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Physics Final Capsule 30
Physics Final Capsule 30
Physics Final Capsule 30
RAIPUR REGION
CAPSULE 30 SUBJECT-PHYSICS
1. (i) Define an equipotential surface ?
(ii) Write any two properties of an equipotential surface.
[ Ans. (i) Equipotential surface : A surface drawn in an electric field at which
every point has the same potential, is known as equipotential surface (ii)
Properties : (a) No work is done in moving a test charge from one point to
another over an equipotential surface (b) Electric field is always normal to the
equipotential surface at every point
2. State the conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflection to occur.
Ans.(i) Light ray must travel from a denser to a rarer medium.
(ii) Angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle.
Ans. When a comb is run through dry hair, it gets charged due to friction.
Molecules in the paper gets polarized by the charged comb resulting in a net
force of attraction. If the hair is wet or it is a rainy day, friction reduces,
comb does not get charged and thus it will not attract small bits of paper .
20. Define electric line of force/electric field line.
Ans. An electric field line may be defined as the imaginary straight or curved
path, along which a unit positive, isolated charge would tend to move if free to
do so.
21. Define current density. Write its S.I. unit. Is it a scalar or vector quantity ?
Ans. Current density : Electric current flowing normally per unit
area of cross section is called current density .It is a vector quantity . Its S.I. unit is
A/ .
22.(a) Define resistance of a conductor. Write its S.I. unit.
(b) What are the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends ?
Ans. (a) Resistance : It is the ratio of potential difference applied across the ends
of a conductor to the current flowing through it .
Its S.I. unit is ohm .
(b)Factors : (i) Length of the conductor
(ii) Area of cross section of the conductor (iii) nature of material &
temperature.
23. (a) Define resistivity of a conductor. Write its S.I. unit.
Ans. (a) Resistivity : Resistivity of the material of a conductor is defined as the
resistance of conductor of that material of unit length and unit area of cross
section . Its S.I. unit is ohm metre .
24. Nichrome and copper wires of same length and same radius are connected in
series. Current I is passed through them. Which wire gets heated up more ? Justify
your answer.
Ans. Nichrome
Reason : (Resistivity of Ni > Resistivity of Cu)
25.Define the term conductivity of a conductor. On what factors does it depend ?
Ans. Conductivity : It is defined as the current flowing per unit area per unit
electric field .
It is also defined as the reciprocal of resistivity .
30.The emf of a cell is always greater than its terminal voltage. Give reason.
Ans. Because there is a potential drop across the internal resistance of the
cell, when cell is in a closed circuit .
31. Can the value of terminal potential difference be greater than the emf of a
cell ?
Ans. yes During the charging of the cell
32. Graph showing the variation of current versus voltage for a material GaAs as
shown in figure. Identify the region of
(i) negative resistance (ii) where Ohm’s law is obeyed.
Ans. (i) Region DE because current decreases on increasing
voltage
Region AB because current increases linearly on increasing voltage
33. Define the term drift velocity of charge carriers in a conductor and write its
relation with the current flowing through it.
Ans. Drift velocity :The average velocity acquired by free electrons of a
conductor in a direction opposite to the applied electric field is called drift
velocity.
34.How does the random motion of free electrons in a conductor gets affected when
a potential difference is applied across its end.
Ans. Random motion is partially directed towards positive end of conductor .
35.When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential, does it mean that
all the ‘free’ electrons of the metal are moving in the same direction?
Ans. By no means, the drift velocity is superposed over the large random velocities
of electrons.
36.The electron drift speed is estimated to be only a few for currents in the range
of a few amperes ? How then is current established almost the instant a circuit is
closed ?
Ans. When the circuit is closed, electric field is setup in the entire circuit
instantly with the speed of em waves which causes electron drift at every portion
of the circuit. A current starts flowing in the circuit almost instantly.
37. If the electron drift speed is so small, and the electron’s charge is small, how
can we still obtain large amounts of current in a conductor ?
Ans. because the electron number density is very large
38.The electron drift arises due to the force experienced by electrons in the electric
field inside the conductor. But force should cause acceleration. Why then do the
electrons acquire a steady average drift speed ?
Ans. Each ‘free’ electron does accelerate, but due to frequent collisions with ions
they acquire only an average speed known as drift speed.
39. What happens if the galvanometer and cell are interchanged at the balanced
point of the Wheatstone bridge? Would the galvanometer show any current ?
Ans. Balanced condition still remains satisfied, hence
galvanometer does not show any current.
66. Write two main limitations of refracting telescopes. Explain how these
can be minimized in a reflecting telescope.
Ans. Limitations of refracting telescope:
(i) Suffers from spherical aberration . It can be corrected by
using parabolic mirror objective
(ii) Suffers from chromatic aberration. It can be corrected by
using mirror objective instead of spherical lens
67. (i) Draw a schematic diagram of a reflecting telescope. State the advantages of
reflecting telescope over refracting telescope.
(ii) What is its magnifying power ?
Ans. Advantages of reflecting telescope
(i) No chromatic aberration
(ii) No spherical aberration
(iii) Brighter image
(iv) large magnifying power
(v) High resolving power
Ans. Positions of bright and dark fringes would change rapidly hence the
interference pattern shall not be sustained
77. Why cannot two independent monochromatic sources produce
sustained interference pattern ?
incident radiation.
(iii) number of emitted photoelectrons depends on intensity of incident radiation
incident radiation
92.State three important properties of photon which are used to write Einstein’s
photoelectric equation.
Ans. (i) for a radiation of frequency , the energy of each photon is .
(ii).During the collision of a photon, with an electron, the total energy of
photon gets absorbed by the electron
(iii) Intensity of light depends on the number of photons crossing per
unit area per unit time
93.Write three characteristic features in photoelectric effect which cannot be
explained on the basis of wave theory of light, but can be explained only using
Einstein’s equation. Ans. (i) Instantaneous emission of
photoelectrons
(iii) Existence of threshold frequency
115.Name the two important processes that occur during the formation of a p-
n junction.
Ans. (i) Diffusion (ii) drift
116.What happens when a forward bias is applied to a p-n junction ?
Ans. p-n junction conducts current when a forward bias is applied to it