CHAPTER 2

MECHANICAL
Mechanical engineering is an important branch of engineering that

deals with the design and development of mechanical products,

mechanical systems, machines and devices, which are used in various

industries such as engineering, chemical, electrical, electronic, medical,

oil, food, agricultural and many other industries.

Mechanical engineering includes many subfields such as mechanics

of materials, design, production, control, automation, energy, motion,

refrigeration, heating, air conditioning, heat, dynamic and statistical

mechanics, thermography, and many others.

Mechanical principles and concepts are applied to solve many

different engineering problems, such as analyzing and designing

mechanical components, systems, and machines, improving performance,

reducing damage and costs, and increasing productivity and efficiency

The mechanical engineer specialized in mechanical engineering is

considered one of the most important technical cadres required in various

industries, and is characterized by his ability to think engineering and be

creative in solving complex engineering problems, managing projects and

various engineering operations, and designing and developing mechanical

products and advanced mechanical systems.

 The Mechanical engineering plays an important role in the design

and development of devices and robots, as it involves many mechanical

aspects that affect the performance of these devices and robots. This

includes:

1. Structure Design: The design of the structure and the frame that
holds the other components of the device or robot. The structure
must be strong and durable enough to withstand the stresses,
vibrations, and daily use.

2. Motors and Motor Systems: Mechanical principles are applied to the

design and development of motors and motor systems in robotics and
devices, including electric, hydraulic, pneumatic and other mechanical
actuators.

3. Wheels and joints: Many robots use wheels and joints to move and
operate, and these parts are designed to suit the different purposes of the
device or robot.

4. Sensing and Control: Mechanical engineering is used in the design of

sensitive devices and electronic systems used in monitoring and
controlling robots and devices, including computer vision systems and
automatic and robotic control systems.

In general, mechanical engineering plays a critical role in the design and

development of modern devices and robots, and helps in improving the
performance, efficiency, accuracy, flexibility, robustness, and
controllability of these devices and robots.

2.1 PROJECT IDEA

This robot is used in the exploration of minerals in the deserts, which

contributes to improving the economy of the region and providing job

opportunities for the communities.

2.2 MECHANICAL DESIGN
Design is a fundamental aspect of mechanical engineering, which

involves transforming an idea or functional need into an efficient

mechanical product or system. This is done by applying mechanical

concepts and principles and using different tools and techniques to

achieve the set objectives.

Design stages in mechanical engineering include:

1. Needs Analysis: The functional needs of the required mechanical

product or system are analyzed to identify the basic requirements
necessary to achieve the desired purpose.

2. Component Design: Various mechanical components required for a

mechanical product or system are designed, including structural design,
functional design, aesthetic design, and others.

3. Modeling and simulation: 3D modeling and simulation are used to

analyze and test the performance of the design and to identify any
problems that the product or mechanical system may encounter before its
implementation.

4. Testing and Analysis: Performs the necessary tests of components and

the mechanical system to ensure that it meets specified functional and
performance requirements, and performs the necessary analyzes to
determine any required improvements.

5. Manufacturing and assembly: Mechanical components are

manufactured, assembled and assembled to obtain the final product or
mechanical system.

6. Continuous improvement: Design and performance are constantly

improved through analysis, experiment and continuous improvement to
meet the demands of the market and customers.

In general , design in mechanical engineering requires creativity and

engineering thinking to transform an idea into an efficient and functional

mechanical product, and the ability to use various tools and techniques to

achieve set goals.

2.2.1 Rocker – Bogic mechanism

A rocker is a mechanical component typically used in machinery to

convert rotary motion into reciprocating (back-and-forth) motion. It

consists of an arm or lever that pivots around a fixed point, called a

fulcrum. As the arm moves back and forth, it causes other components to

move in a corresponding manner.

Rocker mechanisms are commonly used in various types of engines.

If you're talking about rocker mechanics being used in mineral

exploration robots, this mechanic could be used to move the arms and

handles in the robot. The robot can be designed so that the rocker joint is

fixed in the position of the rotary movement of the robot, and the arms

and handles can be connected to the rocker arm so that it moves linearly

when the rocker arm is moved.

Mineral exploration robots can be used to explore and analyze the

properties of minerals and rocks in remote or hard-to-reach areas, and are

commonly used in mining and geological exploration operations. Mineral

exploration robots are also used to search for precious metals and

gemstones in desert areas or deep seas, where it is difficult for humans to

reach them.
Fig 2.1 Rocker _ Bogic mechanism
2.2.2 Joint Servo Mount

Fig 2.2 joint servo mount 1

Fig 2.3 joint servo mount 2

2.2.3 Rocker Joint

Fig 2.4 Rocker joint 1

Fig 2.5 Rocker joint 2

2.2.4 Bogie Joint

Fig Bogie joint 1

Fig 2.6 Bogie joint 1

2.2.5 Wheel Joint

Fig 2.7 wheel joint

2.2.6 Rover Chassis

Fig 2.8 Rover Chassis