‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.

com -‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪(FMD401‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﻼﺕﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
 ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪(FMD401‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪(FMD401‬‬

 ‫▪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻝﻗﻔﻞ ﺁﻟﻴﺔﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫▪ ﺷﻜﻞﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫▪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻃﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻓﻲ ﺇﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺮﺓ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺮﺓ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪(FMD401‬‬

 ‫▪ ﺃﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﻫﻮ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻳﺪﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻬﺘﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻀُﻔﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺬﺑﺬﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺟﺴﻢﺁﺧﺮ)ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬

‫▪ ﺍﻝﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺬﻱﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬

‫ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲﻛﻴﻒ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪eccentric‬‬
‫‪cam:‬‬
‫▪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺫﺑﺬﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔﻣﺘﻨﺎﻏﻤﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪(FMD401‬‬

 Angular velocity
‫▪ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬

Since the number of teeth on a wheel is proportional to its diameter ‫▪ ﻷﻥﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ‬

(FMD401) ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ‬

 ‫‪motslsl‬‬ ‫‪gear trains‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ‪:‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺃﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞﻣﻦ ﻋﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ‬
‫‪the overall gear ratio‬‬
‫▪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬

‫‪Compound gear train‬‬

‫▪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻋﺠﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪FMD401‬‬

 ‫‪Rotational to translational motion‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃ(ﺭﻑ ﻭﺗﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺏ(ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻮﺯ‬
‫‪el mosmar elra2esyy‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ‪ L‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﻄﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺯﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫▪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﺨﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻌﺐ‪.‬‬
‫▪ ﻓﻲﻥﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻟﺒﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ‪.nl‬‬
‫▪ ﻟﻮﻥﺗﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻣﻦ ‪ ،t‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ ‪ v‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻟﺒﻲ ﻫﻲ ‪.nl/t‬‬

‫ﺑﻤﺎﺃﻥ ‪ n/t‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ f‬ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪(FMD401‬‬

 ‫▪ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕﺍﻟﺤﺰﺍﻡ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﺣﺮﺟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﺍﻡ‬
‫▪ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕﺍﻟﺤﺰﺍﻡﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺰﺍﻡﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫▪ ﻋﺰﻡﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖﻭ ﺃﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫▪ ﻋﺰﻡﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪A = )T1 - T2( rA‬‬

‫▪ ﻋﺰﻡﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪B = )T1 - T2( rB‬‬

‫▪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ = )‪v(T1 - T2‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪(FMD401‬‬

 ‫▪ ﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﺍﻡ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺱ‪،‬‬

‫▪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺰﻻﻕﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪(FMD401‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ‪Chains‬‬

‫▪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺰﻻﻕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺳﻼﺳﻞ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺯﻭﺟﺎً ﻣﻦ ﻋﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫▪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺱ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬

‫▪ ﺗﻤﻜﻦﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫▪ ﻫﻢﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎﺩﺉﺔ ﻣﺜﻞﺃﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻌﺰﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﺗﺮﻭﻧﻜﺲ )‪(FMD401‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮﺍًﻟﻚ!‬