CLASS 9TH ATOM AND MOLECULE

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1.What is the difference between an endothermic and an exothermic reaction?
Ans:
In an endothermic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings, resulting in a
decrease in temperature, while in an exothermic reaction, energy is released to the
surroundings, resulting in an increase in temperature.

2.What is the difference between a cation and an anion?

Ans:
A cation is a positively charged ion formed by losing electrons, while an anion is a
negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.

3.How do you determine the valency of an element?

Ans:
The valency of an element can be determined by the number of electrons it needs to gain,
lose, or share to achieve a stable electron configuration, typically by attaining a noble
gas configuration.

4.What is the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture?

Ans:
A homogeneous mixture has uniform composition and properties throughout, while a
heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases.

5.What is the law of multiple proportions?

Ans:
The law of multiple proportions states that when elements combine to form different
compounds, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other
element are in ratios of small whole numbers.

6:What is the role of the nucleus in an atom?

Ans:
The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons and is responsible for the atom's
mass and positive charge.

7:What is the Bohr's model of the atom?

Ans:
Bohr's model of the atom proposes that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels
or shells, and each shell can hold a specific maximum number of electrons.

8.What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron, and electron?

Ans:
Protons and neutrons have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu), while
electrons have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons.
9:What is the atomic number of an atom?
Ans:
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. It
determines the element's identity.

10:What is the mass number of an atom?

Ans-
The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

11.What is an isotope?
Ans:
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and
thus different mass number.

12.What are the rules for writing chemical formulas?

Ans:
The rules include:
Write the symbol of the element with its corresponding subscript to represent the
number of atoms.
Use parentheses when more than one of a polyatomic ion is present.
Write the cation first followed by the anion in ionic compounds.
Balance the charges to achieve neutrality in ionic compounds.

13: Write the molecular formulae for the following compounds

(a) Copper (I) bromide

(b) Aluminium (III) nitrate

(c) Calcium (II) phosphate

(d) Iron (III) sulphide

(e) Mercury (I) chloride

(f) Magnesium (I) acetate

Answer:

(a) The molecular formula of Copper (I) bromide is CuBr.

(b) The molecular formula of Aluminium (III) nitrate is Al(NO3)3.

(c) The molecular formula of Calcium (II) phosphate is Ca3(PO4)2.

(d) The molecular formula of Iron (III) sulfide is Fe2S3.

(e) The molecular formula of Mercury (I) chloride is HgCl2.

(f) The molecular formula of Magnesium (I) acetate is Mg(CH3COO)2.

14.Which are the six postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory?

Answer:

Postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory

1. The matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms.

2. Atoms of the same element are similar in shape and mass but differ from the atoms of
different elements.

3. Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed.

4. Atoms of different elements combine in fixed, simple, whole-number ratios to form a

compound.

5. Atoms of the same element can combine in more than one ratio to form two or more
compounds.

6. The atom is the tiniest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction.

15.Why did Rutherford select a gold foil in his α–ray scattering experiment?

Answer:

Rutherford wanted a metal sheet that could be as thin as possible for the scattering
experiment. Gold is the most malleable of all the metals known to man. It’s simple to
make thin sheets out of it. As a result, for his alpha-ray scattering experiment, Rutherford
used gold foil.