RUELAS-GÓMEZ, Roberto.

CORTOCIRCUITO Y APLICACIONES A-3

Primary Substation % Impedance

If specific information is not available use the following as a guide
For transformers 501 to 10000kVA 3 phase and 501 to 5000kVA 1 phase
From American Standards Association Standard C57.12.10-1958
(Included in NEMA Transformer Standard TR-1-1962)
Transformer Low
Transformer High Voltage, V Voltage
2400V and above 480V*
2400 to 22900 5.50% 5.75%
26400 to 34400 6% 6.25%
43800 6.50% 6.75%
67000 7%
* - generally pertains to all voltages 600V and below

Secondary Substation Impedance Data:

High Voltage 15kV Max, Low Voltage 600V Max
If specific information is not available use the following as a guide
Suggested X/R
NEMA Std., % General Range Suggested %
KVA, 3phase Ratio for S.C.
Imp. of Mfgrs. % Imp. Imp.
Calcs
112.5 2 Min. 2.3 - 5.2 5 3 Min
150 2 Min. 2.7 - 5.1 5 3.5 Min
225 2 Min. 4.4 - 5.0 5.5 4.5 Min
300 4.5 Min. 4.5 - 6.0 6 4.5 Min
400 Not Listed 4.5 - 6.0 6 4.5 Min
500 4.5 Min. 4.5 - 6.0 6 5 Min
750 5.75 5.75 7 5.75
1000 5.75 5.75 8 5.75
1500 5.75 5.75 9 5.75
2000 5.75 5.75 12 5.75
2500 5.75 5.75 12 5.75

Note: NEMA industry standards allow a maximum manufacturing tolerance of +/- 7.5% of the specified
transformer impedance value. However, any tolerance is usually ignored in short circuit calculations on the
assumption that plus tolerance offers an extra margin of safety and minus tolerance is adequately compensated
for by miscellaneous circuit impedances not specifically included in the calculations. But if desired,
multiplying the specified impedance, reactance and resistance values by 0.925 will compensate for even the
most adverse tolerance conditions.