Nursing 202 Anatomy & Physiology

Lecture Guide February 26, 2019

Pulmonary Overview
Today’s Objectives

1. Describe the location, structure, and function of the organs of the upper respiratory system.
2. Describe the protective mechanisms of the respiratory system.
3. Distinguish between the conducting and respiratory zone structures.
4. Describe the location, structure, and function of the organs of the lower respiratory system.
5. Describe the respiratory membrane.
6. Describe the structure of the lungs and pleurae.

Lecture Outline

I. Categorizing the Respiratory System:

Upper vs. Lower Conducting vs. Respiratory

Upper Respiratory Lower Respiratory Conducting Zone Respiratory Zone
Nose Larynx Nose Respiratory bronchioles
Pharynx Trachea Pharynx Alveolar ducts
Bronchi Larynx Alveolar sacs
Lungs Bronchi Alveoli
Bronchiole
Terminal Bronchioles

II. Nose

a. Mucosal Lining

i. Olfactory mucosa

ii. Respiratory mucosa

1. Capillary beds (plexuses)

2. Folded projections (conchae)

b. Sinuses

c. The lacrimal ducts empty into the nose.

III. Pharynx

a. Nasopharynx
 Nursing 202 Anatomy & Physiology
Lecture Guide February 26, 2019

i. Uvula & Soft Palate

ii. Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

iii. Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tubes[Eustachian tube]

b. Oropharynx

i. Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils are in this space

c. Laryngopharynx

i. Epiglottis.

ii. Lingual tonsils

d. Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

IV. Larynx – (voice box)

i. Epiglottis

ii. Voice production (has the vocal folds)

V. Trachea

a. Mucosa and cartilage rings.

b. Trachealis

c. Carina

VI. Bronchi

a. Bronchial Tree

b. Terminal bronchioles

VII. Respiratory Bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> out pocketing alveoli

VIII. Alveoli

a. Respiratory membrane
 Nursing 202 Anatomy & Physiology
Lecture Guide February 26, 2019

b. Type I alveolar Cells

c. Type 2 Alveolar Cells.

d. Open pores (Pores of Kohn)

e. Alveolar macrophages

IX. Pulmonary Segments

a. Lobe

X. Vasculature

a. Pulmonary branch

b. Bronchial branch

c. Lymph vessels

XI. Innervation

a. Both Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

b. pain sensors

XII. Pleural Membranes

a. Visceral Pleura

b. Parietal pleura

c. Pleural Cavity

d. Hilum