Resistor - Limits the flow of electric current

Capacitor - Stores and releases electrical energy

Inductor - Stores energy in a magnetic field

Diode - Allows current to flow in one direction only

Transistor - Amplifies or switches electronic signals

Integrated Circuit (IC) - Contains multiple electronic components on a single chip

Light Emitting Diode (LED) - Emits light when current passes through it

Voltage Regulator - Maintains a constant voltage level

Transformer - Changes voltage levels in AC circuits

Potentiometer - Variable resistor to adjust voltage or current

Relay - Electromechanical switch controlled by an electrical signal

Fuse - Protects circuits from overcurrent by melting when current exceeds a certain level

Battery - Stores electrical energy for portable devices

Thermistor - Temperature-sensitive resistor

Photodiode - Converts light into electrical current

Solar Cell - Converts sunlight into electrical energy

Crystal Oscillator - Generates precise frequency signals

Voltage Divider - Divides a voltage into smaller parts

Thermocouple - Measures temperature based on voltage produced by two different metals

Piezoelectric Transducer - Converts mechanical stress into electrical energy or vice versa

Relay - Electromagnetic switch activated by a current

Zener Diode - Regulates voltage by maintaining a constant output voltage

Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) - Amplifies voltage difference between its inputs

NAND Gate - Logic gate with output low only when all inputs are high

NOR Gate - Logic gate with output high only when all inputs are low

XOR Gate - Exclusive OR logic gate

AND Gate - Logic gate with output high only when all inputs are high

OR Gate - Logic gate with output high when any input is high

Triac - Semiconductor device for AC power control

Thyristor - Semiconductor device for controlling large amounts of power

Optocoupler - Isolates two circuits by using light to transmit signals

Varistor - Voltage-dependent resistor used for transient voltage suppression

Hall Effect Sensor - Detects magnetic fields

Microcontroller - Integrated circuit that contains a CPU, memory, and I/O peripherals

Voltage Comparator - Compares two voltages and outputs a digital signal indicating which is larger

Current Transformer - Steps down high current to a measurable level

Magnetic Reed Switch - Switch activated by a magnetic field

Voltage Reference - Provides a stable voltage output for use in precision circuits

MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) - Small mechanical and electromechanical systems

integrated with electronics

RFID Tag - Radio frequency identification device for wireless data transmission

PCB (Printed Circuit Board) - Provides mechanical support and electrical connections for electronic
components

RF Antenna - Transmits and receives radio frequency signals

Hall Effect Sensor - Measures magnetic field strength

Schottky Diode - Fast-switching diode with low forward voltage drop

Reed Relay - Relay operated by a magnetic field using a reed switch

Linear Voltage Regulator - Maintains a constant output voltage regardless of input voltage changes

Switch Mode Power Supply - Converts and regulates electrical power efficiently

Flyback Diode - Used to protect circuits from voltage spikes when switching off inductive loads

Heat Sink - Dissipates heat from electronic components

Speaker - Converts electrical signals into sound waves.