Strategic Emergency

Preparedness,
Response, Recovery

Construction Safety Training

Llanne J. Concepcion
OSH Practitioner

liannejc@gmail.com
 Objectives

• Define emergency preparedness

and its relevance to practice
• Identify common medical
emergencies in construction
• Recognize different strategies for
capability building of workers
 Workplace emergency

• A workplace emergency is a situation that threatens

workers, customers, or the public; disrupts or shuts down
operations; or causes physical or environmental damage.

• Emergencies may be natural or man-made, and may

include hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, floods,
wildfires, winter weather, chemical spills or releases,
disease outbreaks, releases of biological agents,
explosions involving nuclear or radiological sources, and
many other hazards
…is a phenomenon that poses threat to
the people, structure or economic assets
and which may cause a disaster. It could
be natural or man-made.
………. are conditions, locations,
characteristics, habits that render a
community prone to suffer from the
effects of hazard that turns into a
disaster.
 Risk
• is the probability of harmful consequences
or expected losses, resulting from
interaction between natural or human-
made hazards and vulnerable conditions
Capacity
• refers to the ability of people,
organizations and society as a whole to
manage their affairs successfully.
Need for emergency preparedness
• Reduces the extent and severity of work
related injuries and illnesses
• Improves employee morale and
productivity
• Reduces worker’s compensation costs
 Key Aspects

• Emergency Preparedness Plan

• Escape Routes and Assembly Points
• Site Emergency equipment – availability and
inspection
• Assigning duties and responsibilities
• Regular Emergency Drills
 Emergency Preparedness Plan
Objectives
To minimize the possibility of panic
To enable employees to leave an endangered place
in the shortest practicable time
To enable EC –employee to response in the shortest
practicable time
Effective Emergency Preparedness Planning required that all
employees be made familiar with emergency procedures before crisis
situation happens
Emergency Preparedness
• Administration – designated EP coordinator
• Training
– Disaster/environmental response
– Emergency communication
– Fire prevention and control
– Hazardous substance spills response
– Reporting requirements
– Terrorist/sabotage response
 4 Elements of Emergency Response
Planning

• Main aim should be in

Preparedness
preventing an
emergency occurring • Training on fire, first aid,
and key elements of
emergency plan
• Coordinated response
Recovery
with roles defined and
effective internal and • A quick and smooth
external communication return to normal
with people as the 1st business operations
priority

Prevention Response
 Emergency Prevention/Mitigation
measures taken in advance to reduce impact

• Hazard ID and Risk Assessment

• Enforcement-use : zoning laws/ordinances,
land use, building and fire codes
• Educating
• Integrating: HIRA, researches and studies in
development plans
• Mainstreaming : development of policies,
plans, programs
Emergency Preparedness
measures taken to predict various emergencies and prepare people
to react appropriately
• Planning : DM plan, contingency plans, SOPs,
mutual aid
• Advocacy : information dissemination thru
media, enhancing awareness through
forecast/briefing/posting
• Education and training : drills, demonstrations
• Resources : capacity building in terms of the 5
“M”s – manpower, materials, methods, machine
and money
Emergency Response
is a cyclical process, involving repeated assessment, planning, action
and review, to respond appropriately to needs and capacities as they
evolve
Declaring an
emergency

Trending to Evacuating
casualties workers

Response
Obtaining Obtaining
help from internal
external emergency
resources resources
Initiating
emergency
rescues
Emergency Recovery
rebuilding destroyed property, e-employment and the repair of
other essential infrastructure
• Short term/temporary measures
– Restoring necessary lifeline systems (e.g.
power, communications, water & sewage,
transportation, etc.)
– Providing for basic human needs (food,
clothing, shelter)
• Long term measures
– Restoring economic activity
– Rebuilding community facilities and housing
Escape Routes and Assembly Points
Site Emergency equipment
availability and inspection

Fire Environmental
Fire hydrants
Extinguisher spill kit

Safety shower
First Aid Emergency
and eyewash
Equipment communication
stations
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT  S & H Policy
ORGANIZATION  Joint S & H Committee
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Accident Reports/Medical Records/Safety Inspections/MSDS/JHA/WEM

HAZARD CONTROL
Unsafe Conditions Unsafe Acts
Good housekeeping (5S) Education Visual Awareness
Preventive Maintenance Safety Orientation Posters
Engineering Control Job Instruction Signs
Machine Safeguards Bulletin Boards
Substitution Short Meeting Motivation
Isolation Toolroom Meeting Positive Reinforcement
Ventilation Awards Recognition
Administrative Control Negative Reinforcement
PPE Discipline
MONITORING
Safety Inspection/work Environment Measurement
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
Fire/Chemical Spill/Flood etc.

PROGRAM EVALUATION
First Aid in Construction
Construction Safety Training
Llanne J. Concepcion
 HELP EMERGENCY!

What would you

do if…
 Objectives of First Aid

To alleviate Prevent further

Prolong life
suffering injury or danger
Mind test
True or False
• After an accident, immediately move the
victim to a comfortable position
• If a person is bleeding, cover it with a
clean cloth.
• All burns can be treated with first aid
alone; no emergency medical attention is
necessary
First Aid defined…
• Is an immediate care given to
a person who has been
injured or suddenly taken ill.
It includes self-help and
home care if medical
assistance is not available or
delayed.
General Guidelines in Administering
First Aid

1. Planning of action
Established based of anticipated needs and
available resources
Getting started
2. Gathering of needed materials
Preparation of equipment and personnel
Initial Response ( Sequence of actions)
• Ask for Help
A
• Intervene. Give appropriate
I interventions

• Do no further harm
D
Safety First
SURVEY THE SCENE
• Is the scene safe? Safe for you and the
injured person?
• What happened?
• How many people are injured?
• Are there someone who can help?
• Get consent before giving first aid care
 Chain of Survival

Early Access Early CPR Defibrillation

What is CPR
• Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

• Hands only CPR

Hand only CPR
• Check
– Survey the scene

• Call
– Call for help! Activate EMS

• Compress
– Chest Compression: 100-120/min; 2-2.4 inches deep; push
hard and fast
Until:
– EMS arrives (AED, doctor, ambulance
– Patient has signs of life
Rationale for CPR
Most out of hospital cardiac arrest occur at
home
• 59% unwitnessed
• 31% witnessed by bystanders
• 10% witnessed by EMS
Circulation 2012,OHCA study in
Japan
Changes with the guidelines during
pandemic

• Rescuer safety
• Proper airway management
• Ethical concerns
• Continuous and sustained education and
training
5 basic Steps in hands only CPR
in time of infectious outbreak
• You witness a possible cardiac arrest
– Person collapses
– Person loses consciousness
– Lying down not moving
1. Check
Scene Safety
• See if the scene is safer for CPR
• Get an idea of what happened
Responsiveness
• Visually Assess without touching
• Calling victim’s name or attention
• Is victim not moving?
• Is the victim breathing? (check chest rise and breathing
patters)
If not moving and No Breathing or with Gasping ARREST
 2. CALL
Call for Help
Rescuer Activates Emergency
Medical System (EMS)
Calling Local Hotline
Emergency Numbers or
Nearest Rescue Group
Get an AED/Defibrillator
3. COVER
Cover Rescuer and Victim
• Rescuer wear Surgical Face Mask/N95
and Gloves. Wear PPE if available
• Cover victim’s mouth and nose with
surgical mask or cloth
4. COMPRESS
Do high Quality Chest Compressions
• Keep elbow straight
• Compress at the center of the chest at
a rate if 100-120/min with depth of 2-
2.5 inches
• Allow Chest Recoil
• Repeat every 2 minutes until EMS
arrives
5. CONNECT
• Connect to AED if available
Automated External defibrillator
When to STOP the CPR
Spontaneous signs of circulation restored
Turned over to medical services or
authorized personnel
Operator is already exhausted and cannot
continue CPR
Physician/EMS assumes the responsibility
Care of the Victim After Successful
CPR

• Transfer in a secured place

• Place in a side lying position –
Recovery positon
• Wait for the emergency
response unit and
continuously monitor the
victim
 • Stop the flow of blood
Bleeding • Wear proper PPE (gloves)
• Cover the wound
• Apply pressure
• If a body parts has been
amputated, put it on ice.
 Shock
– Lay the victim down
– Cover
– Raise feet

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

Anaphylactic Shock
– Give the victim
medication
– Call for help ASAP
– Start CPR if necessary
Heart Attack
– Call for HELP
– Make victim comfortable
– Loosen tight clothing
– Check for medication
– Keep victim still
– Don’t give stimulants
Choking
– Ask a person to speak
or cough
– Deliver 5 back blows
– Perform abdominal thrusts
– Repeat sequence of back
blows and abdominal
thrusts
If Abdominal
Thrusts Don’t Work
– Call for help
– Finger sweep
– Abdominal thrusts
– Check ABCs
– Perform CPR if
not breathing
Electrical Shock
• Don’t touch!
• Turn power off
• Call for HELP
• Remove person
from live wire
• Check for breathing
Exercise Match the problem with the
correct first-aid procedure.

Bleeding CPR
Choking Elevate feet
No breathing Keep victim still
Heart attack Direct pressure
Shock Abdominal thrusts
Eye Injuries
• Splashes
• Particles in eye
• Blow to eye
• Cuts near eye
• Penetrating objects
 Burns
• First-degree burns—Reddened, painful skin
• Second-degree burns—Blistering
• Third-degree burns—Charring, deep tissue
damage

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

Exposure to
Hazardous Materials
• Eyes
• Skin
• Inhalation
• Ingestion
 Broken Bones

• Look
• Ask
• Treat for shock

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 Heat Exhaustion

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 Heatstroke
• Immediately call 911
• Cool the person down
• Monitor

• Move the person to shade

• Give cold water to drink
• Pour water over the skin
(mainly head and neck)
• Place ice packs on: neck
armpit and groin
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110
 Fainting
• Check for breathing
• Administer CPR if
necessary
• Call 911 if more than
a few minutes
• If conscious, lay the
victim down with feet
elevated
 Epileptic Seizures
STAY
• Remove victim from hazards
• Check for breathing SAFE
• Nothing in the mouth
• Keep comfortable SIDE
• Call HELP if medical assistance is needed

×DO NOT restrain

× DO NOT put any objects in their mouth
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110
 Multiple choice
Which is the worst a. First degree
kind of burn? b. Third degree

For a particle in a. Flush with water

the eye: b. Rub eye
a. Induce vomiting
For inhalation of b. Move to fresh air
vapors or gases:
a. Call for HELP
For heatstroke: b. Don’t call HELP
Medical triage
The process by which patient is classified
according to the type and urgency of their
condition to gets the Right patient to the
Right place at the Right time with the Right
care provider
Objective of triage protocol
a.Identifying patient
b.Identifying the priority of the patient
need for medical treatment and transport
from the emergency scene
c.Tract the patient's progress through triage
process
d.Identify additional hazards such as
contamination
Simple triage
• Used in a scene of an accident or “mass-
casualty incident in order to sort patients
into those who need critical attention
and immediate transport to hospital and
those with less serious injuries
 Key Points to Remember
 Medical emergencies can happen anytime.
 Act quickly, calmly, and correctly.
 Consider being certified in first aid
and CPR.