Rainfall is a critical factor that triggers landslides in various regions of the world.

Many studies
have explored the relationship between rainfall and landslides. In a study conducted by Bhandari
and Dhakal (2021), Rainfall l is considered one of the major causes of the landslide in the
Himalaya region. In another study conducted by Wang et al. (2021) conducted a study on
rainfall-induced landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China. The study concluded
that rainfall intensity and duration, as well as antecedent rainfall and soil moisture content, are
crucial factors in landslide initiation in the region.

The methodology for studying rainfall as a parameter in landslides requires a thorough

understanding of the rainfall patterns in the area of interest, as well as the characteristics of the
landslides that are likely to be triggered by rainfall events. Bhandari and Dhakal (2021) used a
multidisciplinary approach to characterize landslides in the Siwalik zone of Nepal Himalaya. In
their study, they considered rainfall as one of the parameters that influence landslides.

To determine the relationship between rainfall and landslides, the authors used the following
methodology:

 Collection of rainfall data: The authors collected daily rainfall data from the Department
of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal for a period of 10 years (2009-2019). The
rainfall data was collected from 7 stations located in the study area.
 Calculation of rainfall intensity and duration: The authors calculated the rainfall intensity
and duration for each rainfall event using the formula proposed by Kothyari et al. (2009).
The formula calculates the intensity of rainfall in millimeters per hour and the duration of
rainfall in hours.
 Classification of landslides: The authors classified the landslides based on their type, size,
and location. Landslides were classified into rockfalls, debris flows, and shallow
landslides.
 Analysis of landslide data: The authors analyzed the landslide data to determine the
relationship between rainfall and landslides. They used statistical methods such as
correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and frequency analysis.
 Development of landslide susceptibility maps: The authors developed landslide
susceptibility maps using the rainfall data and landslide data. The maps were developed
 using a GIS-based approach and were used to identify areas that are susceptible to
landslides during periods of high rainfall.
 Validation of landslide susceptibility maps: The authors validated the landslide
susceptibility maps using field observations and historical landslide data. The validation
process helped to determine the accuracy of the maps and identify areas where
improvements could be made.

The methodology used by Bhandari and Dhakal (2021) provides a comprehensive

approach to understanding the relationship between rainfall and landslides. The data on the
above parameters should be collected and analyzed using appropriate techniques such as remote
sensing, GIS, and field surveys. The use of multiple data sources and statistical methods helps to
ensure the accuracy of the findings and the development of landslide susceptibility maps can be
useful for risk assessment and disaster management.
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