AP CHEMISTRY Test Booklet

5.6 Reaction energy profile

Due to the presence of as an impurity, the combustion of some types of coal results in the formation of ,
as represented by the equation above. Also, can react with to form , as represented by the
equation below.

1. Which of the following diagrams shows the correctly labeled activation energy, , for the reaction between
and ?

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(A)

(B)

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(C)

(D)

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2. For parts of the free-response question that require calculations, clearly show the method used and the
steps involved in arriving at your answers. You must show your work to receive credit for your answer.
Examples and equations may be included in your answers where appropriate.

Hydrogen peroxide, , decomposes according to the equation above. This reaction is thermodynamically
favorable at room temperature.

(a) A particulate representation of the reactants is shown below in the box on the left. In the box below on the
right, draw the particulate representation of all the molecules that would be produced from these four reactant
molecules.

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

(b) Shown below is a potential energy diagram for the uncatalyzed decomposition of .

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(i) According to the diagram, is the decomposition reaction exothermic or endothermic? Justify your answer.

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

(ii) Manganese dioxide, , is an insoluble substance that acts as a catalyst for the decomposition
reaction. On the diagram above, draw a curve to represent the reaction as it occurs in the presence of .

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

A student investigates the decomposition reaction in the laboratory. The student prepares two small beakers,
adding of to each one. Each beaker is placed on an electronic balance. The
student adds of to the second beaker and records the mass of each beaker and its contents at
10-second intervals for one minute. The beakers and the data are shown below.

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Time Mass of Beaker 1 Mass of Beaker 2

(seconds) (grams) (grams)

(c) For beaker 2 during the 60-second period, calculate the following.

(i) The number of moles of that was produced

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

(ii) The mass of that decomposed

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

(d) The student continues the experiment for an additional minute. For beaker 2, will the mass of
consumed during the second minute be greater than, less than, or equal to the mass of consumed
during the first minute? Explain your answer referring to the data in the table.

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Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

(e) Based on the data, the student claims that the catalyzed reaction has zeroth-order kinetics. Do you agree with
the student’s claim? Justify your answer.

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

(f) A second student did the experiment using larger volumes of . The student noticed that
the reaction in beaker 2 proceeded extremely rapidly, causing some of the liquid to splash out of the beaker onto
the lab table. The student claims that as a result of the loss of the liquid from the beaker, the calculated number of
moles of produced is greater than the actual number of moles of produced during the first 60
seconds. Do you agree with the student? Justify your answer.

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

(g) The hydrogen peroxide used in this experiment can be prepared by the reaction of solid ammonium
peroxydisulfate, , with water. The products are hydrogen peroxide and ammonium
bisulfate . Write the balanced equation for the reaction.

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

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3. Answer each of the following in terms of principles of molecular behavior and chemical concepts.

a. The structures for glucose, C6H12O6 , and cyclohexane, C6H12 , are shown below.

Identify the type(s) of intermolecular attractive forces in

i. pure glucose

ii. pure cyclohexane

b. Glucose is soluble in water but cyclohexane is not soluble in water. Explain.

c. Consider the two processes represented below.

Process 1: H2O(l) → H2O(g) ∆H° = +44.0 kJ mol−1

Process 2: H2O(l) → H2(g) + ½ O2(g) ∆H° = +286 kJ mol−1

i. For each of the two processes, identify the type(s) of intermolecular or intramolecular attractive
forces that must be overcome for the process to occur.

ii. Indicate whether you agree or disagree with the statement in the box below. Support your
answer with a short explanation.

When water boils, H2O molecules break apart to form hydrogen molecules and oxygen
molecules.

d. Consider the four reaction-energy profile diagrams shown below.

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i. Identify the two diagrams that could represent a catalyzed and an uncatalyzed reaction pathway
for the same reaction. Indicate which of the two diagrams represents the catalyzed reaction
pathway for the reaction.

ii. Indicate whether you agree or disagree with the statement in the box below. Support your
answer with a short explanation.

Adding a catalyst to a reaction mixture adds energy that causes the reaction to proceed more
quickly.

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

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4. For parts of the free-response question that require calculations, clearly show the method used and the steps
involved in arriving at your answers. You must show your work to receive credit for your answer. Examples and
equations may be included in your answers where appropriate.

and can react to produce , as represented above. A proposed mechanism for the
reaction has two elementary steps, as shown below.

Step 1: (slow)

Step 2: (fast)

(a) Write a rate law for the overall reaction that is consistent with the proposed mechanism.

Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

(b) On the incomplete reaction energy diagram below, draw a curve that shows the following two details.

The relative activation energies of the two elementary steps

The enthalpy change of the overall reaction

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Please respond on separate paper, following directions from your teacher.

5.

Based on the bond energies shown in the table above, which of the following diagrams best represents the change in
energy as the reaction represented below proceeds?

H2(g)+ Cl2(g)→2HCl(g)

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(A)

(B)

(C)

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(D)

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