Name : saurabh kakade

MBA:MM (“A”)
Roll no :MITU22MBAM0047

ASSIGNMENT 5
Muda is a Japanese term that refers to waste or non-value-added activities in a
process or system. There are seven common types of Muda, often referred to as
the "Seven Wastes." Here is an example for each type of Muda:
1. Transport (T): Transport waste refers to the unnecessary movement of
materials or products.
Example: Excessive movement of materials or products within a facility, which
increases the risk of damage and consumes time and resources.
Example: Producing more goods than customer demand, leading to excess
inventory, storage costs, and potential obsolescence.
2. Inventory (I): Inventory waste is the excess storage of materials or
products.
Example: Maintaining excessive stock of raw materials, work-in-progress, or
finished goods, tying up capital and increasing the risk of obsolescence.
Example: Inconsistent production schedules that result in fluctuations in
workforce, overworking during peak times, and underutilization of resources
during low demand periods.
3. Motion (M): Motion waste is related to unnecessary movements of
people.
Example: Excessive and unnecessary physical movements by employees to
complete tasks, which can lead to fatigue, errors, and reduced productivity.
 4. Waiting (W): Waiting waste occurs when people or processes are idle
due to delays.
Example: Idle time for employees or equipment while waiting for materials,
information, or approval to continue the work process.
5. Overproduction (O): Overproduction waste happens when more
products are produced than are needed or before they are needed.
For example, it’s wasteful to produce more than what can be shipped out
and delivered.
6. Overprocessing (P): Overprocessing waste is the use of more resources
or effort than necessary to produce a product.
Example: Producing more goods than customer demand, leading to excess
inventory, storage costs, and potential obsolescence.
7. Defects (D): Defects waste involves the rework, scrap, or defects in the
products or services produced.
Example: In any software development, if a team develops a feature with
multiple bugs or errors that need to be fixed, it represents defects waste.

Reducing or eliminating these types of waste is a core principle of Lean

Manufacturing and other process improvement methodologies. By identifying
and addressing these wastes, organizations can become more efficient and cost-
effective.