“A STUDY ON PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS AI CAMERA IN

TRANSPORTATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PALAKKAD

DISTRICT”

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the University of Calicut in partial fulfilment of requirement
for the award of degree in
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (FINANCE)

SUBMITTED BY
AKSHAYA R
Register number
ZNAVBCM002
Under the guidance of
Mrs. SARASWATHY R
(Assistant Professor, Department of commerce)

GOVERNMENT ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, THOLANUR

MARCH 2024
 GOVERNMENT ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE,
THOLANUR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “A STUDY ON

PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS AI CAMERA IN
TRANSPORTATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PALAKKAD
DISTRICT” is an authentic record of the work carried out by AKSHAYA R
in the DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, GOVERNMENT ARTS AND
SCIENCE COLLEGE, THOLANUR under my supervision and guidance.

Date: Mrs. SARASWATHY R

Place: Asst. Professor of commerce,
Govt. Arts and science college Tholanur
Signature of the guide

Mrs. BINDU G
HOD-Department of commerce
Govt. Arts and Science College, Tholanur
Signature of the HOD

External Examiner
 DECLARATION

I, AKSHAYA R, VIth semester B.com student

Of GOVERNMENT ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE,

THOLANUR, hereby declare that the project report entitled “A

STUDYON PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS AI CAMERA IN
TRANSPORTATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
PALAKKAD DISTRICT” Submitted to the University of Calicut in
the partial Fulfilment of the requirements for the award of DEGREE
IN BACHELOR OF COMMERCE, under the guidance of Mrs.
SARASWATHY R, Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce,
GOVERNMENT ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, THOLANUR
during the period of 2021-2024. No part of this work has been
submitted earlier to any institute or university for the awards of any
degree or diploma.

Place: Tholanur AKSHAYA R

Date: ZNAVBCM002
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly happy to bring out this project report entitled as “A

STUDY ON PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS AI CAMERA IN
TRANSPORTATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PALAKKAD”. I
am thankful to the almighty, without his grace this project could not have been
done successfully.
My sincere thanks to Prof. (Dr) MAYA C NAIR Principal, Govt.
Arts and Science College, Tholanur, for providing me an opportunity for doing
this work.
My sincere thanks to Mrs. BINDU.G, Head of the Department of
Commerce for providing me this excellent opportunity to carry out the research
work.
My sincere thanks to Mrs. SARASWATHY R, Asst. Professor,
Department of Commerce, for providing me this excellent opportunity to carry
out the research work and my deep sense of gratitude for his expertise and
valuable guidance in the completion of this report successfully.
I also express my sincere gratitude to all other teachers of commerce
department. I am very grateful to all my friends and classmates for their support
throughout the period of my work.

Place: Tholanur AKSHAYA R

Date: ZNAVBCM002
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1-5
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6-10
3 THEORETICAL 11-15
FRAMEWORK
4 DATA ANALYSIS AND 16-35
INTERPRETATION
5 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS 36-39
AND CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY 40
APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE 41-46
 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE NO.
4.1 Table showing age of the respondents 16
4.2 Table showing gender of the respondents 17
4.3 Table showing occupation of the respondents 18
4.4 Table showing monthly income of the 19
respondents
4.5 Table showing location of the respondents 20
4.6 Table showing the benefits of AI camera in 34
transportation
4.7 Table showing whether respondents are aware 21
of penalties
4.8 Table showing whether respondents violated 22
any rule
4.9 Table showing the rules violated by respondents 23
4.10 Table showing the impact on safety and security 24
4.11 Table showing that strict guidelines should be 25
followed to prevent biases and fair use of AI
camera
4.12 Table showing the user experience with the AI 26
camera system
4.13 Table showing the level of support on 27
installation of AI camera
4.14 Table showing the level of satisfaction towards 28
the use of AI camera
4.15 Table showing whether respondents believe that 29
AI camera reduces traffic congestion
4.16 Table showing the regularity of auditing the AI 30
camera system
4.17 Table showing the level of agreement towards 31
problems of AI camera
4.18 Table showing the level of opinion about the 33
future of AI camera
 LIST OF GRAPHS

GRAPH TITLE PAGE

NO.
4.1 Graph showing age of the respondents 16
4.2 Graph showing gender of the respondents 17
4.3 Graph showing occupation of the respondents 18
4.4 Graph showing monthly income of the 19
respondents
4.5 Graph showing location of the respondents 20
4.6 Graph showing the benefits of AI camera in 35
transportation
4.7 Graph showing whether respondents are aware 21
of penalties
4.8 Graph showing whether respondents violated 22
any rule
4.9 Graph showing the rules violated by 23
respondents
4.10 Graph showing the impact on safety and 24
security
4.11 Graph showing that strict guidelines should be 25
followed to prevent biases and fair use of AI
camera
4.12 Graph showing the user experience with the AI 26
camera system
4.13 Graph showing the level of support on 27
installation of AI camera
4.14 Graph showing the level of satisfaction 28
towards the use of AI camera
4.15 Graph showing whether respondents believe 29
that AI camera reduces traffic congestion
4.16 Graph showing the regularity of auditing the 30
AI camera system
4.17 Graph showing the level of agreement towards 32
problems of AI camera
4.18 Graph showing the level of opinion about the 33
future of AI camera
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Introducing AI cameras in transportation revolutionizes surveillance and safety.
By seamlessly integrating artificial intelligence, these cameras enhance traffic
management and improve overall security, ushering in a new era of efficiency
and reliability in transportation systems. Artificial intelligence is the term for
computer programs that use machine learning. AI is a sort of computer vision.

In terms of what an AI camera is, it is a type of computational photography. It

consists of the real-time processing of data to make decisions. Its systems are
complex algorithms where the machine learns from its previous mistakes. Simply
put, artificial intelligence attempts to simulate the process of human intelligence.
It includes how we make connections and find patterns in our specific tasks.

Artificial intelligence for video surveillance utilizes computer software programs

that analyse the audio and images from video surveillance cameras in order to
recognize humans, vehicles, objects, attributes, and events. Security contractors
program the software to define restricted areas within the camera's view (such as
a fenced off area, a parking lot but not the sidewalk or public street outside the
lot) and program for times of day (such as after the close of business) for the
property being protected by the camera surveillance.

We must appreciate the government and its Motor Vehicle department for
introducing the same.

1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The AI camera in transportation enhances safety and efficiency by leveraging
machine learning algorithms to analyse traffic patterns, detect anomalies, and
facilitate smart traffic management. This technology can optimize traffic flow,
monitor road conditions, and contribute to a more secure and streamlined
transportation system. This study would stand as a sincere attempt to evaluate a
customer’s attitude towards AI camera. Special reference is taken from peoples
of Palakkad district.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

➢ To know the benefits of AI camera in transportation.

➢ To study the major factors influencing people’s attitude towards AI camera
in transportation.
➢ To analyze the problems caused due to AI cameras in transportation.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Day by day accidents and violation of traffic rules are happening and are
increasing, so after installation of these AI cameras the people may become
vigilante, will follow the traffic rules and also, they will drive with care in order
to avoid the fines that the MVD may charge if they violate the rules, this will
happen when the AI camera captures it. Another thing is that the no. of vehicles
is increasing every day, but the length of the road is not so, to some extent we can
control by using this device that is by using AI cameras.

2
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

AI cameras manage traffic, ensure pedestrian safety, and monitor public spaces
efficiently. Their predictive capabilities also enable proactive maintenance,
reducing downtime and costs. This study brings out the awareness and attitude
among people towards AI cameras. This would help to gain better knowledge
about AI cameras in transportation.

1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research methodology is a systematic way to solve a research problem. It

may be understood as a science of studying how research is done. The study is
based on primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through a
questionnaire. The secondary data is collected from books, journals, internet etc.

1.6.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design of the study is descriptive in nature. Research design is the
framework about the method and technique to be used. Research design is a plan
that specifies the source and type of information relevant to the research problem.
In this study descriptive technique is used.

1.6.2 SOURCES OF DATA

Primary data: Primary data is first-hand data collected by the researcher
directly. For the descriptive type of research, the best research approach for
collecting primary data is the survey technique using the questionnaire method.
Sample data is collected, and the different magnitudes are measured concerning
the whole population. In this study we are using questionnaires.

3
Secondary data: Secondary data is the data which is already available in public
records. This is the data by past researchers. Secondary data are those which have
been collected by some other person for his purpose and published. Secondary
data is collected from several sources like websites, research reports, and books.

1.6.3 TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS

Data collected from respondents was analysed through percentage analysis. The
interpretation of data was done with the help of tables and diagrams.

1. Simple percentage analysis

2. Tables, graphs and diagrams

3. Weighted ranking method

1.6.4 SAMPLE DESIGN

A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population.
It refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting
items for the sample. The study is mainly based on convenience sampling
method.

1.6.5 SAMPLE SIZE

A sample size is a part of element of the sample population. The no. of
participants that are observed in this study is 50.

1.6.6 AREA OF THE STUDY

The area of the study is Palakkad district.

1.6.7 PERIOD OF THE STUDY

Time taken to complete this study is 21 days.

4
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1. The study has been conducted only on 50 respondents.

2. Since this initiative has just started, there will be fewer people who have
received penalties, which will make it more difficult for us to get information
about those individuals.

3. Some AI cameras had also made fines by sharing false details about the vehicle
no. and the names of those registered vehicles. It also has some limitations.

4. The analysis was based on the information given by the respondents.

1.8 CHAPTER SCHEME

• Chapter I: Introduction - The first chapter gives a general introduction
about the study, significance of the study, scope of the study, statement of
problem, objectives of the study and limitations of the study.
• Chapter II: Review of literature - The second chapter presents the review
of articles that are already in existence on the conceptual area of the study.
This chapter also deals with various empirical studies of different authors.
• Chapter III: Theoretical framework - The third chapter briefly explains the
theoretical framework of the study, focusing on the people’s attitude
towards AI camera at Palakkad.
• Chapter IV: Data analysis - The fourth chapter provides the analysis of the
study. The data have been collected from the respondents and various
statistical tools were applied and the results are presented in the form of
tables and chart.
• Chapter V: Findings, suggestion and conclusion - The fifth chapter spells
out the findings, suggestions and conclusion of the study.

5
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Kim J's (2021) study titled ‘AI – based surveillance for pedestrian safety in urban
transportation’ published in "Transportation Research Records," focuses on the
application of AI-based surveillance for pedestrian safety within urban
transportation systems. The literature review likely begins by examining the
historical context of pedestrian safety measures, discussing traditional
surveillance methods, and the gaps that AI technologies aim to fill.

Garcia M's (2021) study titled ‘Deep learning for vehicle recognition in
transportation’ published in the "Transportation Research" journal, focus likely
on employing deep learning techniques for vehicle recognition within the
transportation domain. The literature review may commence by examining the
historical landscape of vehicle recognition methods, providing insights into the
evolution of traditional approaches and the gaps that deep learning aims to
address. Garcia M's work might delve into the fundamental principles of deep
learning, elucidating how neural networks and convolutional architectures have
been applied to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of vehicle recognition
systems.

Patel A's (2020) study titled ‘Real time monitoring with AI cameras for public
transportation ‘published in the "Journal of Urban Mobility," focus lies on real-
time monitoring through AI cameras specifically tailored for public transportation
systems. Patel A likely investigates how artificial intelligence technologies,
particularly AI cameras, can play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency and
safety of public transit operations. The literature review might start by examining
the historical evolution of public transportation monitoring methods and the
challenges associated with traditional surveillance systems.

6
Park Y's (2020) study titled ‘Integration of AI cameras with autonomous
vehicles for safe transportation’ published in the "Journal of Intelligent
Transportation Systems," focus centres on the integration of AI cameras with
autonomous vehicles to enhance safety in transportation. The literature review is
likely to commence by exploring the landscape of autonomous vehicle
technology, highlighting advancements and challenges in achieving safe and
efficient autonomous transportation systems. Park Y may delve into the specific
role of AI cameras, elucidating how these technologies contribute to perception,
decision-making, and overall situational awareness for autonomous vehicles.

Hernandez C's (2020) study titled ‘Enhancing Road safety through AI – enabled
Traffic surveillance’ published in "Transportation Research Part F: Traffic
Psychology and Behaviour" focuses on the augmentation of road safety through
AI-enabled traffic surveillance. The literature review may commence by
examining historical approaches to road safety and the evolution of surveillance
methods. Hernandez C's work likely delves into the specific AI technologies
employed for traffic surveillance, emphasizing advancements in real-time
monitoring, anomaly detection, and predictive analytics.

Chen Q's (2019) study titled ‘Applications of AI cameras in traffic management’

published in the "Intelligent Transportation Systems Quarterly," revolves around
the application of AI cameras in traffic management. The literature review likely
begins by exploring the historical context of traffic management and traditional
methods, underscoring the challenges that AI cameras aim to address. Chen Q's
work may delve into the specific AI algorithms employed for real-time traffic
monitoring, congestion prediction, and adaptive signal control, showcasing the
transformative potential of artificial intelligence in optimizing urban
transportation.

7
Gupta R's (2019) study titled ‘AI-powered surveillance for urban mobility’
published in the "Urban Transportation Technology" journal, focuses on the
integration of AI-powered surveillance for urban mobility. The literature review
likely begins by exploring the historical context of urban mobility challenges and
the evolution of surveillance methods. Gupta R's work may delve into the specific
AI algorithms employed, emphasizing advancements in computer vision, deep
learning, and real-time data analytics for enhancing surveillance capabilities.

Zhang X’s (2019) study titled ‘Traffic flow optimization using AI camera’s: A
case study’ published in the “Journal of Intelligent Transportation Engineering,”
focuses on traffic flow optimization through the utilization of AI cameras, with a
specific emphasis on a case study. The literature review likely begins by
exploring the historical context of traffic flow optimization, highlighting
traditional methodologies and the emergence of AI-based solutions. Zhang X’s
work may delve into the specifics of AI algorithms employed for real-time traffic
monitoring, adaptive signal control, and dynamic route planning, showcasing the
practical implications of these technologies in the presented case study.

Kim S's (2019) study titled ‘AI camera-based Anomaly detection in public
transportation’ published in the "International Journal of Transport Security,
“focuses on AI camera-based anomaly detection in public transportation. The
literature review begins by exploring the historical context of anomaly detection
methods in public transportation and the evolution of surveillance technologies.
Kim S’s work may delve into the specific AI algorithms employed, emphasizing
advancements in computer vision and machine learning for real-time anomaly
detection.

8
Wu H's (2019) study titled ‘Real time Traffic monitoring using Deep learning
Techniques’ published in the "Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems," the
research focuses on real-time traffic monitoring utilizing deep learning
techniques. The literature review likely begins by exploring the historical
evolution of traffic monitoring methods, emphasizing the transition to deep
learning approaches. Wu H's work may delve into the specifics of deep learning
algorithms employed, highlighting advancements in convolutional neural
networks or recurrent neural networks for accurate and efficient real-time traffic
analysis.

Chen Y's (2018) study titled ‘smart cities: Integration of AI cameras for
intelligent transportation management’ published in the "Journal of Urban
Technology," focuses on the integration of AI cameras for intelligent
transportation management within the context of smart cities. The literature
review may commence by providing an overview of the concept of smart cities,
highlighting the imperative of leveraging AI cameras to enhance the efficiency
of transportation systems. Chen Y's work likely explores key applications, such
as traffic monitoring, congestion management, and adaptive traffic signal control,
demonstrating how AI-driven technologies contribute to more intelligent and
responsive urban transportation networks.

Smith J's (2018) study titled ‘Enhancing transportation safety with AI camera’s
‘published in the "Transportation Technology Review," delves into the realm of
enhancing transportation safety through the utilization of AI cameras. The study
likely explores the multifaceted applications of artificial intelligence in bolstering
safety measures within the transportation sector. Smith J's work may encompass
the integration of advanced camera systems for real-time monitoring, analysis,
and decision-making to mitigate potential risks and enhance overall safety
protocols.

9
Li H's (2018) study titled ‘Smart Traffic management using AI camera’s – A
comprehensive Review’ published in "Transportation Research Part B:
Methodological," delves into smart traffic management through the
comprehensive application of AI cameras. The literature review likely begins by
tracing the historical evolution of traffic management methodologies and the
pivotal role that AI cameras play in modernizing these approaches. Li H's work
may explore the diverse applications of AI cameras in traffic flow optimization,
congestion detection, and real-time decision-making, highlighting the
transformative impact on urban transportation systems.

Yang L's (2018) study titled ‘Machine vision Applications in Intelligent

Transportation systems’ published in the "IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Transportation Systems," centres on machine vision applications within
intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The literature review likely begins by
exploring the historical context of machine vision in transportation, highlighting
key developments and applications. Yang L's work may delve into the specific
machine vision technologies employed, emphasizing their role in traffic
monitoring, object recognition, and overall enhancement of ITS capabilities.

Wang L's (2017) study titled ‘Machine learning in traffic surveillance: A review’
published in the "Intelligent Transport Systems Journal,” provides a
comprehensive review of machine learning applications in traffic surveillance.
The literature review likely begins by tracing the historical progression of traffic
surveillance methods and the pivotal shift toward machine learning techniques.
Wang L's work may explore the diverse range of machine learning algorithms
employed in traffic surveillance, emphasizing their roles in pattern recognition,
anomaly detection, and predictive modelling.

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 CHAPTER 3
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3.1 INTRODUCTION

Artificial intelligence for video surveillance utilizes computer software programs

that analyse the audio and images from video surveillance cameras in order to
recognize humans, vehicles, objects, attributes, and events. The artificial
intelligence ("A.I.") sends an alert if it detects a trespasser breaking the "rule" set
that no person is allowed in that area during that time of day. The A.I. program
functions by using machine vision. Machine vision is a series of algorithms, or
mathematical procedures, which work like a flow-chart or series of questions to
compare the object seen with hundreds of thousands of stored reference images
of humans in different postures, angles, positions and movements. The A.I. is
capable of maintaining surveillance of hundreds of cameras simultaneously. Its
ability to spot a trespasser in the distance or in rain or glare is superior to humans'
ability to do so. This type of A.I. for security is known as "rule-based" because a
human programmer must set rules for all of the things for which the user wishes
to be alerted.

3.2 HISTORY OF AI CAMERA

The integration of AI cameras into transportation has evolved significantly over

the years. Initially, in the late 20th century, early experiments laid the groundwork
for computer vision technologies. By the 2000s, AI cameras found their niche in
surveillance and security, particularly in transportation hubs like airports and train
stations, aiding in object detection and threat identification.

As computational power increased, so did the capabilities of AI cameras. In the

2010s, they became instrumental in traffic management, enabling real-time
monitoring of traffic flow, accident detection, and optimization of signal timings,
thereby enhancing road safety and efficiency. In recent years, AI cameras have
continued to advance, powering more sophisticated applications such as

11
pedestrian and cyclist detection, as well as contributing to smart city initiatives
aimed at improving overall urban mobility.

Investment and interest in AI boomed in the first decades of the 21stcentury when
machine learning was successfully applied to many problems in academia and
industry due to new methods, the application of powerful computer hardware,
The Artificial Intelligence cameras were installed to monitor traffic violations on
Kerala’s roads under the Safe Kerala project. According to the official data, the
number of road accidents in July 2023 was 67 as compared to 313 recorded last
year in July and the collection of immense data sets.

3.3 OBJECTIVES OF AI CAMERA

1. Accidents and traffic violation have dropped after AI camera has been installed
and this has led to road safety.

2. AI operates 24x7 without interruption or breaks.

3. Clear detection and instant alert can be made on unknown people and vehicles
using AI camera.

4. AI is also being used in traffic management systems to optimise traffic flow

and reduce congestion.

3.4 ADVANTAGES OF AI CAMERA

1. AI cameras in transportation enhance safety by detecting and alerting drivers

about potential hazards on the road.

2. These cameras improve traffic management by monitoring and analysing

traffic flow in real-time, leading to smoother and more efficient transportation.

3. With AI cameras, autonomous vehicles can navigate and make informed

decisions on the road, enabling a future of self-driving cars.

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4. AI cameras play a vital role in enhancing security by monitoring and detecting
suspicious activities, ensuring the safety of transportation systems.

3.5 DISADVANTAGES OF AI CAMERA

1. Privacy concerns arise as AI cameras capture and analyse a significant amount

of personal data, raising questions about surveillance and individual privacy.

2. Malfunctioning AI cameras can lead to false alarms or missed detections,

potentially impacting the accuracy and reliability of transportation systems.

3. The cost of implementing and maintaining AI camera systems can be high,

posing financial challenges for transportation authorities and organizations.

4. AI camera systems require regular updates and maintenance to keep up with

evolving technologies, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive.

3.6 ROLE OF AI CAMERA

AI cameras play a crucial role in transportation. They enhance safety by detecting

potential hazards, monitor driver behaviour, and provide real-time alerts. These
cameras also contribute to efficient traffic management by analysing traffic flow,
optimizing signal timing, and identifying congestion. Additionally, AI cameras
aid in enhancing security by monitoring transportation facilities, detecting
suspicious activities, and providing surveillance. Overall, AI cameras help
improve safety, traffic management, security, and pave the way for advanced
transportation systems.

3.7 NEED OF AI CAMERA IN KERALA

In Kerala, these cameras are being used to detect various traffic violations such
as helmet-less riding, triple riding on two-wheelers, failure to use seatbelts,
mobile phone use while driving, jumping red signals, over speeding, dangerous
driving, and illegal parking.

13
 1 To reduce the traffic rule violations.
2 To prevents the occurrence of accidents.
3 To follow road safety rules and regulations.

3.8 PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS

The vehicle owner will receive an SMS alert once the AI camera detects a traffic
violation.

o Not wearing helmet (RS 500)

o Not wearing seat belt (RS 500)
o Mobile phone usage (RS 2000)
o Crossing red signal (RS 1000)
o Travelling with more than two people in two-wheelers (RS 1000)
o Speeding (RS 1500)
o Dangerous parking (RS 250)

3.9 IMPACT OF AI CAMERA ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF

TRANSPORTATION

1. Improved Traffic Management: AI cameras can help in monitoring traffic flow,

identifying congested areas, and suggesting alternative routes, leading to
smoother traffic management and reduced congestion.

2. Enhanced Road Safety: AI cameras can detect and capture traffic violations
such as over speeding, red light running, and dangerous driving behaviour. This
can act as a deterrent and promote safer driving practices.

3. Efficient Law Enforcement: AI cameras can automate the process of

identifying and penalizing traffic offenders, reducing the burden on law
enforcement agencies and ensuring more effective enforcement of traffic rules.

14
4. Stolen Vehicle Detection: AI cameras equipped with automated number plate
recognition can help in identifying stolen vehicles, aiding in their recovery and
preventing their misuse.

5. Public Security: AI cameras can assist in detecting and alerting authorities

about potential security threats in public spaces, enhancing overall public safety.

3.10 NO: OF AI CAMERA’S IN KERALA

The Kerala State government had installed AI cameras across the state under the
‘safe Kerala’ project to monitor the traffic violations. The MVD recently installed
726 AI cameras to monitor traffic violations.

No: of AI cameras established in each district are as follows: -

Trivandrum – 93
Kollam – 58
Pathanamthitta – 44
Alappuzha – 41
Kottayam – 44
Idukki – 38
Ernakulam – 64
Trissur – 57
Palakkad – 47
Malappuram – 49
Kozhikode – 63
Wayanad – 27
Kannur – 50
Kasargode – 47

15
 CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
TABLE 4.1 SHOWING AGE OF RESPONDENTS

Age No. of respondents Percentage

18-25 45 90
25-35 4 8
35-45 1 2
Above 45 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.1 SHOWING AGE OF RESPONDENTS

0
2
8

18-25
25-35
35-45
45&above

90

INTERPRETATION

The above table shows that 90% of the respondents belong to the age group of
18-25, 8% of the respondents belong to the age of 25-35, 2% of the respondents
belongs to the age 35-45 and no respondents belongs to the age group above 45.

16
TABLE 4.2 SHOWING GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

Gender No. of respondents Percentage

Male 20 40
Female 30 60
Others 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: primary source

CHART 4.2 SHOWING GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

0%

40%
male
female
others
60%

INTERPRETATION

The above analysis shows that 60% of the respondents are female, 40% of the
respondents are male and there are no other respondents. Hence majority of the
respondents are female.

17
TABLE 4.3 SHOWING OCCUPATION OF THE
RESPONDENTS

Occupation No. of respondents Percentage

Student 44 88
Govt employees 1 2
Private employees 3 6
Self employed 0 0
Unemployed 2 4
Others 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.3 SHOWING OCCUPATION OF THE

RESPONDENTS

4%
6%0% 0%
2%

student
govt employees
pvt employees
self employed
88%
unemployed
others

INTERPRETATION

From the above diagram, 88% of the respondents are students, 6% of the
respondents are private employees, 4% of the respondents are unemployed, 2%
are government employees and no respondents for self-employed and others.

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TABLE 4.4 SHOWING MONTHLY INCOME OF THE
RESPONDENTS

Monthly Income No. of respondents Percentage

Below 5000 33 66
5000-25000 13 26
25000-45000 3 6
45000-55000 0 0
55000&above 1 2
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.4 SHOWING MONTHLY INCOME OF THE

RESPONDENTS

70

60

50 below 5000
40 5000-25000

30 25000-45000
45000-55000
20
55000 & above
10

0
below 5000 5000-25000 25000-45000 45000-55000 55000 & above

INTERPRETATION

From the above chart, 66% of the respondents belongs to the income group of
below 5000, 26% of the respondents belongs to 5000-25000, 6% of the
respondents belongs to 25000-45000, 2% of the respondents belongs to
55000&above and no respondents belongs to the income group of 45000-55000.

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TABLE 4.5 SHOWING LOCATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Location No. of respondents Percentage

Urban 20 40
Rural 17 34
Suburban 13 26
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.5 SHOWING LOCATION OF THE RESPONDENT

26%
40% urban
rural
suburban

34%

INTERPRETATION

From the above chart, 40% of the respondents reside in urban area, 34% of the
respondents are in rural area and 26% of the respondents reside in suburban area.

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TABLE 4.7 SHOWING WHETHER RESPONDENTS ARE
AWARE OF PENALTIES

Opinion No. of respondents Percentage

Yes 32 64
No 6 12
Somewhat 12 24
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.7 SHOWING WHETHER RESPONDENTS ARE

AWARE OF PENALTIES

somewhat

no

yes

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

somewhat no yes

INTERPRETATION

From the above analysis, it can be inferred that 64% of the respondents are aware
of penalties, 24% of the respondents are choose somewhat and 12% of the
respondents are not aware of penalties.

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TABLE 4.8 SHOWING WHETHER RESPONDENTS
VIOLATED ANY RULE

Opinion No. of respondents percentage

Never 33 66
Rarely 8 16
Sometimes 8 16
Often 1 2
Always 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.8 SHOWING WHETHER RESPONDENTS

VIOLATED ANY RULE

2%
0%
16%

never
16% rarely
sometimes
66%
often
always

INTERPRETATION

From the above chart, 66% of the respondents never violated any rule, 16% of
the respondents choose rarely and sometimes, 2% of the respondents often
violated the rule and no respondents choose always.

22
TABLE 4.9 SHOWING THE RULES VIOLATED BY
RESPONDENTS

Rules No. of respondents Percentage

Not wearing the seatbelt 3 6
Not wearing the helmet 9 18
Violating speed limit 5 10
Other than the above 2 4
Never 31 62
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.9 SHOWING THE RULES VIOLATED BY

RESPONDENTS

not wearing seatbelt not wearing helmet violating speed limit other than the above never

70
60
50
40
30 62
20
10 18
6 10
0 4
not wearing seatbelt not wearing helmet violating speed limit other than the above never

INTERPRETATION

From the above analysis, 62% of the respondents never violated any rule, 18% of
the respondents violated for not wearing helmet, 10% of the respondents violated
speed limit, 6% of the respondents violated for not wearing the seatbelt, 4% of
the respondents violated other rules.

23
TABLE 4.10 SHOWING THE IMPACT ON SAFETY AND
SECURITY

Opinion No. of respondents percentage

High impact 14 28
Moderate impact 25 50
Low impact 8 16
No impact 3 6
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.10 SHOWING THE IMPACT ON SAFETY AND

SECURITY

6%
16% 28%
high impact
moderate impact
low impact
no impact

50%

INTERPRETATION

From the above chart, 50% of the respondents finds that AI cameras have
moderate impact on safety and security, 28% of the respondents says that AI
cameras have high impact, 16% of the respondents says that AI cameras have low
impact, and 6% of the respondents says that AI cameras have no impact on safety
and security.

24
TABLE 4.11 SHOWING THAT STRICT GUIDELINES
SHOULD BE FOLLOWED TO PREVENT BIASES AND FAIR
USE OF AI CAMERA

Agreement No. of respondents percentage

Agree 29 58
Strongly agree 8 16
Neutral 11 22
Disagree 2 4
Strongly disagree 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.11 SHOWING THAT STRICT GUIDELINES

SHOULD BE FOLLOWED TO PREVENT BIASES AND FAIR
USE OF AI CAMERA

60

50
strongly disagree
40
disagree
30 58
neutral
20 strongly agree
22
10 16 agree
4 0
0
agree strongly neutral disagree strongly
agree disagree

INTERPRETATION

From the above analysis, 58% of the respondents agree that strict guidelines
should be followed to prevent biases and fair use of AI camera, 22% of the
respondents neutrally agreed, 16% of the respondents strongly agree, 4% of the
respondents disagree, and no response for strongly disagree.

25
TABLE 4.12 SHOWING THE USER EXPERIENCE WITH THE
AI CAMERA SYSTEM

Opinion No. of respondents Percentage

Excellent 4 8
Good 32 64
Fair 7 14
Poor 7 14
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.12 SHOWING THE USER EXPERIENCE WITH

THE AI CAMERA SYSTEM

8
14

excellent
14
good
fair
poor

64

INTERPRETATION

From the above chart, 64% of the respondents have good opinion to the user
experience with the AI camera system, 14% of the respondents have fair and poor
opinion to the user experience with the AI camera, 8% of the respondents have
excellent opinion.

26
TABLE 4.13 SHOWING THE LEVEL OF SUPPORT ON
INSTALLATION OF AI CAMERA

Opinion No. of respondents Percentages

Strongly support 6 12
Support 24 48
Neutral 16 32
Oppose 4 8
Strongly oppose 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.13 SHOWING THE LEVEL OF SUPPORT ON

INSTALLATION OF AI CAMERA

8 12

strongly support
32
support
neutral
48
oppose
strongly oppose

INTERPRETATION

From the above analysis, 48% of the respondents support to the installation of AI
camera, 32% of the respondents neutrally support, 12% of the respondents
strongly support, 8% of the respondents oppose to it and no response on strongly
oppose.

27
TABLE 4.14 SHOWING THE LEVEL OF SATISFACTION
TOWARDS THE USE OF AI CAMERA

Opinion No. of respondents Percentage

Extremely Dissatisfied 2 4
Dissatisfied 14 28
Neutral 19 38
Satisfied 14 28
Extremely Satisfied 1 2
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.14 SHOWING THE LEVEL OF SATISFACTION

TOWARDS THE USE OF AI CAMERA

Extremely
Extremely
Satisfied,
Dissatisfied,
2 4
Satisfied, 28
Dissatisfied, 28 Extremely Dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
Neutral
Satisfied
Extremely Satisfied

Neutral, 38

INTERPRETATION

The above diagram shows that 38% of the respondents gives Neutral on the use
of AI cameras, 28% of the respondents gives Dissatisfied and Satisfied, 4% of the
respondents gives Extremely Dissatisfied and 2% of the respondents gives
Extremely Satisfied with the use of AI cameras.

28
TABLE 4.15 SHOWING WHETHER RESPONDENTS
BELIEVE THAT AI CAMERA REDUCES TRAFFIC
CONGESTION

Opinion No. of respondents Percentages

Strongly believe 5 10
Believe 18 36
Neutral 22 44
Disbelieve 4 8
Strongly disbelieve 1 2
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.15 SHOWING WHETHER RESPONDENTS

BELIEVE THAT AI CAMERA REDUCES TRAFFIC
CONGESTION

8 2 10

strongly believe
believe
neutral
36
disbelieve
44
strongly disbelieve

INTERPRETATION
From the above chart, 44% of the respondents says neutral on ‘AI camera reduces
traffic congestion’, 36% of the respondents believe, 10% of the respondents
strongly believe, 8% of the respondents disbelieve, 2% of the respondents
strongly disbelieve.

29
TABLE 4.16 SHOWING THE REGULARITY OF AUDITING
THE AI CAMERA SYSTEM

Opinion No. of respondents Percentage

Regularly 6 12
Occasionally 23 46
Neutral 17 34
Rarely 3 6
Never 1 2
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.16 SHOWING THE REGULARITY OF AUDITING

THE AI CAMERA SYSTEM

2
never

6
rarely
never
rarely
neutral 34
neutral
occasionally
occasionally
46 regularly

regularly
12

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

INTERPRETATION

From the above analysis, 46% of the respondents says occasionally auding should
be done, 34% of the respondents says neutral opinion, 12% of the respondents
says regularly auding should be done, 6% of the respondents says rarely, 2% of
the respondents says auding should not be done regularly.

30
TABLE 4.17 SHOWING THE LEVEL OF AGREEMENT
TOWARDS PROBLEMS OF AI CAMERA

Statements Agree Neutral Disagree Total

Presence of AI 23 23 4 50
camera raises
potential issues
related to data
security and
unauthorized access
People may face 20 26 4 50
challenges regarding
their personal
information being
collected and
analyzed by AI
camera in
transportation
There are significant 22 20 8 50
privacy concerns
associated with the
use of AI cameras in
transportation
Possibility of 23 21 6 50
misinterpreting the
footage captured by
AI cameras, leading
to false accusations
against individuals
The presence of AI 18 27 5 50
cameras may lead to
a decrease in face-to-
face interaction and a
potential loss of
empathy
Source: primary data

31
CHART 4.17 SHOWING THE LEVEL OF AGREEMENT
TOWARDS PROBLEMS OF AI CAMERA

26 27
23
30 20 21
23 22 23
25 20
8 18
20 6 5
4 4
15
disagree
10
neutral
5
agree
0
presence of AI People may face There are Possibility of The presence of
camera raises challenges significant misinterpreting ai cameras may
potential issues regarding their privacy the footage lead tp a
related to data personal concerns captured by AI decrease in face
security information associated with cameras, to face
being collected the use of AI leading to false interaction
and analyzed by cameras in accusations
AI camera in transportation against
transportation individuals

agree neutral disagree

INTERPRETATION
From the above diagram, out of 50, 23 each of the respondents agree and neutrally
agree to the first statement and 4 of the respondents disagree to it.

26 respondents neutrally agree to the second statement, 20 respondents agree to

it and 4 respondents disagree to it.

22 respondents agree to the third statement, 20 respondents neutrally agree to it

and 8 respondents disagree to it.

23 respondents agree to the fourth statement, 21 respondents neutrally agree to

it and 6 respondents disagree to it.

27 respondents neutrally agree to the fifth statement, 18 respondents agree to it

and 5 respondents disagree to it.

32
TABLE 4.18 SHOWING THE LEVEL OF OPINION ABOUT
THE FUTURE OF AI CAMERA

Opinion No. of respondents Percentage

Yes 19 38
No 10 20
May be 21 42
Total 50 100
Source: primary data

CHART 4.18 SHOWING THE LEVEL OF OPINION ABOUT

THE FUTURE OF AI CAMERA

yes, 38
may be , 42

no, 20

INTERPRETATION

From the above chart, 42% of the respondents says future of AI camera may be
promising, 38% of the respondents says it will be promising, 20% of the
respondents says it will not be promising.

33
 WEIGHTED RANKING METHOD
TABLE 4.6 SHOWING THE BENEFITS OF AI CAMERA IN
TRANSPORTATION

No. of respondents
Options Total
1 2 3 4 5
Improved 24 15 4 4 3 50
safety

Enhanced 10 21 13 2 4 50
traffic
management

Faster 18 8 15 4 5 50
emergency
response

Better data 10 16 11 8 5 50
for urban
planning

Infrastructure 11 9 14 3 13 50
development

34
TABLE 4.6 SHOWING RANK GIVEN TO THE BENEFITS OF
AI CAMERA IN TRANSPORTATION

No. of respondents
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 Total Rank

Weight 5 4 3 2 1
Improved 120 60 12 8 3 203 I.
safety

Enhanced 50 84 39 4 4 181 II.

traffic
management

Faster 90 32 45 8 5 180 III.

emergency
response

Better data 50 64 33 16 5 168 IV.

for urban
planning

Infrastructure 55 36 42 6 13 152 V.
development

INTERPRETATION

Majority of the respondents have given first rank to improved safety, second
rank to enhanced traffic management, third rank to faster emergency response,
fourth rank to better data for urban planning, fifth rank to infrastructure
development.

35
 CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND
CONCLUSION
5.1 FINDINGS

➢ Majority (90%) of the respondents are in the age group of 18-25.

➢ Majority (60%) of the respondents are male.
➢ Majority (88%) of the respondents are students.
➢ Majority (66%) of the respondents belong to the income group of below
5000.
➢ Majority (40%) of the respondents reside in urban area.
➢ Majority of the respondents assigned 1st rank to improved safety.
➢ Majority (64%) of the respondents are aware of penalties.
➢ Majority (66%) of the respondents never violated any rule.
➢ Majority (62%) of the respondents does not violate any rule.
➢ Majority (50%) of the respondents finds that AI cameras have moderate
impact on safety and security.
➢ Majority (58%) of the respondents agree that “Strict guidelines should be
followed to prevent biases and fair use of AI camera”.
➢ Majority (64%) of the respondents have good opinion to the user
experience with the AI camera system.
➢ Majority (48%) of the respondents support to the installation of AI
camera.
➢ Majority (38%) of the respondents gives Neutral on the use of AI
cameras.
➢ Majority (44%) of the respondents says neutral on “AI camera reduces
traffic congestion”.
➢ Majority (46%) of the respondents says that occasionally auditing should
be done.
➢ Majority (46%) of the respondents says agree and neutral to the problem
– ‘Issue related to data security and unauthorized accesses.

36
 Majority (52%) of the respondents says neutral to the problem –
‘Personal information being collected and analyzed by AI camera’.
Majority (44%) of the respondents agree to the problem – ‘Significant
privacy concerns associated with the use of AI cameras in
Transportation’.
Majority (46%) of the respondents agree to the problem –
‘Misinterpreting the footage captured by AI cameras.
Majority (54%) of the respondents says neutral opinion to the problem –
‘AI camera may lead to decrease in face-to-face interaction and a
potential loss of empathy.
➢ Majority (42%) of the respondents says future of AI camera may be
promising.

37
5.2 SUGGESTIONS

• Give technical awareness among the people who are not aware of it.
• Improve technical side of AI camera, so that false footage can be reduced.
• Use AI camera to monitor traffic flow and congestion in busy areas.
• Create a system that alerts drivers about traffic jams and accidents in real-
time.
• Install multi-angle cameras to provide a comprehensive view of the
surrounding environment, minimizing blind spots and enhancing situation
awareness.
• Quick paying of penalty can be made, so that future of AI camera can be
promising.

38
5.3 CONCLUSION

The study was accomplished to explore the attitude towards AI camera in

transportation among the people. This study delved into how people feel about
AI cameras in transportation, like those on roads and public transit. What we
found was that most folks are generally supportive of using these cameras. They
see them as useful tools for improving safety and managing traffic better.
However, at the same time, many have concerns about privacy. They want
reassurance that their personal data won’t be misused or put at risk. So, while
people see the benefits of AI cameras in transportation, addressing privacy
concerns is crucial for gaining widespread acceptance. In summary, AI cameras
have the potential to greatly improve safety, efficiency, and security in
transportation. However, it is important to address any concerns regarding
privacy and ensure that the implementation is done responsibly. Overall, AI
cameras can play a significant role in shaping the future of transportation.

39
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS
Research Methodology and techniques – C R Kothari

ONLINE REFERENCES
1. https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news.php?id=1081311
&u=road-camera-fine-from-today-children-to-be-exempted-
1081311
2. https://www.infosysbpm.com/blogs/business-
transformation/advantages-of-using-artificial-intelligence-in-video-
surveillance.html
3. https://chat.openai.com/
4. https://en.m.wikipedia.org
5. https://www.manoramaonline.com
6. https://malayalam.indiatoday.in

40
APPENDIX
GOVERNMENT ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, THOLANUR
Department of commerce
Dear respondent,
SUB: “request to fill the questionnaire” Regarding a research study
I am a final year student pursuing Bachelor of Commerce (finance) at
GOVT. ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE THOLANUR (under Calicut
University). I am conducting “A study on people’s attitude towards AI
camera in transportation with special reference to Palakkad
district”. This research (project) is taken as partial fulfilment of the
completion of my B.com (finance) degree under Calicut University.
I seek your kind assistance in completing the attached questionnaire
which would take approximately 10 minutes of your valuable time.

Your response will be treated as “Strictly confidential”

Note: There’s no right or wrong answer. To make this study successful,
your kind co-operation and honest response are greatly valued.
Yours sincerely,
AKSHAYA R
PROJECTGUIDE:
Mrs. SARASWATHY R
Assistant professor of commerce,
Department of commerce,
GOVT. ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE THOLANUR
 “A STUDY ON PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS AI CAMERA IN
TRANSPORTATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PALAKKAD
DISTRICT”
QUESTIONNAIRE

1. AGE

a) 18-25
b) 25-35
c) 35-45
d) 45 and above

2. GENDER

a) Male
b) Female
c) Others

3. OCCUPATION

a) Student
b) Government sector employees
c) Private sector employees
d) Self employed
e) Unemployed
f) Others

4. MONTHLY INCOME

a) Below 5000
b) 5000-25000
c) 25000-45000
d) 45000-55000
e) 55000 and above

41
5. LOCATION

a) Urban
b) Rural
c) Sub-rural

6. RANK THE FOLLOWING BENEFITS OF AI CAMERA IN

TRANSPORTATION

BENEFITS Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4 Rank 5

a) Improved safety
b) Enhanced traffic
management
c) Faster emergency
response
d) Better data for urban
planning
e) Infrastructure
development

7. ARE YOU AWARE OF THE PENALTIES IMPOSED BY THE RTO FOR

THE VIOLATIONS CAPTURED BY THE AI CAMERA?

a) Yes
b) No
c) Somewhat

8. HAVE YOU EVER VIOLATED ANY RULE KNOWINGLY?

42
 a) Never
b) Rarely
c) Sometimes
d) Often
e) Always

9. FOR VIOLATING WHICH OF THE RULES, YOU GOT PENALIZED?

a) For not wearing seatbelt

b) For not wearing helmet
c) For violating speed limit
d) Other than the above
e) Never

10. WHAT EXTEND DO YOU BELIEVE AI CAMERA’S CONTRIBUTE TO

THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN
KERALA?

a) High impact
b) Moderate impact
c) Low impact
d) No impact

11. STRICT ETHICAL GUIDELINES SHOULD BE FOLLOWED TO

PREVENT BIASES AND ENSURE FAIR USE OF AI CAMERAS IN
TRANSPORTATION.

a) Agree
b) Strongly agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) strongly disagree

43
12. HOW WOULD YOU RATE THE USER EXPERIENCE OF
INTERACTING WITH AI CAMERA SYSTEM?

a) Excellent
b) Good
c) Fair
d) Poor

13. DO YOU SUPPORT THE INCREASED INSTALLATION OF AI

CAMERA’S FOR SECURITY PURPOSES IN PALAKKAD DISTRICT?

a) Strongly support
b) Support
c) Neutral
d) Oppose
e) Strongly oppose

14. ON THE SCALE OF 1 TO 5, HOW SATISFIED ARE YOU WITH THE

CURRENT INSTALLATION AND USE OF AI CAMERA’S IN
TRANSPORTATION?

EXTREMELY DISSATISFIED
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
EXTREMELY SATISFIED

15. DO YOU BELIEVE AI CAMERA’S CAN CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCING

TRAFFIC CONGESTION?

44
 a) Strongly believe
b) Believe
c) Neutral
d) disbelieve
e) strongly disbelieve

16. HOW FREQUENTLY DO YOU THINK AI CAMERA SYSTEMS

SHOULD UNDERGO INDEPENDENT AUDITS FOR ACCOUNTABILITY?

a) Regularly
b) Occasionally
c) Neutral
d) Rarely
e) Never

17. SELECT YOUR OPINION FOR THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS

Statement Agree Neutral Disagree

a) Presence of Ai camera
raises potential issues
related to data
security and
unauthorized access
b) People may face
challenges regarding their
personal information being
collected and analyzed by
AI cameras.
c) There are significant
privacy concerns associated
with the use of AI cameras.

45
 d) Possibility of
misinterpreting the footage
captured by AI camera’s,
leading to false accusations
against individual
e) The presence of AI
cameras may lead to a
decrease in face-to-face
interactions and a potential
loss of empathy

18. DO YOU THINK THAT AI CAMERA’S ARE SUCCESSFUL IN

CARRYING OUT THEIR PURPOSE?

a) Yes
b) No
c) It depends

46