Topic Overview

What is hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver . Most adults
who get it have it for a short time and then get better. This
is called acute hepatitis B.
Sometimes the virus causes a long-term infection, called
chronic hepatitis B. Over time, it can damage your liver.
Babies and young children infected with the virus are more
likely to get chronic hepatitis B.
You can have hepatitis B and not know it. You may not
have symptoms. If you do, they can make you feel like
you have the flu. But as long as you have the virus, you
can spread it to others.

What causes hepatitis B?

It's caused by the hepatitis B virus. It is spread through
contact with the blood and body fluids of an infected
person.
You may get hepatitis B if you:

 Have sex with an infected person without using

a condom.
 Share needles (used for injecting drugs) with an
infected person.
 Get a tattoo or piercing with tools that weren't
sterilized.
 Share personal items like razors or toothbrushes with
an infected person.
A mother who has the virus can pass it to her baby during
delivery. Medical experts recommend that
all pregnant women get tested for hepatitis B. If you have
the virus, your baby can get shots to help prevent infection
with the virus.
You cannot get hepatitis B from casual contact such as
hugging, kissing, sneezing, coughing, or sharing food or
drinks.

What are the symptoms?

Many people with hepatitis B don't know they have it,
because they don't have symptoms. If you do have
symptoms, you may just feel like you have the flu.
Symptoms include:

 Feeling very tired.

 Mild fever.
 Headache.
 Not wanting to eat.
 Feeling sick to your stomach or vomiting.
 Belly pain.
 Tan-colored bowel movements (stools).
 Dark urine.
 Yellowish eyes and skin (jaundice). Jaundice usually
appears only after other symptoms have started to go
away.

Most people with chronic hepatitis B have no symptoms.

How is hepatitis B diagnosed?

A simple blood test can tell your doctor if you have the
hepatitis B virus now or if you had it in the past. Your
doctor also may be able to tell if you have had
the vaccine to prevent the virus.
If your doctor thinks you may have liver damage from
hepatitis B, he or she may use a needle to take a tiny
sample of your liver for testing. This is called a liver
biopsy.
CONTINUED

How is it treated?
In most cases, hepatitis B goes away on its own. You can
relieve your symptoms at home by resting, eating healthy
foods, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding alcohol and
drugs. Also, find out from your doctor what medicines and
herbal products to avoid, because some can make liver
damage caused by hepatitis B worse.
Treatment for chronic hepatitis B depends on whether your
infection is getting worse and whether you have liver
damage. Most people with chronic hepatitis B can live
active, full lives by taking good care of themselves and
getting regular checkups. There are medicines for chronic
hepatitis B, but they may not be right for everyone. Work
with your doctor to decide if medicine is right for you.
Sometimes, chronic hepatitis B can lead to severe liver
damage. If this happens, you may need a liver transplant.

Can hepatitis B be prevented?

The hepatitis B vaccine is the best way to prevent
infection. The vaccine is a series of 3 or 4 shots. Adults at
risk and all babies, children, and teenagers should be
vaccinated.
A combination vaccine (Twinrix) that protects against both
hepatitis B and hepatitis A also is available.
To avoid getting or spreading the virus to others:

 Use a condom when you have sex.

 Don't share needles.
 Wear latex or plastic gloves if you have to touch
blood.
 Don't share toothbrushes or razors.
 Don't get a tattoo, or make sure that the needles used
have been cleaned properly and are sterile.

Frequently Asked Questions

 What is hepatitis B?
 What causes it?
 What are the symptoms?
 How is it spread?
 What increases my risk for hepatitis B?
 How can I prevent getting it?
 Is there a vaccine for it? (What is
a PDF document?)
Learning about hepatitis
 Who is affected by hepatitis B?
B:

Being diagnosed:  When should I see a doctor?

 How is hepatitis B diagnosed?
 Should I be tested for hepatitis B and C?

Getting treatment:  How is hepatitis B treated?

 What medicines are used to treat it?
 Should I take medicine for it?
 Do I need a liver transplant?

Living with hepatitis B:  What can I do at home for hepatitis B?

 Am I at risk for liver cancer?