 Correction is the branch of the administration of Justice, charged with the custody,

supervision and rehabilitation of convicted offender

 Correction as a process- reorientation of criminals. Not punitive but reformative
 Penology - study punishment for crime or criminal offenders. “Poena” pain or sufferings.
 Penal Management - The practice or manner of managing jail or prisons.
 Correctional administration – the study and practice of a systematic management of
jails or prisons and other institution concerned with the custody, treatment and
rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
 Deterrence - serves as a warning to others that crime does not pay and violating the law
has a consequence.
 General Deterrence- convincing others (potential criminals).
 Specific Deterrence- convincing the offender.
 Incapacitation- Keeping them behind bars
 Retribution- personal vengeance, it should be that the offenders action deserves.
 Restitution- to restore or pay back the losses of the victim
 Recognizance- A bond which the person undertakes before the court.
 Atonement or Expiation- group vengeance
 Protection- form of social defense
 Reformation- change of behavior for helping them to reintegrate back in the community.
 Sodium Thiopental – a sleep inducing barbiturate commonly used in surgery to put the
patient asleep;
 Pancuronium Bromide – a drug capable of paralyzing the muscles;
 Potassium Chloride – capable of stopping heartbeat within seconds, this is commonly
used in Heart-by-pass operations.
 Gaols (jails) - pretrial facilities headed by a sheriff
 Galleys- long, low, narrow ship rowed by inmates
 Hulks- abandoned warships, aka floating hells
 Gulags- wooden jail found in russia, germany and phil.
 Hammurabi - Oldest code prescribing savage punishment but in fact Sumerian Code is
100 years earlier.
 Justinian Code – 6th century AD, Emperor Justinian of Rome wrote his code of law.
 The Twelve Tables 451-450 BC – represented the earliest codification of Roman law
incorporated into the Justinian code.
 Greek Code of Draco - a harsh code that provides the same punishment for both
citizens and the slaves as it incorporates primitive concepts.
 Burgundian Code (500 AD) - specified punishment according to the social class of
offenders.
 Banishment - sending prisoner to another colony for purpose of exile.
 Benefit of Clergy - Church people are exempted from governmental punishment but are
prosecuted in accordance with the laws of the church.
 Auburn System - confined in their own cells during the night and congregate work in
shops during the day.
 Pennsylvania System - confined in single cells during the night where they lived, they
slept, and they ate and receive religious instructions.
 John Howard - Greatest Prison Reformer
 Alexander Maconochie - “Father of Parole”, Director of Norfolk Island in Australia, Mark
System
 Evelyn Ruggles Brise - opened the Borstal Institution for Delinquent boys.
 Zebulon Brockway - Director of Elmira reformatory and Father of parole in USA
 Elmira Reformatory “The Hill” - Forerunner of modern penology
 John Anglin, Clarence Anglin and Frank Morris – escapees of Alcatraz
 William Penn - First to prescribe imprisonment, abolition of death penalty and torture.
 Jeremy Bentham- Panopticon prison
 Walter Crofton- Director of Irish prison in Ireland and proponent of Irish System.

 New York House of Refuge -1st penal institution in USA for youthful offender

 Walnut Street Jail - 1st American Penitentiary.

 Bridewell Workhouse (1557) in London which was built for the employment and
housing of English prisoners.

 Hospicio De San Michelle – 1st home for delinquent boys ever established. Built by
Pope Clement XI in Rome for housing incorrigible youth under 20 years of age.
 Mittimus is a warrant issued by the court directing the jail or prison authorities to receive
inmate for service of sentence impose therein.
 Monotony- is this early form of prison discipline that involved giving the same food that
is off diet, or requiring the prisoners to perform dowdy or boring daily routine
 Commitment Order - purpose of safekeeping during the pendency of his/her case.
 Carpeta is the institutional record of the inmate consisting of commitment order,
prosecutor information and decision of the court
 Conjugal Visitation – refers to the visit by the wife for a short period, usually an hour,
more or less, to her incarcerated husband during which they are allowed privacy and are
generally understood to have sexual contact.
 Contraband - any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules
that would pose as security hazards or endanger the lives of inmates.
 Admission- undertaken after all the tests, interviews and examination has been
conducted to plan for the inmate program for treatment and training.
 Records Unit- This unit examines the completeness & authenticity of the requirements
for Commitment (Commitment Order, Booking Sheet, Arrest Report & Information)
before it refers the inmate for physical examination by the Health Unit.
 Education- considered as the cornerstone of rehabilitation
 Pillory – a device made of wooden or metal framework erected on a post with holes for
securing the heads and hand.
 Proselytizing - forcing of inmate to change his religion.
 Safekeeping - temporary custody of a person for his own protection, safety or care.
 Social Degradation – putting the offender into shame or humiliation.
 Instrument of Restraint- a device, contrivance, tool, or instrument used to hold back,
keep in, check, or control an inmate; e.g. hand cuffs, leg irons.
 Prisonization- process by which an inmate learns through socialization; the rules and
regulation of the penitentiary culture.
 Blue-Flu - the practice of uniformed personnel of taking sick leave EN MASSE to back-
up their demands for improved working conditions, salary increments, and other items
on their agenda.
 Convict Bogey- society exaggerated fear of the convict and ex-convict which is usually
far out of proportion to the real danger they present.
 Furlough (Leave From Jail)- authorization that permits inmate to leave containment, for
emergency family crises, usually accompanied by correctional officer. Crises include
“death bed”.
 Jails- A correctional institution that has the authority to detain persons awaiting trial or
adjudication or confine convicted offenders for a short period of time.
 Prison- A correctional institution that has the authority to detain convicted offenders for
longer or extended period of time, including those who are waiting their death sentence
  Jail Aide - Inmate who requires less supervision than other inmates.
 Infirmed Inmates - Inmates who are physically or mentally weak for a prolonged period
of time specifically caused by age or illness.
 Jailbreak is the escape of more than 2 inmate.
 Jail escape - it is an act of leaving from jail of an inmate through unofficial and illegal
ways or without any legal order from the authorities.
 Jail Incident - Any untoward or uncommon actions, events, or conditions such as jail
break, riot, noise barrage, stabbing or assault upon personnel that occurs in jail.
 Illegal Contraband - Are those that are unlawful in themselves.
 Nuisance Contraband - may not be classified as illegal under the Philippine laws but
are forbidden by jail rules.
 Greyhound Force - It aims to eliminate in all BJMP manned facilities any form of
contrabands that could have adverse implications on overall administration of the
facilities and to ultimately establish order in all jails, promote operational efficiency and
encourage adherence to prescribed operating policies.
 Strip Search- During the reception of an inmate with his documents before entering the
jail or prison, the committing officer should check the body of the Inmate for any birth
marks or tattoos and other body marks. What category of search should be conducted
by the officer
 RA 6975- Law creating the BJMP
 RA 9263- Law professionalizing the BJMP
 Charles Mondejar- First Chief of the BJMP

BJMP Appointing Authority PNP Appointing Authority

BJMP Regional PNP Regional
JOI to SJO IV Pat to PEMS
Director Director
Jail Inspector to Jail Police Lieutenant to Police Lt.
Chief BJMP Chief PNP
Superintendent Col
Jail Senior Police Colonel to Police Lt.
DILG Sec President
Superintendent General
Jail Chief
Superintendent to Jail President Police General President
Director
 Insular Prisoner - 3 years and one 1 day to reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment
 Provincial Prisoner - 6 months and one 1 day to three 3 years
 City Prisoner - 1 day to three 3 years
 Municipal Prisoner - 1 day to six 6 months
 National Inmates’ Monitoring System (NIMS) - Dynamic stand-alone client application
software is used in Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) Jails nationwide in
automating the inmates’ records.
 PDL (Persons Deprived of Liberty) - a person confined in a correctional facility,
whether undergoing preventive imprisonment or serving sentence by reason of a final
judgment of conviction.
 GCTA (Good Conduct Time Allowances) - a grant accorded to a PDL on Good
Conduct entitling him to deductions from the possible maximum imprisonment or period
of sentence.
 TASTM (Time Allowance for Study Teaching and Mentoring) – pertains to a grant of
time allowance to a PDL, in addition to GCTA, for each month (15 days per month) of
study, teaching or mentoring services.
 CPI (Credit for Preventive Imprisonment) - period of detention credited for the
confinement of a PDL in a correctional facility before final judgment of a court of law.
 Detainees Manifestation - a sworn written declaration of a PDL, with the assistance of
a counsel, to abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon a PDL convicted by
final judgment, which may allow the PDL to avail the full credit of the period of preventive
imprisonment in accordance with.
 MSEC (Management, Screening and Evaluation Committee) - shall assess, evaluate,
and recommend through a Resolution to the Director General of the BuCor, the Chief of
the BJMP and Wardens the recognition of CPI and the grant of GCTA, TASTM or STAL
to a qualified PDL.
 STAL (Special Time Allowance for Loyalty) A deduction of 1/5 shall be imposed for
the prisoner who having evaded sentence or his preventive imprisonment, who shall give
himself to the authorities with 48 hours after the passing away of the calamity. However,
a deduction of 2/5 shall be granted for the prisoner who choose to stay notwithstanding
of the calamity.
 Maximum Security Prisoners- It consists of constant troublemakers but not as
dangerous as the super maximum-security prisoners.
 Medium Security Prisoners - Those who cannot be trusted in open conditions and
pose lesser danger than maximum-security prisoners in case they escape.
 Minimum Security Prisoners- It is a group of prisoners who can be reasonably trusted
to serve sentence under “open conditions”.
 Super Maximum Security Prisoners- A special group of prisoners composed of
incorrigible, intractable, and highly dangerous persons who are the source of constant
disturbances. Under United Nation standard and not practiced here in the Philippines
 Colonist Status- Inmates are given entitlements as to privileges, in addition to those
granted within their classification limitations. This is considered as achieving “colonist
status”.
 High Profile Inmate - those who require increased security based on intense media
coverage or public concern as a result of their offense.
 High Risk Inmate - considered highly dangerous and who require a greater degree of
security, control and supervision.
 High Value Target (HVT) - a target, either a resource or a person, who may either be an
enemy combatant, high ranking official or a civilian in danger of capture or death.
 Security Threat Group - any formal or informal ongoing inmates’ group, gang,
organization or association consisting of three or more members falling into one of the
following basic categories.
 Subversive Group – group of persons that adopt or advocates subversive principles or
policies tending to overthrow or undermine an established government.
 Violent Extremist Offender (VEO) - a person whose political or religious ideologies are
considered far outside the mainstream attitudes of the society.
 Gater - checks the credentials of the person bringing the inmate/ the committing officer
to determine his/her identity and authority.
 Records Unit- This unit examines the completeness and authenticity of the
requirements for Commitment.
 Assistant Warden or Officer of the Day - Orients the newly committed inmates on jail
rules and regulations using the Inmate’s Orientation Sheet.
 Classification- This is a process of determining the needs and requirements of
prisoners for assigning them to programs according to them existing resources is called
 Classification Board is tasked to conduct background investigation of inmates to
determine the cell assignment, the appropriate rehabilitative program, the type of
supervision and degree of custody and restrictions applicable to the inmate/s.
 Assistant Warden- Chairperson of Classification Board and Disciplinary Board.
 Disciplinary Board is tasked to investigate the facts of an alleged misconduct referred
to it. It shall hold sessions as often as necessary in a room, which may be provided for
the purpose.
 All cases referred to it shall be heard and decided (48) hours from the date of receipt of
the case.
 District Jail - Facility for inmates coming from a city or clustered municipalities who are
waiting or undergoing trial or serving sentence of one (1) day to three (3) years.
 Reception and Diagnostic Center- This is a special unit in prison where a new prisoner
will undergo diagnostic examination, study and
 Special Tactics And Response (STAR) Team - trained to perform high-risk operations
that falls outside the operational abilities of the regular BJMP personnel.
 Quick Response Team (QRT) - respond immediately and efficiently and to contain,
control, and solve in the shortest possible time any form of jail incidents/disturbance.
 Old Bilibid Prison was constructed as the main penitentiary on Oroquieta Street,
Manila.
 William Francis Kemmler - Murderer and the first person in the world to be legally
executed using an electric chair.
 Prison Education – Cornerstone of Prison Rehabilitation Program

 San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm - Established to confine Muslim rebels and
recalcitrant political prisoners opposed to the Spanish rule. (Principal Product is Kopra)
 Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm - “Prison without Walls”, (First Superintendent Lt.
George Wolfe) – divide into four sub colonies – Sta Lucia, Inagawan, Montible, Central.
 Tagumpay Settlement – Prison homestead in Iwahig.
 Tanglaw Settlement- Prison homestead in Davao.
 Correctional Institution for Women – found in Mandaluyong City. Then on September
18, 2007, it opened a branch in Mindanao – the Correctional Institution for Women in
Mindanao (CIWM), a satellite prison under the supervision and direction of the Davao
Prison and Penal Farm administration.
 Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm - Established on September 26, 1954 by virtue of
Presidential Proclamation No. 72, the penal colony has a total land area of
approximately 16,190 hectares.
 Davao Prison and Penal Farm – 1st penal settlement founded and organized under
Filipino administration. Opened by Gen. Paulino Santos.
 Leyte Regional Prison - Youngest penal colony.
 Provincial Jail System - established their own provincial jail under provincial
government.
 Quarantine Unit is a section of RDC where the prisoner is given thorough physical
examination including blood test, x rays, vaccination and immunity. (5 days)
 Infirmary – refers to a medical facility established inside the prison compound for
treatment of sick or injured inmates.
 Recreation/Multipurpose Hall – a combined facility where cultural and sports activities
are conducted on a regular basis.
 Workshop Facility – a facility where livelihood workshops are conducted.
 Dormitory - facility exclusively used as confinement (Maximum number of inmates per
cell = 10)
 30 sq. m. - The recommended lot area per inmate
 5 units two level- Maximum number of bunks beds

CLASSIFICATION OF DORMITORY

 Type A Dormitory – above 500 inmate capacity and lot area of more than 1.5 hectares
 Type B Dormitory – 101 to 500 inmate capacity and lot area of 1.5 hectares
 Type C Dormitory – 1 to 100 inmate capacity and lot area of 3,000 sq. m. The
recommended lot area per inmate is 30 sq. m.

RIOT OR DISTURBANCE GROUP IN PRISON

 1st Group - Initial wave group, armed with wicked shields, protective gears, night sticks,
gas mask or baton.
 2nd Group- Equipped with tear gas and has grenades.
 3rd Group- Trained to use firearms.

BUCOR KEY POSITION

 Sub-Colony Supervisor should have the rank of Senior Inspector

 Colony Assistant Superintendent should have the rank of Chief Inspector
 Colony Superintendent should have the rank of Superintendent
 Regional Superintendent should have the rank of Senior Superintendent

APPOINTMENT OF PERSONNEL TO THE BUCOR

 Corrections Officer I to Corrections Chief Superintendent – Appointed by the

Director General of Corrections, and attested by the Civil Service Commission (CSC).
 Director General of Corrections and Deputy Director of Corrections – Appointed by
the President upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the DOJ, with the proper
endorsement by the Chairman of the CSC.

 Moral and Spiritual Program- This refers to the moral and spiritual values-formation of
inmates which include the practice of one’s religion and beliefs.
 Work and Livelihood Program - This refers to the administration of skills development
programs on work and livelihood to achieve self-sufficiency of inmates in the prison
community and for income generation of the agency.
 60 y/o and above – exempt from hard labor
 8 hours – minimum work time in prison
 Pregnant inmate – baby can stay until one year after delivery.
 Distance of Guard from inmate – guard shall keep a distance of 10 paces from his
charge.
 Death Watch – 4 guards shall keep a close watch over a death convict confined in the
holding cell.
 Telephone calls is allowed for period of not exceeding 5 minutes every 90 days.
 1:24 – reformation personnel to inmate ratio
 1:7 standard inmate custodial personnel to inmate ratio
 Education and Training personnel-to-inmate ratio is 1:120
 UNSMRTP stands for United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Treatment of
Prisoners.
 Probation - disposition under which a defendant after conviction and sentence, is
release subject to condition imposed by the court and to the supervision of a probation
officer.
 Probation comes from p the latin word probare which means “to test”
 Absconding probationer – probation is granted but failed to report for supervision
within the period order by the court of his location is unknown.
 Absconding petitioner – application has given due course by the court but fails to
report to the probation officer of his location cannot be located.

 Edward N. Savage – First Probation Officer in the world. (USA)

 England – Country considered as the Origin of Probation.

 Massachusetts, USA is where the 1st probation law was enacted.

 Mathew Davenport Hill – Father of Probation in England.
 Teodulo Natividad – Father of Philippine Probation.
 Probation was first introduced in the Philippines during the American colonial period (Act
No. 4221)
 P.P. vs. Vera – Declared that the first probation law of 1935 become unconstitutional
after 2 years.
 In 1972, House Bill No. 393 was filed in Congress, which would establish a probation
system in the Philippines.
 On July 24, 1976, P.D. 968, “Adult Probation Law of 1976”, was signed into Law by the
President of the Philippines.
 Supervision – the continuing relationship between the probationer and the probation
officer.
 Probation is a mere privilege. It suspends the execution of sentence

 Post Sentence Investigation - Used to find out the petitioner’s legal qualifications and
his suitability for probation.
 Courtesy Investigation- This is an investigation conducted by probation officer not
within the jurisdiction of the court.
 The application for probation should be made within the period for perfecting an appeal,
or within fifteen (15) days from promulgation of notice of judgment
 The filing of application (for probation) shall be deemed a waiver of the right to appeal.
 Not later than sixty (60) days, submission of the investigation report to the court.
 Not later than fifteen (15) days, the court will decide the petition for probation.
 The Judge bases the grant of probation on the report of Probation Officer.
 Probation order shall take effect upon its issuance.
 Probationer must present himself to the probation officer within 72 hours from receipt.
 Volunteer Probation Assistants (VPAs), assist the Chief Probation and Parole Officers
in the supervised treatment program of the probationers.
 VPA under Republic Act 10707 shall hold office for a two (2)-year term which may be
renewed or recalled anytime for a just cause.
 RA 10707- The law amending the provisions of PD 968. The latest law on Probation.
 Amnesty is a blanket pardon granted to a group of prisoners, generally political
prisoners
 Reprieve- refers to the postponement of the execution of a death sentence
 Board Of Pardons And Parole grants parole and recommend to the President the grant
of any form of executive clemency to deserving prisoners or individuals
 Investigating Probation Officer or the Chief Probation Officer- shall assess and
recommend the appropriate treatment and supervision program upon the applicant if
granted probation?
 Prosecuting Officer- shall represent the State if there is a serious violation of probation
condition (s) during a hearing or proceeding?

UNDER RA 10707, THE FOLLOWING ARE DISQUALIFIED

 Sentenced to serve a maximum term of imprisonment of more than six (6) years;
 Convicted of any crime against the national security;
 Who have previously been convicted by final judgment of an offense punished by
imprisonment of more than six (6) months and one (1) day and/or a fine of more than
one thousand pesos (P1,000.00);
 Who have been once on probation under the provisions of this Decree; and

PERIOD OF PROBATION

 Imprisonment is below 1 year- Probation period shall not exceed 2 years.

 If exceed 1 year- Probation period shall not exceed 6 years.
 If fine only & offender made to serve subsidiary imprisonment - Not be less than nor
be more than twice the number of days of subsidiary imprisonment.

 Parole - from the French “Parole D Honeur” meaning “word with honor ” Conditional
release after the prisoner’s conviction is final and executory and already serve the
minimum of the sentence imposed.
 Indeterminate Sentence- A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in
prison.
  Act No. 4103- Indeterminate Sentence Law
 Grace Theory - Probation and parole were defined as privileges.
 Contract Theory - Probation and parole were viewed as terms in a contract, which the
prisoner was theoretically free to accept or reject.
 Custody Theory - Probationer and parolee were constantly under the custody of the
parole board or court, even while at liberty in the community.
 Release Document – conditional pardon/Absolute Pardon issued by the President of
the Philippines to prisoner or to the “Discharge on Parole” issued by the Board.
 Summary Report – final report submitted by the Probation and Parole Officer on his
supervision of a parolee/pardonee as basis for the latter’s final release and discharge.
 Progress Report – report submitted by the Probation and Parole officer on the conduct
of parolee/pardonee while under supervision.
 Infraction Report – report submitted by the probation and parole officer on violations
committed by a parolee/pardonee of the condition of his release on parole or conditional
pardon while under supervision.
 Arrest of Parolee – upon receipt of an infraction report, the Board may order the arrest
or recommitment of parole.
 Effect of Recommitment – serve the remaining portion of the maximum sentence
 Conditional Pardon - Exemption of an individual, within certain limits or conditions
resulting in the partial extinction of his criminal liability.
 Absolute Pardon - Total extinction of the criminal liability of the individual to whom it is
granted without any condition.
 Commutation of Sentence - Reduction of duration of sentence
 Court - Grants probation as a privilege
 BPP- Grants parole and recommends to the President executive clemencies
 Parole and Probation Administration- Supervises Parolees, Probation, Pardonees

GCTA RPC RA 10592

Granting Director of Dir. Of BUCOR, Chief BJMP, Warden of Provincial, District,
Authority Prison City and Municipal Jail
1 year-2 years 5 days 20days
3-5 years 8 days 23days
6-10 years 10days 25days
11 years above 15days 30days

 Human Rights- Those rights, which are inherent in our nature and without which, we
cannot live as human being.
 The Nelson Mandela Rules- The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the
Treatment of Prisoners .
 Under Rule 7 of UNSMRTP, no person shall be received in a prison without a valid
commitment order.
 Every prisoner shall be provided by the prison administration at the usual hours with
food of nutritional value adequate for health and strength, of wholesome quality and
well prepared and served.
 Every prisoner who is not employed in outdoor work shall have at least one hour of
suitable exercise in the open air daily if the weather permits.
 Retributive Justice – The law and the way it is used that is more often stressed on
punishment of a wrong doer as payment for his misdeed to others and to the state.
 Restitutive Justice – The law and the way it is used that is more paying attention to
restore the lost on the part of the offended party and it is done through pecuniary basis.
 Restorative Justice – The law and the way it is used that is more focused on restoring
the ruin relationship between the aberrant and the victim and/or the society in general,
as is to bring back into existence or use, or to put back into a previous condition or
position the affiliation.
 Peacemaking Encounter- is a community-based gathering that brings the victim, the
victimized community, and the offender together.
 Victim/Offender Mediation- provides victim of opportunity to meet face-to-face his/her
offender in a secured and structured setting or atmosphere, with the help of a trained
mediator.
 Conferencing- meeting between offender/s, victim/s and/or both parties’ family and
friends, in which they address consequences as restitution and other outcomes.
 Circle of support-provides an opportunity for victims, offenders and community to
discuss the crime, and its aftermath. participated by (VPAs)
 Therapeutic Community (TC) is an environment that helps people get help while
helping others.
 The primary "therapist" and teacher is the community itself.
 TCMP - The Therapeutic Community Modality Program- Recognized as the backbone
program of the BJMP for inmate development and is being implemented in majority of
the jails nationwide.
 Therapeutic Modality- This is a special program that employs a participative, group
based treatment approach to the personality disorders and complex emotional and
interpersonal problems.
 Phase I- Orientation Phase. Once an inmate is committed to jail, he undergoes a
series of examination to determine his physical, social and psychological status.
 Phase II- Primary Treatment , the resident is now ready to undergo the treatment
proper.
 He becomes a part of the community starting as a crew member of the Housekeeping
department until he gradually ascends in the hierarchy.
 Phase III- Pre Re-entry, the resident is expected at this stage to have internalized the
TC values and concept to start life afresh.
 Phase IV- Re-entry, the inmate is now preparing for his life outside of jail and is focused
on making himself a productive citizen.
 Phase V- Aftercare- is an outpatient program that requires clients to report twice a
week to an outreach center.
 Morning Meeting is a daily ritual that starts the day in a TC facility.
 1 hour- Duration of Morning Meeting
 Pre Morning Meeting- Duration is 15 minutes.
 Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) is employed to strengthen the learning process and the
practice of more adaptive behaviors within the social learning environment.
 Talk To' is an outright correction done by any member of the TC community to another
member. The resident is made aware of his/her negative behavior and the results it may
have on others and the environment.
 Pull-up is encourages honesty, demeanor awareness and owning up to one's mistakes.
 After one member did the pull-up, other residents who want to show concern can make
elaborations to give emphasis to the infractions and concretize the admonitions.
 Dealt With is done when negative behaviors or infractions are done for the second time
of same offense by a resident.
 Haircut is done when negative behaviors or infractions in same offense are done for the
third time or more or for first time grave offenses.
 Learning Experience (LE) is an action or activity given to a resident who was subjected
to Haircut or General Meeting who did an infraction to correct or modify a behavior.
 LE may be task —oriented, written task or peer interactions.
 Bans are sanctions to members who commit repeatedly infractions or violation to the
Cardinal Rules.
 General Meeting- A repeated breach to the Cardinal Rules necessitates a General
Meeting.
 Expulsion - In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and becomes a threat to
the community, the Director with the recommendation of the Disciplinary Board may
transfer him/her to the nearest jail facility with an appropriate Court Order.
 Counseling is defined as a professional activity of helping individuals, groups or
communities enhance or restore their capacity for psychological, emotional and social
functioning and creating an environment favorable for the attainment of these goals.
 Empathy is the ability to perceive the client's feelings and to demonstrate accurate
perception of the client.
 Warmth is also called "unconditional positive regard.
 Respect is our belief in the client's ability to make appropriate decisions and deal
appropriately with his or her life situation, when given a safe and supportive environment
in which to do so.
 Congruence or genuineness is being honest and authentic in dealing with the client.
 Confidentiality means that anything discussed during counseling sessions is held
absolutely private and not to be discussed anywhere.
 Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders that meet regularly while the
residents are in treatment.
 Peer Confrontation Group - Participants confront each other on what they do for
themselves while in the facility and ask how they are coping with it.
 Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the opportunity to unload
emotional baggage and thus experience freedom from internal psychological conflicts.
 Encounter Group serve as “safety valve” within the community which is usually high
pressured and structured.
 Extended Groups are usually composed of 5-12 residents and is being facilitated by 2
highly trained staff members.
 Work Assignments- It is called "job functions" are arranged in a hierarchy, according to
seniority, individual progress and productivity.
 Written and Unwritten Philosophy- are two kinds of TC concepts.
 To Be Aware Is To Be Alive- Residents learn to be conscious of what is going on in the
environment. In TC, minor attitudes are engrossed to prevent major attitudinal problems
to arise.
 Coordinator- He/She deals with the attitudes of the residents and acts as a member of
the panel during the haircut and addresses the resident in general meeting.
 Solitary Confinement- Confinement of prisoner for 22 hours or more a day without
human contact