HIS 007

LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

Why is it important the life ● In 1956, 60 years after

and works of Rizal and Rizal’s death in 1896,
other heroes? Rizal Law was
promulgated.
The contribution they ● In 1969, Carlos P.
give to the country is Romulo ordered the
priceless. The youth only course Rizal to be
know a little about their lives offered as a 3-unit
and works yet we are already course and as a
moved, what if we dig pre-requisite for
deeper into this? graduation.
Legal basis of Rizal
● We will learn many course:
lesson and inspirations ➢ This course covers
with their works. the life and works
● The love they give for of Jose Rizal.
the country. Topics included:
● Pen is mightier than - Rizal’s biography
the sword. - his writings,
especially Noli Me
Tangere and El
Why study Rizal? Filibusterismo,
his essays, and
It is important that students various
understand why they have correspondences.
to take it up on college. ➢ Requires the
teaching of Rizal
Hero - a person who is and orders the
admired for having done reproduction and
something very brave or reading of the
having achieved something uncut versio of his
great. two novels.
➢ Made the reading
of the novels
Legislation of Rizal Law obligatory.
● Also known as R.A.
1425. Jose Protacio
● Jose P. Laurel is the
father of Rizal Law. ● His full name is Jose
● Former Vice President Protacio Rizal
Salvador Laurel, sone Mercado Alonzo y
of Jose Laurel, Realonda.
facilitated the proper ● He has 6 names.
placement of Rizal Law ● Pepe to his family and
in the academe. friends.
● Pepe Rizal to the midnight, a few days
family’s friar-friends. before full moon. It was
● Dr. Jose Rizal as a Wednesday and my
medical practitioner. coming out in this vale
● Dr. Jose Rizal, Jose of tears would have
Rizal, or Rizal in the cost my mother her life
academe. had she not vowed to
● Lolo Jose for his great the Virgin of Antipolo
grandchildren.. to take me to her
● Joe for his live-in sanctuary by way of
partner, Josephine pilgrimage.” (Zaide,
Bracken. 1997).
● He was born on June ● Fr. Rufino Collantes,
19, 1861. who baptized Rizal,
● The 7th child of Don was impressed of the
Francisco Mercado baby;’s big head, and
and Doña Teodora told the family, “Take
Alonso. care of this child, for
● He was christened someday he will
Jose Protacio in honor become a great man.”
of two saints: Saint
Joseph, a saint
devoted by his mother, Why chose Rizal as a family
and Saint Protacio, name?
patron saint for June
19. ● The great grandfather
● In the book In Excelsis of Jose Rizal was a
by Felice Prudente Chinese merchant
Santa Maria, Saint Domingp Lamco, who
Joseph was the later on adopted the
putative father of Jesus surname Mercado.
Christ. In Latin, San ● Many families in
Jose’s name is always Laguna adopted the
followed by the letters family name Mercado.
‘P.P’ for pater ● To distinguish
putativus and the Lamco-Mercado from
letter ‘P’ is pronounced other Mercados who
‘peh’ giving rise to the are not related to
nickname Pepe. them, the alcade
mayor (a family friend)
suggested addition of
Pepe’s Big Head another surname,
RIzal.
● Rizal almost died ● Domingo
during the delivery Lamco-Mercado was a
because of his big merchant while
head. Francisco
● As he recounted many Mercardo-Rizal was a
years later in his farmer.
student memoirs: “I ● The family name Rizal,
was born in Calamba ricial in Spanish,
on June 19, 1861, means ‘green fields’ or
between 11 o’clock and “a field where wheat
 stalks are cut still ● Rizal loved Calamba
green, to sprout again with all his heart and
(Daquila, 2009). soul.
● In 1876, when he was 15
years old, he wrote a
The child Rizal poem Un Recuerdo A
● 7th among the 11 Mi Pueblo (In Memory
children of his parents. of My Town) in
● He was a frail, sickly, remembrance of his
and undersized child. beloved town.
● He experienced his first
sorrow when his
younger sister Earliest Childhood
Conception died at Memories
age 3.
● He fears when his ● Rizal’s first memory
nanny threatened that was his happy days in
aswang, tikbalang, the family garden
and heavy-bearded when he was 3 years
Bombay would take old.
away if he would not ● His father built a little
eat his supper. nipa cottage for him to
● Rizal was afraid of play in the daytime.
ghosts-like Pepe. ● A kind old woman was
● He learned the employed as an AYA
alphabet at the age of (maid) to look after
3 from his mother. him.
● Rizal was a happy ● Another childhood
student, he loved memory was the daily
school. Angelus Prayer, where
● He wrote his first poem every nightfall, his
entitled “Sa Aking mother would gather
Mga Kababata” at 8 all the children to pray.
years old. ● Rizal wrote: “Thus my
● Singing is not his cup heart fed on somber
of tea. and melancholy
● He was influenced by thoughts so that even
his three uncles - Jose, while still a child, I
Gregorio, and Manuel. already wandered on
wings of fantasy in the
high regions of the
Childhood Days unknown,” in
remembrance of his
● Rizal had many walks with aya in the
beautiful childhood moonlight river.
memories.
● Calamba, Laguna is
also known as the First Sorrow
“Craddle of a Genius.”
● Laguna de Bay, “a ● The Rizal children were
lake of poems and bound together by ties
songs.” of love and
companionship.
● Of his sisters, Jose a civilian government,
loved Concha typically to restore
(Conception) the order.
most. ● Declared in an
● He was a year older emergency, in a
than Concha. response to a crisis, or
● Concha died of to control occupied
sickness in 1865, at the territory.
age of 3. ● When it is declared,
civil liberties may be
suspended.
Influnence on Heroe’s ● This accompanies
Boyhood curfews, suspension of
civil law, civil rights,
Hereditary Influence habeas corpus, amd
Environmental Influence the application or
Aid of Divine Providence extension of military
law or military justice
to civilians.
Rizal’s Uncles
Fasicm - a way of
Gregorio organizing a society in
- was a lover of books. which a givernment ruled
- he instilled into Jose’s by a dictator controls the
mind a great love for lives of the people and in
books. which people are not
allowed to disagree with
Jose the government.
- the youngest brother
of Doña Teodora, who Proclamation of Martial
had been educated Law: On September 21,
at Calcutta, India. 1972, Ferdinand E. Marcos
- encouraged his placed the Philippines
nephew to paint, under martial law. The
sketch, and declaration issued under
sculpture. Proclamation 1081
suspended the civil rights
Manuel and imposed military
- was a big, strong, and authority in the country.
husky man. He defended the need to
- he looked after the proclaim martial law due
physical training of to the rising violence
Rizal. allegedly caused by
- encouraged Rizal to communists. The plan
learn swimming, was to leas the country
fencing, wrestling, into what he calls “New
and other sports. Society.”
Jo-Ed K. Tirol, Ph.D.
Martial Law wrote on his Facebook
account the “The
● A law administered by Nightmare that was
the military rather than Martial Law”
School Days 17, 1871, Rizal boarded
the steamer, Talim.
● Rizal at three learned ● Arturo Camps, an old
his ABC’s on the knees friend of his father was
of his mother. in-charge of the ship.
● In 1869, Don Francisco
sent Jose to Biñan to
continue his studies. Pepe’s Fight with a Bully
● He was accompanied
by his brother, Paciano, ● Jose was serious and
and reached Biñan touchy.
after one-and-a-half ● Though small and
hours using a short, he would not
carromata. allow himself to be
● Paciano took Jose to bullied.
the house of Maestro ● He would keep silent
Justiniano Aquino as much as possible
Cruz, his former except when provoked.
teacher. ● He would not forget
Pedro, the son of the
school master, and
Activities in Biñan Andres Salandanan,
who nearly broke his
● Rizal’s activities were arm.
systematical and
methodical.
● His manner of life waas Life and Studies at Ateneo
simple.
● Beside the house pof Ateneo Municipal
Rizal’s teacher was the - A college under the
house of an old painter supervision of the
who was called Spanish Jesuits.
Juancho. - Formerly known as
EscuelaPia, a charity
school for poor boys
To Calamba in Manila which was
established by the
● Rizal was city gov’t in 1817 and
extra-ordinarily gifted. later became Ateneo
● Sooner, Maestro de Manila.
Justiniano sent him
home for he had ● The Jesuits were
learned all there was to considered the best
be taught to his place. educators of Spain and
● In December 1871, his Europe so they were
sister Saturnina sent permitted to return in
him a letter informing the Philippines.
him of the arrival of the ● They had to apply for
steamship Talim which subsidies that’s why
would take him to the college began to
Calamba. function in 1865 was
● At one o’clock on called Ateneo
Saturday, December Municipal.
● Since Mercado, the Rizal from
family’s first surname writing.
had come unders ○ Despite his
suspicion because it resentment on
was used by Paciano the remarks of
who studies and Fr. Vilaclara,
worked with Father Rizal did not
Burgos, Jose adopted allow criticisms
the second surname to dampen his
Rizal. fascination in
literature.
Rizal Enters Ateneo ○ He continued
➢ Father Margin writing and
Fernando, the secretly sent
college registrar his
refused to admit composition to
Jose Rizal because: Fr. Sanchez.
○ he was late for
registration; Jesuit System of
and Education
○ he was sickly
and Reasons why Jesuit
undersized for System was advance
his age. than other colleges:
➢ Because of the help
of Manuel Xeres 1. It trained the
Burgos (nephew of character of
Fr. Burgos), Rizal students by rigid
was admitted in discipline and
Ateneo. religious
➢ The first teacher of instruction.
Rizal in Ateneo was 2. It promotes
Father Jose Bech. physical culture,
➢ He had two humanities, and
teachers he could scientific studies.
not forget: 3. Aside from
○ Francisco de academic courses
Paula leading to AB, it
Sanchez, a offers vocational
young, upright, course in
serious, and agriculture,
one who commerce,
rejoiced at the mechanics, and
advancement surveying.
of his students. 4. They were given
○ Fr. Jose splendid professors.
Vilaclara, a 5. They acquired
teacher in prestige as an
philosophy excellent college
and sciences for boys.
found poetry
useless, and ➢ In the first two
discouraged terms, the classes
 were divided into becaame an
groups of interns Emperor and
and externs. received excellent
➢ The first grades and a gold
constituted the medal.
Roman Empire ➢ He returned to
and the second, the Calamba at March
Carthaginian 1874 for vacation.
Empire. ➢ On his third year
➢ Each empire had (1874 - 1875), he
five dignitaries; only got 1 medal on
Emperor, Tribune, his Latin subject
Decurion, and returned to
Centurion, and Calamba on March
Standard-Bearer. 1875.
➢ These dignities ➢ He became an
were won by internee in Ateneo
means of individual on his fourth year
competitions in (1875 - 1876).
which it was ➢ On his last year
necessary to catch (1876 - 1877), he
one’s adversary in won 5 medals and
error three times. topped in all
➢ At the end of each subjects. He
week or two, the returned to
points in favor of Calamba on March
each were added 1876.
and the empire, ➢ Rizal became the
which obtain more pride of the Jesuits
point, was declared and he obtained
winner. highest grades in
➢ As a newcomer, all subjects,
Jose was at first put receiving the
at the tail of the degree of Bachelor
class, but was soon of Arts with highest
promoted and kept honors.
on being promoted
until he attained
the rank of First Romance of Rizal
Emperor at the end
of the month. ● Shortly after his college
➢ At the end of the graduation, at 16, he
term, he obtained experienced his first
marks of excellent romance— “that
in all the subjects painful experience
and examinations, which comes to nearly
so he went home to all adolescent.”
see his mother in ● Segunda Katigbak is
prison and told her the girl who stole
the good news. Rizal’s heart— a pretty
➢ On his second year 14 year old Batangueña
in Ateneo (1873 - from Lipa.
1874), he again
● He used to know rector of Ateneo, who
Segunda from his had been good to him
friend Mariano during his student days
Katigbak, brother of in that college, asking
Segunda, during Rizal’s for advice on the choice
visit to Segunda’s of career, however, the
place—La Concordia Father Rector was not
College. around at that time.
● This love story didnt ● During his first-year
last long as Segunda term (1877 - 1878), he
was already engaged studied Cosmology,
to be married to Metaphysics, Theodicy,
Manuel Luz, her and History of
townmate. Philosophy.
● The last time they ● It was during the
talked was before the following term (1878 -
Christmas vacation on 1879) that he took up
1877. medicine.
● “Well, good-bye. ● The reasons why he
Anyway-I’ll see you studies medicine were;
when you pass ○ he wanted to be
Calamba on your way able to cure his
to Lipa,” was Rizal’s last mother’s failing
words to Segunda. eyesight; and
○ Father Pablo Ramon
finally answered his
At the University of Santo letter,
Tomas recommending
medicine.
● Rizal’s first tragic
romance did not
adversely affect his Romances with Other Girls
studies.
● His love for education ● Despite the academic
proved to be greater studies in UST and
than his love for a extracurricular
pretty girl. activities in Ateneo,
● Being nearly 16, in April Rizal had ample time
1877, Rizal for love.
matriculated in the ● He was a romantic
University of Santo dreamer who liked to
Tomas, taking sip the “nectar of
Philosophy and Letters. love.”
● He enrolled in this ● He courted a young
course for two reasons; woman in Calamba,
○ his father liked it; simply calling her
and “Miss L,” describing
○ he was still her as “fair with
“uncertain as to seductive and
what career to attractive eyes.”
follow.” ● After several visits in
● He had written to her house, he stopped
Father Pablo Ramon, his wooing.
● During his sophomore ● Leonor was born in
year at USt, he boarded Camiling, Tarlac, on
in the house of Doña April 11, 1876.
Concha Leyva in ● She was a frail,
Intramuros. beautiful, “tender as a
● The neighbors were budding flower with
Captain Juan and kindly, wistful eyes.”
Capitana Sanday ● They became engaged.
Valenzuela, parents of ● In her letters to Rizal,
a charming girl named leonor signed her
Leonor. name as “Taimis” in
● He courted Leonor, order to hide their
who was a tall girl, relationship.
“almost as tall as Jose
himself.”
● He sent her love notes Victim of Spanish Officer’s
written in invisible ink, Brutality
consisted of common
table salt and water ● Rizal got his first taste
and it left no trace in of Spanish brutality
the paper. when he was a
● He taught Orang how freshman medical
to read the note by student at UST.
heating it over a candle ● One dark night in
or lamp so the lettering Calamba, summer
may appear. vacation in 1880, he
● He gave Leonor a pet was walking in the
name of Orang. street. He dimly
● Just like with Segunda, perceived a figure of a
he stopped short of man while passing him
proposing marriage to and not knowing who
Orang. the person was, he did
● Rizal’s next romance not salute or say a
was with another courteous “Good
Leonor – Leonor Rivera Evening.” the vague
– his cousin from figure was a lieutenant
Camiling. of the Guardia Civil. He
● In 1879, the start of his turned upon Rizal, and
junior year, he lived at slashed him on the
Casa Tomasina, a back.
boarding house ● He reported the
manage by his uncle incident to General
Antonio Rivera, at No. Primo de Rivera, the
6 Calle Santo Tomas, Spanish
Intramuros. Governor-General at
● His landlord-uncle had that time but nothing
a pretty daughter, came out of his
Leonor, a student at La complaint because he
Concordia College, was an indio.
where Soledad (Rizal’s ● In his letter to
younger sister) studied. Blumentritt on March
21, 1887, he related: “I
went to the Captain
 General but I could not obsolete and
obtain any justice; my repressive.
wound lasted two 4. He failed to win high
weeks.” scholastic honors due
to the attitude of his
professors.
Rizal, the Champion of
Filipino Students
Rizal’s Decision to Study
● In their fights against Abroad
arrogant Spanish
students who would ● He did not seek his
call them “Indio, parents’ permission
chongo!”, they would because he knew they
retaliate “Kastila, would disapprove.
bangus!” ● He didn’t tell Leonor
● Rizal participated in because he knew she
street brawls. couldn’t keep a secret.
● In 1880, he founded a ● He believed that
secret society of professors in Spain
Filipino students in were more liberal and
UST called he was disgusted with
Compañerismo the method of
(Comradeship), where instruction in UST.
members were called ● He decided to finish his
“Companions of Jehu.” studies in Spain
● Rizal was the chief and because the
his cousin from government of Spain
Batangas, Galicano at that time was
Apacible was the constitutional
secretary. monarch, which
● When Rizal was granted human rights
wounded, Leonor to people.
Rivera would aid and ● His another reason was
wash his wound. his “secret mission.”

Unhappy Days at UST Decision to go to Spain

Rizal was unhappy in the ● After finishing the
Dominican institution fourth year of his
because: medical course, Rizal
decided to go to study
1. The Dominican in Spain.
professors were hostile ● His brother and two
to him. sisters, Saturnina
2. Filipino students were (Neneng) and Lucia,
racially discriminated approved his decision.
against by the ● Rizal’s secret mission
Spaniards. was to observe the
3. The method of following:
instruction was ○ Life and culture in
Europe.
 ○ Languages and First trip to Suez Canal
customs.
○ Industries and ● Rizal boarded
commerce. Djemnah, a French
○ Governments and steamer, larger and
laws of European clearer than the
nations. Salvadora.
● He tried to speak
French but passengers
Departure for Spain could not understand
him.
● Rizal’s departure was ● After a week, he
kept secret to avoid reached Point de Galle
detection by the and docked at
Spanish authorities Colombo Ceylon.
and the friars. ● It was a difficult trip
● He departed on May 3, because of the stormy
1882 boarded the weather. He was sea
Salvadora with the sick.
following route: Manila ● He arrived at the
- Singapore - Colombo terminal of Suez Canal
- Suez Canal - Naples on June 2.
and Marseiles - ● Suez Canal is
Barcelona. man-made waterway
● Only Antonio Rivera, which was constructed
Paciano, his sisters, and by the Famous
some close friends French-man.
knew his departure. ● Rizal reached Naples
● Paciano gave him on June 11.
P700. ● Night of June 12, the
● Saturnina gave him a steamer docked at the
diamond ring. French Harbor of
● An allowance of P35 Marseilles and stayed
per month was there for 3 days.
promised by Paciano ● He visited the Chateau
through Uncle Antonio. d’lf, where Dantes, the
● He used a passport hero in The Count of
named Jose Mercado. Monte Cristo was
imprisoned.
● He took train from
Singapore Marseilles to
Barclenona.
● He was the only ● He reached his
Filipino on board. destination —
● He was impressed by Barcelona on June 16,
Singapore’s progress 1882.
and beautiful sights. ● The Filipinos in
● Rizal stayed at Hotel de Barcelona welcomed
Paz for two days. Rizal.
● They threw a party at
their favorite café in
Plaza de Cataluna.
Rizal Moves to Madrid ● He made a poem
entitled A La Senorita
● Rizal received a sad C.O. y P. to express his
news about the cholera admiration for her.
that was ravaging ● He backed out from his
Manila and the romance with
provinces. Consuelo as he was still
● Another sad news was engaged with Leonor
he received was from and his friend and
Chengoy (Jose M. co-worker in the
Cecilio) telling how Propaganda
Leonor was getting Movement , Eduardo
thinner because of the de Lete was madly in
absence of a love one. love with Consuelo.
● Upon Paciano’s advise,
Rizal left Barcelona in Other activities of Rizal in
the fall of 1882 and Madrid
established himself in
Madrid. ● Rizal joined Circulo
● He enrolled at Hispano-Filipino, a
Universidad Central society of liberal
de Madrid (Central Spaniards and
University of Madrid) Filipinos.
on November 3, 1882 ● He wrote a pom
and took 2 courses; entitled “Me Piden
Medicine and Versos” (They ask me
Philosophy and for Verses).
Letters. ● His another reason
● His only vice was was his “secret
taking part in the mission.”
Madrid lottery . ● Freemasonry or the
Masons were a secret
society composed of
Consuelo Ortiga y Perez liberal and republican
Spaniards in Spain.
● During his stay in They openly nd freely
Madrid, he would criticized the
frequently visit the government policies.
home of Don Pablo ● In March 1883, Rizal
Ortiga y Rey who lived joined the Masonic
with his son Rafael and Lodge called Acacia in
daughter Consuelo. Madrid. His masonic
● Don Pablo was a name was
former city mayor of Dimasalang. He then
Manila during the transferred to La
administration od the Solidaridad where he
liberal governor became a Master
general Carlos Ma. De Mason.
la Torre. ● Two reasons why he
● Rizal was attracted by became a mason:
Consuelo’s beauty and ○ The bad friars in the
vivacity. Philippines
unworthy of their
 ○ priestly habit or ● He also finished his
calling. studies in Philosophy
○ He needed the help and Letters and was
of other masons to awarded the degree on
fight the bad friars June 19, 1885, on his
in the Philippines 24th birthday.
(it was a shield to ● He became qualified to
use in his fight be a professor of
against the evil humanities in any
forces of tyranny). Spanish university.
● In Barcelona, Rizal
wrote a nationalistic
Completion of Studies essay entitled “Amor
Patrio” (Love for
● Rizal passed all Country). He wrote this
subjects on A.Y. 1884 - essay on the request of
1885 leading to the his friend, Basilio
degree of Doctor of Teodoro Moran, a
Medicine. publisher of the first
● He was awarded the bilingual (Spanish and
Degree pf Licentiiate in Tagalog) newspaper in
Medicine by the UCM Manila, the Diariong
on June 21, 1884. Tagalog on August 20,
● However, he was not 1882. He wrote the
awarded his Doctors essay using the pen
Diploma because he name Laong Laan.
did not present his ● The essay caused a stir
thesis nor paid the among the readers.
corresponding fees.