ASSIGNMENT FOR MEDICINE

NEPHRITIC SYNDROME

SYED ALAUDIN
DPT 8TH SEMESTER
 NEPHRITIC SYNDROME

 Acute nephritic syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur with some disorders that
cause swelling and inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney, or glomerulonephritis.

 Acute nephritic syndrome is often caused by an immune response triggered by an

infection or other disease. The inflammation affects the function of the glomerulus

 Nephritic syndrome is also defined :

 Hematuria

 Hypertension

 Oliguria (400 ml /day of urine)

 Uremia

 Azotremia (elevated blood nitrogen)

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Thin glomerular basement membrane with pores that allow
protein and blood into the tubule

SYNDROME:

1. Haematuria/ red cell casts

2. Hypertension (mild)

3. Oliguria

4. Uraemia

5. Proteinuria (<3g/24 hours)

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

 Haematuria (E.g. cola coloured)

 Proteinuria
 Hypertension

 Oliguria

 Flank pain

 General systemic symptoms

 Post-infectious = 2-3 weeks after strep-throat/URTI

WHAT ARE YOUR DIFFERENTIALS:

1) Malignancy (older patients)

2) UTI

3) Trauma

4) What bedside investigation would you like to do?

5) You decide to refer to the renal clinic

SUMMARY:

 Nephrotic syndrome = Massive Proteinuria

 Nephritic syndrome = Haematuria/red cell casts

 May be a mixed presentation

 New oedema? Dipstick that urine!

 Haematuria? Exclude malignancy!