2018학년도 대학수학능력시험

과학탐구영역 생명 과학Ⅰ 정답 및 해설

01. ① 02. ⑤ 03. ① 04. ③ 05. ④ 06. ⑤ 07. ⑤ 08. ② 09. ⑤ 10. ②
11. ② 12. ③ 13. ④ 14. ③ 15. ④ 16. ④ 17. ① 18. ① 19. ① 20. ③

1.
A , B , C .
[ ] ㄱ. A . DNA
. ①
[ ] ㄴ. B .
ㄷ. C . B .

2.
A , B DNA, C
.
[ ] ㄱ. A .
.
.
ㄴ. B DNA . DNA .
ㄷ. , , . .
⑤

3.
( ) n , ( ) 2n .
[ ] ㄱ. ( ) .
( ) 1 X . ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) .
Ⅰ Ⅱ . ①
[ ] ㄴ. ( ) 2 .
. ㉠
A .
ㄷ. ( ) 4 , 2 1
. Ⅱ 1 1 2 4 .

4.
A . B ( ), ,
. C .

1
[ ] ㄱ. A ,
.
ㄴ. B . ③
[ ] ㄷ. C ( ) C
. ( ) .

5.
H O CO  .
[ ] ㄴ. .
.
ㄷ. ATP
. ④
[ ] ㄱ. (N) ㉠
(NH  ) . (NH  )
, .

6.
S DNA 2 , DNA
. DNA 2 G M , DNA
1 G , DNA 1~2 S
.
[ ] ㄱ. Ⅰ DNA 1 DNA
G .
ㄴ. , Ⅱ G M
. Ⅱ G .
ㄷ. . Ⅱ
M .
⑤

7.
A . B O CO 
. C ,
. ㉠ , ㉡ , ㉢
.
[ ] ㄱ. (A) .
ㄴ. , , ,
, .

2
ㄷ. ㉢ . , .
⑤
8.
A , B .
[ ] ㄷ. A , B
. ②
[ ] ㄱ. A .
ㄴ. B .
, .

9.
( ) ,
, ( ) ,
. ㉡ ‘
.’ , C ( ) .
A , ㉢ ‘ .’ .
B , ㉡ ‘㉠ .’ .
[ ] ㄱ. ㉠ ‘ .’ .
ㄴ. B .
. .
ㄷ. C ( ) . ⑤

10.
P1 A,a B,b P1 AB, Ab,
aB, ab .
AB ab , Ab aB
. P1 aabbddee
(F  ) A_B_ : A_bb : aaB_ : aabb = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
A,a B,b .
.
(F  )
A_B_ : A_bb : aaB_ : aabb = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
A_D_ : A_dd : aaD_ : aadd = 0 : 1 : 1 : 0 Ad/aD
A_E_ : A_ee : aaE_ : aaee = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
B_D_ : B_dd : bbD_ : bbdd = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
B_E_ : B_ee : bbE_ : bbee = 0 : 1 : 1 : 0 Be/bE
D_E_ : D_ee : ddE_ : ddee = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
P2 4 .

3
① Ad/aD , Be/bE
② AD/ad , Be/bE
③ AD/ad , BE/be
④ Ad/aD , BB/ee
(F  ) 3 ,
(F  ) 3 ,
(F  ) 4 . P1 P2
(F  ) 16 P2 AD/ad
, BE/be .
[ ] ㄴ. P1 A d , B e . ②
[ ] ㄱ. P1 Ad/aD , Be/bE , P2
AD/ad , BE/be ㉠ 9 .

ㄷ. P2 (F  ) , A_D_ 

 
, bbee  . A_bbD_ee  .
 

11.
P B Ⅳ –80 Ⅰ~Ⅲ –
70~-80 . +30~-70
Q . A Ⅳ Ⅳ
. B A
A Ⅰ Ⅲ .
Ⅳ→Ⅱ→Ⅰ→Ⅲ .
[ ] ㄴ. Q . ②
ㄱ. Ⅱ d d .
ㄷ. t  B d  (Ⅲ) +20 +15 B d  (Ⅰ)
.

12.
Ⅰ e 1 , F 2 , h 1 Ⅰ ㉡ , ⓑ 1 . Ⅱ
e 2 , F 4 , h 2 Ⅱ ㉣ , ⓓ 2 . Ⅲ h
0 2 Ⅲ ㉢ , Ⅳ ㉠ . ㉢ e ⓐ
0 , FF ⓒ 2 .
[ ] ㄷ. Ⅳ 1 F DNA 1, E DNA 1, H
F의 D NA 상대량
DNA 0 . 1 .
E의 D NA 상대량  H의 D NA 상대량


4
[ ] ㄱ. ㉣ Ⅲ Ⅱ .
ㄴ. ⓐ ⓓ 5 .

13.
㉠ , ㉡ .
㉢ , ㉣ . ㉢
.
[ ] ㄱ. ㉠ .
ㄴ. ㉡ ㉢ . ④
[ ] ㄷ. ㉤ . .

14.
A B
, B 0 .
.
[ ] ㄱ. t  A 200 , t A 100 .
ㄷ.
. Ⅰ A B . ③
[ ] ㄴ. ( ) A B
.

15.
ⓐ ㉠ .

( ) ( )

3 ABD/abd ABD/abd 3
ABD/abd AbD/aBd 4
AbD/aBd AbD/aBd 3
3 AB/ab, D/d AB/ab, D/d 7
AB/ab, D/d Ab/aB, D/d 5
2 Ab/aB, D/d Ab/aB, D/d 3
3
A/a, B/b, D/d A/a, B/b, D/d 7

ⓐ ㉠ 4 ㉠ 3

. ⓐ ㉡ eeffgg  ⓐ

㉡ 3 2 .
[ ] ㄱ. ⓐ A, B, D
ⓐ ㉠ 4 .

5
ㄷ. ⓐ ㉠ ㉡
.

  
5  6  2 
  
  
4  5  1 
  
  
2  4  0 
  
 
1  3 
 
[ ㉠ [ ㉡

ⓐ ㉠ 3 1 ,

㉡ 3  ⓐ


㉠ ㉡  .

④
[ ] ㄴ. ㉡ 3 3
 
ⓐ ㉡ eeffgg   . ㉡ 3
 
2 .

16.
B X 1 1 , 2 2
.
[ ] ㄴ. Ⅰ X , X
Ⅰ X
.
ㄷ. Ⅰ Ⅱ
Ⅱ , .
Ⅱ X 2 . ④
[ ] ㄱ. ㉠ X
T .

17.
3, 4, 8 4 8 ( ) , 3 ( ) . ( )
4 8 B B  
. ㉣~㉤ BB

6
 ( ) . B B 3
B B  
. ㉣~㉤ B B  
B B 
X
B B B*
. ㉣ 4 XX . ㉤ 3 X Y . ㉥
B B*
8 XX . ( ) ( ) ( )
. 1, 2, 5 2 ( ) , 1 5
( ) . ( ) 1 5 AA
. ㉠~㉢ 2 AA ( ) . ㉠
5 AA 
. ㉡ 1 AA . ㉢ 2
A A  
. ( ) 1 D D 
. D
5 6 1 ( ) . 5 6
( ) ( ) .
[ ] ㄱ. ⓐ 1 ⓑ 0 ⓐ+ⓑ=1 . ①
[ ] ㄴ. A B ( ) ( ) .
4, 6, 7 A B . 4, 6, 7 ( ) 6 D
. 1~8 A, B, D 1 .
B
ㄷ. 6 ( ) XY , 7 ( ) XBXB* .

( )  . 6 ( ) ( )

AD  /A  D , 7 ( ) ( ) AD  /A  D  .

( ) ( ) 

. 6 7 , ( )~( )

( ) ( )  .


18.
[ ] ㄱ. ,
. ㉠ .
①
[ ] ㄴ. .
ㄷ. A
.

19.
㉠ ㉠
㉠ . 2 ㉠
㉠ . ㉡
1 ㉡ ㉡

7
 . ㉡ ㉡
. 1 ㉡ 3 4
㉡ 1 X 3 4 X
. 1,3,4 ㉢ ㉢
(T)
2 ㉢ . 2 ㉢ ㉢
㉢ .

[ ] ㄱ. ㉠~㉢ . ①
[ ] ㄴ. 2 ㉢ ㉢
(T) .
X X 2 . 3
3 HRT  1 HR  T

HRT  /HR  T  . 2 X
4 3 .
ㄷ. ⓐ . H  RT  /HR  T  3
X 2 X .
1 .

20.
,
.
[ ] ㄱ. A , B
.
B
순생산량
ㄷ. Ⅱ B A B 
. ③
[ ] ㄴ. Ⅰ
. Ⅰ
.