HYDROELECTRIC

POWER
BANOGBANOG, BARRIOS, BERCASIO,
CACHULEA, CADELINA
 TOPICS

1 2 3 4 5
Introduction to Benefits and How is Advantages and Future of
Hydroelectric Challenges Faced Hydroelectricity Disadvantages. Hydroelectric
Power Plants and by Hydroelectric produced( step Powerplants in
Current state of Powerplants in
by step) the Philippines.
Hydroelectric the Philippines.
Powerplants.
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Introduction
Hydropower or hydroelectric power is a renewable source
of energy that generates power by using a dam or any
other body type of water. Hydroelectric power
is generated by running the turbine blades by the energy
of the flowing water and thus producing electricity from
the generator coupled to the turbines. Hydroelectric
power plants all begins with a dam or reservoir,
strategically positioned to accumulate water from rivers or
streams, creating a significant height difference between
the water surface and the turbines below.

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 The Current State of
Hydroelectric Power in
the Philippines
The Philippines boasts a rich and enduring
history with hydroelectric power, dating back to the
early 20th century when the country commissioned
its first hydroelectric plant. Over the years, this
renewable energy source has flourished, and as of
2023, it is estimated that the country is home to
approximately 80 operational sizes of hydroelectric
power plants.

SOURCE:
https://powerefficiency.com/hydroelectric-power-plants/?fbclid=IwAR343pH-
4vhKm7sNu4suNALPLtGxSn__C9zxxioLfOXQvqx92_qixiClqZM

4
 The Philippines displayed a significant growth in power generation at 10%
from 82,413,213 MW in 2015 to 90,797,891 MW in 2016. Of this total
generation, 48% comes from coal, 22% comes from natural gas and 6%
comes from oil-based generation. The remaining 24% or about one-fourth
of the total power generation comes from renewable energy (RE) – based
generating facilities.

SOURCE:
https://www.do
e.gov.ph/power
-sector-situation

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CLASSIFICATION OF
HYRDOELECTRIC
POWER PLANTS

Hydroelectric power plants are

classified based on their capacities,
as follows: (i) micro-hydro - 1 to 100
kW; (ii) mini-hydro - 101 kW to 10
MW; and (iii) large hydro - more than
10 MW.

Source:https://www.doe.gov.ph/hydr
opower
 Hydroelectric Power Plant in the
Philippines

KALAYAAN SAN ROQUE-AGNO MAGAT PULANGUI IV

HYDROELECTRIC HYDROELECTRIC HYDROELECTRIC HYDROELECTRIC
POWER PLANT (736MW) POWER PLANT (435MW) POWER PLANT (388MW) POWER PLANT (255MW)

KALAYAAN LAGUNA AGNO PANGASINAN CAGAYAN VALLEY(1983) BUKIDNON

(1983) (2003) PROVINCE(1985)
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 Hydroelectric Power Plant in the
Philippines

ANGAT MAIN AGUS VI HYDRO CASECNAN PANTABANGAN-MASIWAY

HYRDOELECTRIC HYRDOELECTRIC HYDROELECTRIC POWER
ELECTRIC POWER PLANT (132MW)
POWER PLANT(218MW) PLANT(200MW) POWER PLANT(165MW)

CENTRAL LUZON(1967) ILIGAN CITY, LANAO DEL NUEVA ECIJA (2002) NUEVA ECIJA( 1977)
NORTE(1950)
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 S

The Benefits of Hydroelectric Power in the

Philippines

Hydroelectric power stands as a compelling and

attractive energy source for the Philippines, offering a
multitude of advantages that cater to the nation's
sustainable energy goals and environmental
commitments. The key benefits of hydroelectric power
include:

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 Sustainability and Renewability

One of the foremost advantages of hydroelectric power

lies in its inherent sustainability and renewability. Unlike
finite fossil fuel resources, hydroelectricity draws its
strength from the perpetual water cycle—a natural
process driven by rain and the flow of rivers.

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HYDROECLECTRIC
POWER
 Reduced Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Embracing hydroelectric power aligns
harmoniously with the Philippines' dedication to
combatting climate change and fulfilling its
commitments under the Paris Agreement. By
employing hydroelectricity as a clean energy
alternative, the country significantly reduces
greenhouse gas emissions

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 Environmental Conservation

Hydroelectric power plants are generally

designed to have minimal ecological impact on
their surroundings. By harnessing the energy
of flowing water, these plants avoid the
destructive consequences often associated
with mining or drilling for fossil fuels.

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 Energy Independence and
Security
The Philippines' reliance on imported fossil fuels for energy
has historically exposed the nation to the volatility of global
energy markets. By embracing hydroelectric power, the
country can significantly enhance its energy independence.
Harnessing the vast potential of its own water resources
empowers the Philippines to be less reliant on external
sources of energy, mitigating vulnerability to international
market fluctuations and fostering a more stable and secure
energy landscape.

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 Reliable and Flexible
Power Generation
Hydroelectric plants can be designed with storage capabilities,
using reservoirs to regulate water flow and electricity generation.
This provides a valuable asset in managing electricity supply and
demand fluctuations, ensuring a stable and consistent power
output. Hydroelectricity's flexibility also facilitates its integration
into the national grid, enabling a smooth transition to cleaner
energy and supporting a more resilient and efficient electricity
network.

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 Challenges Faced by
Hydroelectric Power in the
Philippines
The hydroelectric power industry in the Philippines,
while holding immense promise, confronts several
formidable challenges that necessitate careful
consideration and proactive management. These
challenges encompass a range of critical issues,
including:

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 Environmental and Social
Impact
The construction of large-scale hydroelectric
projects often presents complex environmental
and social challenges. Such endeavors can lead to
the transformation of vast areas of land, involving
the creation of reservoirs and dams. Consequently,
this may result in the potential displacement of
communities residing in the project's vicinity.

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 Dependence on Rainfall
Patterns
The efficacy of hydroelectric power plants is heavily
contingent on the consistency of rainfall patterns. Adequate
water flow and reservoir levels are essential to sustain
optimal power generation. However, climate change,
characterized by shifting weather patterns and irregular
rainfall, poses a formidable challenge to the reliability of this
power source. Extended periods of drought or excessive
rainfall can lead to fluctuations in water availability,
potentially affecting the plant's ability to maintain a steady
power output.
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 Financing and Infrastructure
Development

The establishment of hydroelectric power plants

necessitates substantial initial investments in infrastructure
development. Securing financing for these projects can be
complex, particularly when considering their long-term
nature and potential uncertainties associated with
environmental and social considerations. Additionally, the
geographic distribution of the Philippines' islands may pose
logistical challenges, requiring extensive transmission
networks to deliver the generated electricity to distant
regions.
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 Natural Disaster Resilience

Given the Philippines' susceptibility to natural disasters

such as typhoons and earthquakes, ensuring the
resilience and structural integrity of hydroelectric
infrastructure becomes imperative. Measures to
safeguard against extreme weather events and seismic
activities should be integrated into the design and
maintenance of hydroelectric projects to prevent
potentially catastrophic consequences and uphold the
reliability of this energy source.
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 THE FUTURE OF HYDROELECTRIC
POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES.

Despite the challenges posed by the hydroelectric power

industry in the Philippines, the future of this renewable
energy source shines with promise. The concerted efforts
of both the government and private sector are paving the
way for advancements and innovations to overcome
existing obstacles and capitalize on abundant
opportunities.

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How is
Hydroelectricity
produced?
Here is where your
presentation begins
Hydro Power Plant Layout or
Construction
The following Construction or Layout of Hydro Power Plant:

1.Headpond or Reservoir 6. Tail Race

2.Control gate 7.Transmission Line
3.Penstock 8.Generator
4.Turbine 9.Transformer
5.Draft Tube 10.PowerHouse
1. Headpond:
There is one reservoir which is having a large
area in which A huge amount of water is
being stored here. So, the energy here is in
the form of Potential energy.

2. Control Gate:
There are having multiple control gates in a
single hydro power plant. The work of control
gate is to regulate the flow of water. When
the control gate is fully opened the speed of
water flowing is maximum.
3. Penstock:
The penstock is also called Pipe. The water
stored at the dam or head pond is being released
by the control gate, the water starts moving to
the turbine. The Head pond is having high
heights, and the Turbine is situated below.
So, the speed of water gets increased because
of gravitational force. The material of the
penstock is hard steel being used.

4. Valve and Nozzle:

The valve work is similar to the control gate and
Nozzle work is striking water in a specific
direction [Pressure is high] that is a turbine
blade.
5. Surge tank:
Surge tank is an additional and essential component
which is used to accumulate the water which is in pipe
when we want to close the turbine working. Or you can
say it is used for avoiding the pipe burst.

6. Turbine:
Turbine is a device which is used for generation of
electricity. Turbine work is, the fluid having kinetic
energy is being converted into rotational energy.
The high kinetic energy water comes through the
penstock to the nozzle and strikes the turbine blades.
The turbine blades start rotating. So, the rotational
energy can also be called mechanical energy.
7. Draft Tube:
Drat tube is mechanical component which is used for
enlarging the area of pipe for sending maximum fluid
to the other side.

8. Tail Race:
Tailrace carries water away from the plant.

Hence the water is sent to the river .

9. Generator:
When the turbine buckets starts rotating, the turbine
shafts also rotating. the motors are attached to the
turbine shafts which is also rotating, and generator is
attached to them which generates electricity.
10. Transformer:
The transformer is attached to the generator. The
electricity generated is now controlled by the
transformer. The work of transformer is to set up or set
down the voltage.
11. Transmission Line:
The transmission line carries power from the power unit
or transformer and transfers or supplies from one
source to another. It is made up of conductor.
12. Power House:
The name power house means there is a house in
which the power is being stored ]and released to the
transformer and so on.
 How does hydroelectric power plant works?
In a large amount of water is available or you can say a river. The water is
being stored in the reservoir which is in the form of potential energy. With the
use of the control gate, the water is being released and water starts flowing
into the penstock. Here two components are attached 1. Surge tank, Valve, and
Nozzle.
Initially, the valve is closed. But when the water reaches up to the max level
that can create high pressure then we on the valves. The water with high
pressure starts flowing and strikes to the turbine blades through the nozzle.
The turbine blades start rotating. So, till now, we observed the water which
is having PE is now converting into KE.
 In the turbine blade, an electric motor is attached to the turbine shafts.
So, rotation of turbine blades also rotates the turbine shafts, which also
rotates the electric motor. Hence Kinematic energy into mechanical energy
and then further it is converted into electric energy.
The energy generated is sent to the powerhouse, transformer, and
Transmission line.
The water which is rotating the turbine blades is now sent to the river via
a tailrace.
The hydropower plant is constructed to store the water in a large
amount. When the water reaches up to the max level then it is being
released which also causes the flood in some area (due to sudden release of
water).
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVATAGES OF
HYDROELECTRIC POWER

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 ADVANTAGES
RENEWABLE EMISSION FREE RELIABLE

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 ADVANTAGES
ADJUSTABLE CREATE LAKES LAND DEVELOPMENT

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 DISADVANTAGES
IMPACT TO ECOSYSTEM LIMITED LOCATIONS RISK OF DROUGHTS

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 DISADVANTAGES
HIGH INITIAL COST RISK OF FLOOD METHANE EMISSION

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 THE FUTURE OF HYDROELECTRIC
POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES.
Government Policies and Initiatives
The Philippine government has demonstrated a keen understanding
of the strategic significance of renewable energy in fostering
sustainable development. With a commitment to promoting clean
energy sources, including hydroelectric power, the government has
instituted a series of policies and initiatives to propel the sector
forward. A pivotal milestone in this endeavor is the Renewable Energy
Act of 2008, a comprehensive legislation aimed at incentivizing and
supporting the development and utilization of renewable energy
sources across the nation. By fostering an enabling environment
through supportive regulations and financial incentives, the
government is spurring greater interest and investment in the
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hydroelectric sector. Presentation title 20XX
 THE FUTURE OF HYDROELECTRIC
POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES.
Investment in Research and Technology
To enhance the efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of
hydroelectric power plants, substantial investments are being
channeled into cutting-edge research and technology. A key focus
area is the improvement of turbine designs, seeking to maximize
power output while minimizing environmental disturbances.
Researchers and engineers are exploring innovative ways to strike a
balance between energy production and ecological conservation, with
a keen eye on mitigating potential impacts on local ecosystems and
communities. Embracing state-of-the-art technology allows the
Philippines to optimize the performance of existing hydroelectric
facilities and lay the foundation for future projects that exemplify
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environmental responsibility. Presentation title 20XX
 THE FUTURE OF HYDROELECTRIC
POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES.
Environmental Stewardship and Mitigation
Conscious of the environmental and social challenges posed by
large-scale hydroelectric projects, stakeholders are proactively
pursuing mitigation measures to protect sensitive ecosystems and
communities. Advanced environmental impact assessments are
conducted to understand potential ramifications before undertaking
construction. This approach facilitates the development of projects
that respect ecological balance, mitigate impacts on biodiversity, and
foster sustainable coexistence with local communities.

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 THE FUTURE OF HYDROELECTRIC
POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES.
The Role of Mini and Micro Hydro Systems
While large-scale hydroelectric plants face their share of challenges,
mini and micro-hydro systems have emerged as a compelling and
environmentally friendly alternative. These smaller-scale hydroelectric
facilities, designed to operate on local water resources, offer distinct
advantages. They exhibit a lower environmental and social footprint,
as their construction typically involves smaller reservoirs and reduced
land usage. Mini and micro-hydro systems are particularly well-suited
for rural and remote areas, where they can serve as decentralized
sources of power, bringing electricity to communities that might be
challenging to reach through conventional means.
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