DIFFERENT LITERARY ELEMENTS

THEME - In contemporary literary studies, a theme is a central topic, subject, or message within a narrative. Themes can be divided into two categories: a
work's thematic concept is what readers "think the work is about" and its thematic statement being "what the work says about the subject".
SETTING - A setting is the time and geographic location within a narrative, either non-fiction or fiction. It is a literary element. The setting initiates the main
backdrop and mood for a story. The setting can be referred to as story world or milieu to include a context beyond the immediate surroundings of the story.
PLOT - In a literary work, film, or other narrative, the plot is the sequence of events in which each event affects the next one through the principle of cause-
and-effect. The causal events of a plot can be thought of as a series of events linked by the connector "and so".
IMAGERY - Imagery is visual symbolism, or figurative language that evokes a mental image or other kinds of sense impressions, especially in a literary work,
but also in other activities such as psychotherapy. Imagery in literature can also be instrumental in conveying tone.
FORESHADOWING - is a narrative device in which a storyteller gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story. Foreshadowing often appears at
the beginning of a story, and it helps develop or subvert the audience's expectations about upcoming events.
PERSONIFICATION is a literary technique in which the author gives an inanimate object human feelings and characteristics to help convey ideas or
emotions.
IRONY - Irony, in its broadest sense, is the juxtaposition of what on the surface appears to be the case and what is actually the case or to be expected; it is a
rhetorical device and literary technique. Irony can be categorized into different types, including verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony.
ALLUSION - is a figure of speech, in which an object or circumstance from an unrelated context is referred to covertly or indirectly. It is left to the audience to
make a direct connection. Where the connection is directly and explicitly stated by the author, it is instead usually termed a reference.
METAPHOR - A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. It may provide clarity or identify
hidden similarities between two different ideas.
CONFLICT - is a struggle and a clash of interest, opinion, or even principles. Conflict will always be found in society; as the basis of conflict may vary to be
personal, racial, class, caste, political and international.
SYMBOL - is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship. Symbols allow people to go
beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise very different concepts and experiences.
TONE - In literature, the tone of a literary work expresses the writer's attitude or feelings about the subject matter and audience.
HYPERBOLE is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. In rhetoric, it is also sometimes known as auxesis. In poetry and oratory, it
emphasizes, evokes strong feelings, and creates strong impressions. As a figure of speech, it is usually not meant to be taken literally.
CLIMAX - The climax or turning point of a narrative work is its point of highest tension and drama, or it is the time when the action starts during which the
solution is given. The climax of a story is a literary element.
SIMILE - is a figure of speech that directly compares two things. Similes differ from metaphors by highlighting the similarities between two things using
comparison words such as "like", "as", "so", or "than", while metaphors create an implicit comparison.
ALLITERATION - is the repetition of syllable-initial consonant sounds between nearby words, or of syllable-initial vowels, if the syllables in question do not
start with a consonant. It is often used as a literary device. An example is the quote "Out of doubt, out of dark to the day's rising" from Lord of the Rings.
NARRATION - Narration is the use of a written or spoken commentary to convey a story to an audience. Narration is conveyed by a narrator: a specific
person, or unspecified literary voice, developed by the creator of the story to deliver information to the audience, particularly about the plot: the series of
events.
NARRATIVE - A narrative, story, or tale is any account of a series of related events or experiences, whether nonfictional or fictional. Narratives can be
presented through a sequence of written or spoken words, through still or moving images, or through any combination of these.
MOOD - In literature, mood is the atmosphere of the narrative. Mood is created by means of setting, attitude, and descriptions. Though atmosphere and
setting are connected, they may be considered separately to a degree. Atmosphere is the aura of mood that surrounds the story.
CHARACTERIZATION - is the representation of characters in narrative and dramatic works. The term character development is sometimes used as a
synonym.
ANTAGONIST - An antagonist is a character in a story who is presented as the main enemy and rival of the protagonist.
FLASHBACK - A flashback is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point in the story. Flashbacks are often used to
recount events that happened before the story's primary sequence of events to fill in crucial backstory.
MOTIF - A motif is any distinctive feature or idea that recurs across a story; often, it helps develop other narrative elements such as theme or mood. A
narrative motif can be created through the use of imagery, structural components, language, and other elements throughout literature.

GREEK MYTHOLOGY GODS

Zeus is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods on Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with
the first syllable of his Roman equivalent Jupiter.

Hermes is an Olympian deity in ancient Greek religion and mythology considered the herald of the gods. He is also considered the
protector of human heralds, travelers, thieves, merchants, and orators. He is able to move quickly and freely between the worlds of the
mortal and the divine aided by his winged sandals.

Ares is the Greek god of war and courage. He is one of the Twelve Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera. The Greeks were
ambivalent towards him.

Apollo is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been
recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more.

Poseidon is one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and mythology, presiding over the sea, storms, earthquakes and
horses. He was the protector of seafarers and the guardian of many Hellenic cities and colonies.

Dionysus is the god of wine-making, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, festivity, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, and
theatre. He was also known as Bacchus by the Greeks for a frenzy he is said to induce called baccheia.

Aphrodite is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, procreation, and as her syncretized Roman
goddess counterpart Venus, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory. Aphrodite's major symbols include seashells, myrtles, roses,
doves, sparrows, and swans.

Hades, in the ancient Greek religion and mythology, is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld, with which his name became
synonymous. Hades was the eldest son of Cronus and Rhea, although this also made him the last son to be regurgitated by his father.

Athena is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, warfare, and handicraft who was later syncretized with the Roman
goddess Minerva.
Hephaestus is the Greek god of artisans, blacksmiths, carpenters, craftsmen, fire, metallurgy, metalworking, sculpture and volcanoes.

Hera is the goddess of marriage, women and family, and the protector of women during childbirth.

Artemis is the goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, nature, vegetation, childbirth, care of children, and chastity.

Demeter is the Olympian goddess of the harvest and agriculture, presiding over crops, grains, food, and the fertility of the earth.

Cronus was the leader and youngest of the first generation of Titans, the divine descendants of the primordial Gaia and Uranus.

Hestia is the virgin goddess of the hearth and the home. In myth, she is the firstborn child of the Titans Cronus and Rhea, and one of the
Twelve Olympians.

Eros is the Greek god of love and sex. His Roman counterpart was Cupid. In the earliest account, he is a primordial god, while in later
accounts he is described as one of the children of Aphrodite and Ares.

Gaia, also spelled Gaea, is the personification of the Earth. Gaia is the ancestral mother—sometimes parthenogenic—of all life.

Helios is the Titan god and personification of the Sun. His name is also Latinized as Helius, and he is often given the epithets Hyperion
and Phaethon.

Persephone, also called Kore or Cora, is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter. She became the queen of the underworld after her
abduction by and marriage to her uncle Hades, the king of the underworld.

Prometheus is sometimes referred to as the God of Fire. Prometheus is best known for defying the Olympian gods by stealing fire from
them and giving it to humanity in the form of technology, knowledge, and more generally, civilization.

Titans were the pre-Olympian gods. According to the Theogony of Hesiod, they were the twelve children of the primordial parents Uranus
and Gaia, with six male Titans—Oceanus.

Uranus, sometimes written Ouranos, is the personification of the sky and one of the Greek primordial deities.

Pan is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, rustic music and impromptus, and companion of the nymphs.

Atlas is a Titan condemned to hold up the heavens or sky for eternity after the Titanomachy. Atlas also plays a role in the myths of two of
the greatest Greek heroes: