY CONTRAST
CONVERSELY
STRUCTURE OF THE SPEECH
INTRODUCTION
Greeting
Introduce yourself
Information about the graph
TRENDS
Description of the trends or the noticeable ones
Mention figures and percentages
STRUCTURE OF THE SPEECH
COMPARE & CONTRAST
CLOSING
Conclusion (no opinion)
Thank you to the audience
Write 5 sentences about the following graph:
Write 5 sentences about the following graph:
READING TASK
WRITING TASK
E-MAIL OF COMPLAINT

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CICLO FORMATIVO DE GRADO SUPERIOR

Prof.: Paula Martín

UNIT 4: Money and trends

Do you have a financial cushion?

Do you normally check your receipts when shopping?

When lending money to family or friends, do you say

Do you normally check your restaurant bills?

Do you give money to beggars?

Would you give money

Do you save money? Which method do you use?

Do you sell things you don't want (on Vinted, for

Match the words (previous slide) to the definitions:

A period of time when business activity decreases because the

Money risked when a business owns part of another company

Match the words (previous slide) to the definitions:

A description of what is likely to happen in the future

Money owed by one person or organization to another person or

Do a bit of research and try to guess the word:

"A part of a company's profits paid to the

Do a bit of research and try to guess the word:

"The difference between the price of a product

Do a bit of research and try to guess the word:

"Money which people or organizations put into

Do a bit of research and try to guess the word:

"The amount of money which business obtains

Do a bit of research and try to guess the word:

"When a person or organization cannot pay

Do a bit of research and try to guess the word:

"The money a business makes before

Complete this news report using the new terms:

There was a further downturn in the economy this month as the

Complete this news report using the new terms:

There are rumours of rivals GHN taking a large _______ in the

to decrease to come out of

Complete the sentences using the correct word:

What sort of business is a good investment?

Can you think of any businesses which have gone

BREAD AND BUTTER

MONEY DOESN'T GROW ON TREES

Mary didn't pay for me. We went dutch on

TO SAVE FOR A RAINY DAY

I don't want to spend the entire budget on my holidays.

She's won the lottery! She is in the money!!

TO SPEND MONEY LIKE WATER

My friend Lisa is such a cheapskate!

TO BRING HOME THE BACON

Match the idiom to the correct meaning

Match the idiom to the correct meaning

Create a sentence where you use

Lisa decided to go Dutch for dinner because she was spending

We use PRESENT PERFECT to express an event that happened

She has lived here since 2005

PRESENT PERFECT - Structure

SUB + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE

SUB + HAVE/HAS NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE

HAVE/HAS + SUB + PAST PARTICIPLE + ?

PRESENT PERFECT - key words

YET THIS WEEK/MONTH/YEAR

We use PAST PERFECT to describe a past event that occurred

PAST PERFECT PAST SIMPLE PRESENT

Pepa and Avelino had worked together for years

PAST PERFECT - Structure